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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Butwetin 181
THE CYCLOPHORID OPERCULATE LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA
By CARLOS DE LA TORRE PAUL BARTSCH
and
JOSEPH P. E. MORRISON
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1942
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington D.1Can a an nei aee tea an Price 65 cents
ADVERTISEMENT
The scientific publications of the National Museum include two series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin.
The Proceedings series, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collec- tions of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scien- tific organizations and to specialists and others interested in the different subjects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes.
The series of Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, con- tains separate publications comprising monographs of large zoologi- cal groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogs of type specimens, special collections, and other material of similar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear volumes under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum.
The present work forms No. 181 of the Budlletin series.
ALEXANDER WETMORE, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. Wasxineron, D. C., June 9, 1942.
II
CONTENTS
Page Imtroduction and acknowledgments] 2——— =o - oes eee eee oe 1 The cyclophorid mollusks of Cuba, by Cartos pg La Torre and PavuL RS Bae ee oe eg re ee a ee BE 3 Paraily, Cyclophoridac# 24.22 o_o eae ee SE Se -- =. 3 Subfamily Megalomastominae=_.. =. -2.02teee eee soe) = - 3 GoanustMarcunens 2 soos fe Se SESE 3 2 4 Subgenus. Farcimens:_.- 25.2 Se eo = 5 Subfamily»Aperostominge +22 ts 3) jee a eee eee eee oe SSS 38 Genus Grocidopamane. - a ee ued a Ee 39 Subgenus: Cyclocubana_._.. Sunset. SURE == 39 The eyclophorid mollusks of the West Indies, exclusive of Cuba, by Paun ARDS CHE aha te ee oe oP Ce ae a RNS ee 43 Family yclophoridaes s.-e- tee tas eee eee 43 Subfamily Megalomastominac louse. ule ye oat ee 43 Genus Harcimen=- 2s = 6 ee ee a ee 43 Subgenus Weopupinias ey aes sae ee 43 Gems Parcrmnoides sake ease BUN oc ee 46 Genus Megalomastoma -2- Oo se Sie BUA 2 ere 48 Subgenus Megalomastomal.b.2 8 22 Sseh ss BLO se 48 Subgenus Megalomastomoides_--_--------------------- 50 Subfamily, Diplommatininae—... 229s 9204s lunes, Ses ee 51 Genus Adelopoma === <== 2 Seek eeen se ee 51 Subfamily. Amphicyclotinaes-._+-2-- =e<= =e oe te 52 (Cremmiss Ci clonatiia ss! hens tte PEN SE ee Soe 2a 52 GenuseAmpnicyeroliiites= = 22 aes Sree ee See eee 54 Subgentis: Ampnzcyclowuiuss= 9 = 99 8 be Be 54 SubsennsiCycloblandia-—- \! = we es 2 oe kt ee Oe 60 Sublamily: Aperostominae.- +95. oo eae fe eee ee oe 62 Genus Crovidnpomarse wee oe aan eee ee 62 SubgentisnGrecidopemaAle les. 22h Le 62 Genirsi@yelogagnapccae < soos hoe te 67 Gents ‘Cyclonendreysia. io. = 12 ee te ee 69 Genie Cyclon isGryikes soe Uae Bee ee a ae oe 71 Subgenus Cyclopusbryag.2- 2 ee eo ee Ye 71 Subgenus Cyclocaymanita__<. 9.223 2s 2 2 2 23 =e 79 GenusiPivenocochiies so ee UNI Si eee 82 Genus: Poleria ing) S222 2 Pe pe ies Se eee ee 105 Subgenusweorert@s 62. 8 Sa ee 106 Subgenus) Cyclobakerza-.— 224 es cee ee eee 115 Genus Aperostemde) 2 en te ees eo eee eee 124 Subgenus! Cycladameraees 2316 / 3022s Se Se ee eb 125 Subgenus Ausirocyclotustc ee = oes eee Sse est 132 Subgenvis Cyelohidalgoa 22. ol | Se ee ee He 136 Pseudogeneric term Incerticyclus___---------------------- 137
IV CONTENTS
Page
The cyclophorid mollusks of the mainland of America, by Pau, Bartscu and Josprn P. i. MOonnIsON= 22-2220 22 22 ee 142 Famibys@velophoridae--2 22 — ies 2. ee ee ee ee 142 Subfamily Megalomastominae:—- 2.4 =22-22-= == £2 aaa 142 Genus: Lomocyclus ss... - 2S Se eae ees eee ee eee 142 Subfamily: Diplommatininaes:2 2-052") 25-2 Fe ee 148 Genus! Adelonoma 2222 22 one ee a ee eee 148 Subfamily Amphicyclotinaes= 2" 52-5252 2- ae ee 151 Genus Buckleyta_-—. 223. = == PE eee eae ee ee 151 Genus Lagoeyclus- x21 2 eds eh 8 eS ieee 154 Genus Filocyclus:-2. 2.) 5.682 Se oe ae ESS eee eee 157 Genus Calaperostoma:.- =~. 252. — (see ey 159 Genus: Cyrtotoma__.__--- - Sassaeisn nop an Es eee 169 Genus’ Barbacicluss 2220225 <5 3. Ye ee a eee te 175 Genus Calacyclotuss2225. 22. Beni Oe hee eee 178 Genus, Mexcyclotuss.2 2-2 + == Samo he eee ee 179 Genus Megacyclotus. <5 32 Jo 3 eee EE Bae ah eee 181 Genus Amphicyclotus._.. < . 2s be he eee = - 2 183 Subfamily, ;Aperostominae 22-420 26h. ase dees Wee dE abe 186 Genus Apenostoma. -2- 22 ='s- 222512 Se ee 187 Subgenus Jncidostomaz -. - 4.) 3. jt te eke 187 Subgenus: Austrocyclotusco2ae 352 eee ee eae eee 195 Subgenus Neocyclotus.2=-.-22-- 226 MS gy og Be ee 203 Subgenus Cyclopomops.u: 2244-0 sue see See ee 219 Subgenus Aperostoma. 2. - 2h sce ee tesa ee 221 Subgenus’ Cyclohidalgoa___ 2. 4-0 She = ey 268 Genus Dnracyclotués. 2 ooe0 ae el ae oe Ss 274 Pseudogeneric term Incerticyelus.__-/. ~. 22 ==-22--=---==-=- 275 A list. of the mainland cyclophorids.._+ 52-222) 4.ce"'. ate 279 Hixplanation of plates. .2o522. 324222 2 oso 2 So ee ee 283
THE CYCLOPHORID OPERCULATE LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA
—_———
By Cartos pe LA Torre, Paut Barrscu, and Josepu P. E. Morrison
INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Tus contribution is divided into three parts: Parr 1, by Drs. Carlos de la Torre and Paul Bartsch, deals with the forms inhabiting the island of Cuba. Parr 2, by Dr. Bartsch, describes the members of the family known from the West Indies exclusive of Cuba. In Parr 3, Drs. Bartsch and Joseph P. E. Morrison discuss the mainland fauna. While Part 3 is by far the largest portion of the paper, it probably represents only a small fraction of the cyclophorid fauna inhabiting this extensive territory, the exploration of which has scarcely been started.
We have not attempted to give complete bibliographic references to all the species, since this would necessitate an enormous expansion of the text, but all the citations involving problems of nomenclature have been noted.
The completeness of this monograph was made possible through the splendid cooperation of the authorities of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, particularly Dr. H. A. Pilsbry. We are indebted also to Prof. H. Burrington Baker, of the University of Pennsylvania, who unstintingly turned over for our examination all the material needed in this group, especially from Jamaica. We are glad, too, to acknowledge our obligation to Dr. d’Alté A. Welch for his splendid collection of Jamaican cyclophorids, which he placed at our disposal. The authorities of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass., through Dr. W. J. Clench, aided materially by the loan of specimens for study.
The cyclophorid material from Cuba came from several sources, chief in importance being the extensive collection of Dr. de la Torre, which furnished the major basis of our understanding of the genus Farcimen. .Next should be mentioned the large collections made sev- eral years ago by Dr. Bartsch on several collecting expeditions that enabled him to comb the island for mollusks. These were made pos-
1
2 THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA
sible through the generosity of the late John Brooks Henderson and through the agency of the Walter Rathbone Bacon Traveling Scholar- ship of the Smithsonian Institution. Especial thanks are due Prof. Raul P. Guitart for his helpfulness with specific material needed by us in the region covered by his explorations, but to mention all the others who contributed material to our understanding of the fauna of the Island of Cuba would prolong endlessly these acknowledgments. We have mentioned under the various species the collectors to whom we are especially indebted for such contributions,
Our knowledge of the radulas, jaws, and verges discussed in this paper is based on dissections made by Dr. Morrison.
Part 1.—THE CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF CUBA
By CARLOS DE LA TORRE AND PAUL BARTSCH
Family CYCLOPHORIDAE Gray
Terrestrial taenioglossate prosobranchiates the mantle cavity of which has been developed into a thin-walled pulmonary sac. The tentacles are attenuatedly elongate-conic, bearing the optic papillae at their outer base. Snout usually short. Foot attenuate posteriorly, entire. The radula rows consist of seven teeth. The shell shape, size, and ornamentation are extremely diversified. The operculum, usually circular, may be a simple chondroid plate or this may bear lamellae or calcifications of various types.
The family ranges from Mexico south over South America on the mainland as well as over the West Indian Islands.
In Cuba it is represented by two subfamilies, which the following key will help to differentiate:
KEY TO THE CUBAN SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY CYCLOPHORIDAE
Sine Cioinez aero) 1iKO Ts ee ee Megalomastominae Se MMe ce Olek ee ae ee ee Aperostominae
MEGALOMASTOMINAE, new subfamily
Cyclophorid mollusks having an elongate-conic or elongate-turrited shell. Operculum corneous.
This subfamily embraces the mainland Zomocyclus, which comes from Guatemala and the adjacent Mexican Chiapas, the Cuban Farci- men, the Hispaniolan Farcimoides, the Puerto Rican Neopupina, typical Megalomastoma from the Virgin Islands, and its related sub- genus Megalomastomoides from eastern Puerto Rico.
Wherever found the animal lives in leaf mulch, or it may even dig in the loose earth about the base of plants until it is completely hidden from sight. Bartsch found Farcimen (Neopupina) curtum (Dall and Simpson) buried completely among the roots of banana trees on the east slope of El Yunque in Puerto Rico. On days of protracted rain they may venture forth from their hiding place and sometimes may climb a foot or so above ground up on the trunk of a mulch-surrounded tree.
4 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Genus FARCIMEN Troschel
1847. Farcimen TroscHEt, Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 4, p. 44, in part. 1847 (November). Farcimen HERMANNSEN, Indicis generum malacozoorum primor- dia, vol. 1, p. 489. (Type designated, Cyclostoma tortum Wood.)
Typical Farcimen is known only from Cuba, where it is widely dis- tributed and presents considerable variation in shell shape and sculp- ture. In shape it varies from ovate to elongate-conic. The sculpture, following an initial smooth nuclear portion, may be smooth, axially lirate, or even ribbed, spiral threads may be present, or the surface may be pitted as in the Farcimen alutaceum group. The peristome is heavily reenforced by a thickening and is reflected. The operculum consists of a simple, thin, multispiral chrondroid plate.
Type: Turbo tortus Wood=Farcimen (Farcimen) tortum (Wood).
The anatomy of /. (F.)/ vinalense scopulorum is described under that subspecies, p. 34.
All members of the genus Farcimen are mulch-dwellers; they find their optimum habitat where dead leaves and vegetable detritus be- come mixed with sand or soil at the base of stone walls or pared6nes or dead trees. Here usually there is sufficient moisture to furnish ideal conditions for the development of fungi, upon whose mycelial threads they seem largely to subsist. Living specimens are therefore rarely seen on the surface. It is only on wet days or dewy nights that they appear to come from their hidings and may then climb for some feet above the level normally occupied by them. Usually they burrow below the surface and have to be sought by grubbing for them. For these reasons the shells of most species are partly covered with dirt when found.
This leaf-mulch dwelling does not tie them to the restricted habitat that the calciphilous annularids are forced to effect. We therefore find the various species occupying a much more extended territory than is the case in the annularids. They are not confined to the moun- tains but are equally at home in the plains, where their worst enemy is agriculture, which usually destroys their favorite habitats. Their greater abundance in the rough hilly country at present merely means that man’s activities so far have failed to dispossess them.
The absence of strongly developed sculptural characters makes the genus Farcimen a rather trying group to handle taxonomically. Words alone seem inadequate to define convincingly our concept of species and races. Fortunately, by the use of the camera we are able to portray the characters far better than mere word pictures can accom- plish. We hope, therefore, that by consulting both descriptions and figures our contentions will be made clear.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 5 KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF FARCIMEN
Peristome) thickened/and) retlected2222ee—_ © teas eae lisse ee Farcimen Peristomemotatnickenedvor) retlecteds2 ses eee Neopupina
Subgenus FARCIMEN Troschel
In the subgenus Farcimen the peristome is thickened and reflected. The group is peculiar to the island of Cuba. Type: Turbo tortus Wood=Farcimen (Farcimen) tortum (Wood).
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) PSEUDOTORTUM, new species
Megalomastoma tortum of many authors, not of Wood, which equals Farcimen apertum Poey.
Shell elongate-ovate, the early whorls varying in color from yellow to pale orange. Nuclear whorls 1.8, well rounded, smooth. Postnu- clear whorls well rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit; the early turns are marked by rather distantly spaced, slender, retractively curved axial riblets. These riblets on the succeeding turns become more closely approximated and less regular, and on the last whorl are less expressed than on the other whorls. In perfect specimens there is a faint indicaton of obsolete spiral hairlines, at least on the early turns. Suture rendered conspicuous by the shoulder at the summit. Base protracted, tapering fairly abruptly toward the open umbilicus. The umbilicus is bounded by an obsolete carina. Within this the um- bilical wall appears slightly excavated and is marked by incremental lines. Aperture almost circular; peristome thickened, heaviest at the posterior angle and at the junction of the basal lip with the columella, and narrowest on the parietal wall. Operculum typically farcimenid.
This species is the one that has been considered by many authors to be F. tortum. We have explained under that species why we do not agree with this determination. F. (/.) pseudotortum resembles most nearly forms of F. (F.) wngula (Poey), from which, however, it is easily distinguished by the fact that the aperture is not protracted into a clawlike element at the junction of the outer and basal lip.
We are recognizing three subspecies, all occupying parts of Oriente Province, which the following key will help to differentiate:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) PSEUDOTORTUM
Umbilicus very narrow. ShellMarce: hersht more: than) 24min = ee pseudotortum Shellismalli height less! thant20 mm" 282 ee ee turquinoense Umbilicusmotivery Napro wes ees lel re CME Eee ee bayamense
6 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) PSEUDOTORTUM PSEUDOTORTUM, new subspecies PLATE 1, FicurEs 7-9
This race comes from the ancient Cafetal Buena Vista, 18 miles west-southwest of Bayamo, Oriente Province. The specimen that we have figured is one collected by Gundlach and labeled UM. tortum. It is distinguished from the other two by its much larger size and the ribbing of the early whorls, which is much more conspicuous and a little more distantly spaced.
The type. U.S.N.M. No. 104424, the specimen referred to above, has 7.5 whorls and measures: Height, 24.9 mm.; greater diameter, 11.8 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) PSEUDOTORTUM TURQUINOENSE, new subspecies PLATE 1, Ficures 1-3
This race comes from Pico Turquino, Sierra Maestra, Oriente Province. It is easily distinguished from F. (F.) pseudotortwm pseudotortum by its small size, and from F. (/.) pseudotortum baya- mense by its strong ribbing.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535874, has 5.3 whorls remaining, the tip being broken, and measures: Height, 19.3 mm.; greater diameter, 9.9 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) PSEUDOTORTUM BAYAMENSE, new subspecies
PLATE 1, FIGURES 4-6
This race was collected by Victor Rodriguez at the foot of Pan de Azitcar, Sierra Maestra, southwest of Bayamo. It differs from the other two forms in being much more rotund and much more openly umbilicated and in having considerably finer sculpture. The peris- tome is also more reflected at the junction of the basal lip and columella.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535875, has 6.5 whorls and measures: Height, 18.8 mm.; greater diameter, 10.1 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) YUNQUENSE, new species
PLATE 2, Figures 19-21
Shell very small, pale orange, with the last part of the last whorl behind the peristome usually red. Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit and marked by slender, retractively curved axial riblets, which are not equal in strength or regularly disposed. Suture strongly constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base slightly protracted, rather broadly openly umbilicated, and with an obscure angle at the
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA Z
edge of the umbilicus. Aperture circular; peristome expanded, thick- ened, and double the width of that of the outer lip on the anterior columellar wall and the adjacent basal area, and only about one-half as wide on the posterior columella and parietal side. Operculum typically farcimenid. The species appears restricted to Yunque de Baracoa, Oriente Province.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535888, was collected by Arango. It has 6.4 whorls and measures: Height, 17.8 mm.; greater diameter, 9.6 mm.
This species was listed as Megalomastoma seminudum by Pfeiffer, Gundlach, and Arango.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA (Poey)
In this species the shell varies immensely in shape and color in the different subspecies. The form may be elongate-ovate or elongate- ovate-conic; some individuals are comparatively slender; others, obese. Most of the specimens, having lost their periostracum, are soiled white and they range from this through lemon yellow to rose red. The periostracum is usually thin and translucent. It also varies from wax color to pale wood brown. The umbilicus varies from open to closed. Regardless of what the variance mentioned above may be, the species has in common a thickened peristome, which is protracted into a clawlike element at the junction of the outer and basal lip.
This species is nearest related to F. (F.) pseudotortum, from which its ungulate peristome will readily differentiate it.
The species appears confined to Oriente Province, where we are recognizing nine subspecies, which the following key will help to differentiate.
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA
Umbilicus open. Shell large, height more than 26 mm.
asthwhorlsoran ge: eas seo ee semivestitum Masts whorl not oranges. 20-2 See See Fee See holguinense Shell smaiiers height: 24 mmor less= 232225222 ae perconvexum
Umbilicus closed. Shell very obese. Umbilicus bordered with a very conspicuous keel____~__ elephantinum Umbilicus bordered with an obsolete keel____-__-._------_~- mirandum Shell not very obese. Whorls well rounded.
Lip: decidedly, protractenes 2 80 Ts fea eee ee te ungula
ip not decidedly. protracteds=-2 22 ee mayariense Whorls flattish.
Shelljrose colored = esas Set eee eee ee ee mayense
Shell orange —_--- ele pa ee te ce BAL guantanamense
8 BULLETIN 18 1, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA SEMIVESTITUM, new subspecies
PLATE 1, FIGURES 25-27
This race is openly umbilicated. It is much larger than the other member of that group described here, namely, /. (F.) ungula hol- guinense. The specimens retaining their periostracum show this to be wood brown with an olivaceous tinge, streaked with darker axial lines. When denuded, the last whorl is brilliantly reddish orange. The hair- like axial threads in this race are stronger and the base of the last turn is more attenuated than those of &. (7.) ungula holquinense.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535884, from Brazo del Pino, Woodfred, Mayari, Oriente Province, was collected by I. Rivas. It has 6.5 whorls remaining, having lost the nuclear tip, and measures: Height, 33.0 mm.; greater diameter, 13.8 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA HOLGUINENSE, new subspecies
PuaTE 1, Ficures 13-15
The type of this subspecies was collected by Garcia Feria at the Finca de Garcet, Holguin, Oriente Province. We also have speci- mens collected by Quesada between Cacocum and San German, and others obtained by Dr. Aguayo at Baguano, east of Holguin, Oriente Province.
This race shares with F. (F.) wngula semivestitum the open umbil- icus. It differs from it in having a much stronger carina limiting the umbilicus and when denuded in not being brilliant orange on the last turn, and in having the axial hairlike riblets finer.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535877, has 6.8 whorls remaining and mea- sures: Height, 26.5 mm.; greater diameter, 13.4 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA PERCONVEXUM, new subspecies
PLATE 1, Figures 10-12
This is a small race, the type of which was collected by Gundlach at Yarayabo, Oriente Province. We also have specimens from Central Palma, Corralillo, northwest of Santiago, from between Baire and Jiguani, also between Baire and Los Negros, and from San Luis, north of Santiago. Likewise from Manaca, La Plata. While widely dis- tributed, it is fairly constant in form, although the coloration varies materially from flesh colored to roseolate. It is nearest related to F. (F.) ungula mayariense, from which its much smaller size will readily differentiate it.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535881, has 5.4 whorls remaining and mea- sures: Height, 24 mm.; greater diameter, 12.5 mm.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 9 FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA ELEPHANTINUM, new subspecies
PLATE 2, FiaurEs 13-15
This very obese race was collected by Dr. S. Molina at Loma Santa Fe, Guantinamo, Oriente Province. The only member of the ungula complex resembling this is 7. (F.) ungula mirandum (Pilsbry), from which its conspicuous tumid umbilical keel distinguishes it. It is also more inclined toward lemon-yellow, instead of being rosy in coloration, and the basal lip is more protracted.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535887, has 5.0 whorls remaining and mea- sures: Height, 32.3 mm.; greater diameter, 17.3 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA MIRANDUM (Pilsbry) PLATE 2, Ficurres 16-18
1928. Megalomastoma ungula mirandum Prrspry, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Year Book for 1928, p. 17.
This subspecies was collected by Drs. Pilsbry and d’Alté Welch at Central Miranda, between Mayari and Santiago, Oriente Province. It resembles in obeseness F. (F.) ungula elephantinum but is dis- tinguished by having the shell much more roseolate and the umbilical bounding keel less conspicuous. Also, the lip is not protracted as in that subspecies.
The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 464468, a topo- type, has 6.0 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 33.0 mm.; greater diameter, 15.9 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA UNGULA (Poey)
PLATE 1, FicurREs 28-30
1856. Megalomastoma ungula Pory, Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, vol. 2, p. 24, pl. 3, figs. 1-4.
The typical race we have from Santiago, Vista Alegre, San Juan Hill and the Pedrito Quarry near Santiago, central Oriente, and the mouth of Magdalena River. The type was collected at Santiago and given to Poey by Dr. Gutierrez.
The subspecies is of medium size, varying in color from pale lemon to very faintly roseolate. It has the peristome decidedly protracted at the junction of the outer and basal lip, giving it a decidedly ungulate appearance. The umbilicus is practically covered by the reflected peri- stome, the last whorl being materially attenuated, and terminates in a fairly conspicuous carina, marking the outer limit of the umbilicus.
The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 1044386, is one re- ceived from Poey collected at Santiago. It has 6.5 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 29.0 mm.; greatest diameter, 13.2 mm.
10 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
It is distinguished from the other forms with closed umbilicus and nonobese shape by having the whorls rounded.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA MAYARIENSE, new subspecies
PLATE 1, Ficures 19-21
This subspecies was collected by J. B. Henderson at the Farallones de Nipe, Piedra Gorda, Canapti, near Cayo del Rey, all places near Mayari. The type comes from Farallones de Nipe.
The race is most nearly related to F. (F.) ungula ungula (Poey), from which its less protracted aperture and stronger axial sculpture will readily differentiate it.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535883, has 7.2 whorls and measures: Height, 28.0 mm.; greater diameter, 14.0 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA MAYENSE, new subspecies PLATE 1, FicurEs 16-18
This race was collected by Dr. Ramsden about Alto Songo, La Maya, Finca Isabelita, and Finca Santa Teresa, Oriente Province. It is a rose-colored race with closed umbilicus and a strong carina bordering it. The whorls are marked by rather strong slightly retractively curved axial riblets, which become weakened on the last turn.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535885, from La Maya, has 7.5 whorls re- maining and measures: Height, 27.9 mm.; greater diameter, 13.5 mm.
The brilliant rose color will differentiate this easily from the other members with closed umbilicus.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA GUANTANAMENSE, new subspecies
PLATE 1, FicurES 22-24
We have this subspecies from a number of stations ranging about Guantinamo. The individual stations are Vinculo, where the type was obtained, Saltadero, Sierra des Canasta, and Yateras, Oriente Province.
This is an orange-colored race with closed umbilicus. It resembles most nearly /. (F.) ungula mayense, from which its less strong axial sculpture and paler coloration will differentiate it.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535886, has 7.4 whorls and measures: Height, 18.6 mm.; greater diameter, 13.8 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) CAMAGUEYANUM, new species
Shell of medium size, elongate-ovate, varying in color from uni- formly wax yellow to bicolor, that is, the early whorls may be pale and the last darker, frequently dark chestnut-brown. Nuclear whorls about 1.5, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls strongly
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 11
rounded, marked by closely spaced, very slender, almost hairlike, re- tractively curved axial riblets. Suture well marked. Periphery rounded. Base moderately long, quite openly umbilicated in /. (F.) camagueyanum mayajiguense, a little less so in F’. (/'.) camagueyanum camagueyanum, and even less so in F. (F.) camagueyanum florencia- num, in which the umbilicus is for the greater part concealed. Aper- ture subcircular; peristome much thickened on the outer, basal, and inner lip, and reflected; the posterior edge of the reflected peristome is sharp. The thickened peristome of the inner lip does not quite reach the preceding turn, but leaves a conspicuous gap. The peristome of the parietal wall is not thickened. Operculum typically farcimenid.
This species ranges through the north and northwestern portion of the Sierra Cubitas and extends to the Jatibonico.
We are recognizing three subspecies, which the following key and descriptions will help to differentiate:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) CAMAGUEYANUM
IM DUT CUS erat eres Cee eee ee ee ee mayajiguense Umbilicus not broad. Shell large, height more than 27 mm-_-__----__----~------- camagueyanum Shell smaller, height less than 25 mm______--_--------___--- florencianum
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) CAMAGUEYANUM MAYAJIGUENSE, new subspecies PLATE 2, Fiacures 28-30
We have this race from a number of stations, namely, the north slope of the Sierra de Jatibonico, Veredas de los Broqueles, del Chorrerén y del Alunado, Sierra de Matahambre, and Sierra de Canoa, Mayajigua, Santa Clara Province.
This race has a quite regular convex outline with the early whorls pale olive and the last one much darker, not infrequently purplish. Its chief distinction, however, lies in the fact that the umbilicus is more widely open than in any other race and the bounding keel very conspicuous.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535892, comes from the north slope of the Sierra de Jatibonico at Los Broqueles. Having lost the extreme tip, the remaining 6.3 whorls measure: Height, 24.5 mm.; greater diameter, 12.3 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) CAMAGUEYANUM CAMAGUEYANUM, new subspecies PLATE 2, FIGURES 25-27
This race comes chiefly from the Cubitas Mountains, Camagtiey Province. Bartsch collected it at Los Corrales de los Cangilones and at Finca Los Cangilones. Both of these stations are at the foothills of the Cubitas Mountains. In the mountains it was obtained at
12 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vereda del Burro in several stations on this path. It was also se- cured in Paso de la Guanaja, in the Paso de Jas Escaleras, Paso de los Paredones, and Paso de Lesca. In each of these passes series of specimens were taken at various stations.
This is the largest race of the group. It is unicolor and has the umbilicus fairly open, not as wide, however, as in /. (/.) cama- gueyanum mayajiguense.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535898, comes from Los Corrales de los Cangilones. It has 7.1 whorls and measures: Height, 27.4 mm.; greater diameter, 14.5 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) CAMAGUEYANUM FLORENCIANUM, new subspecies PLATE 2, Figures 7-9
This race was collected by Drs. Pilsbry and Welch on the cliffs near Florencia, Camagiiey Province. The early whorls in this race are a little darker than in the rest and the last one usually has the purplish tinge of the two-colored forms, which is also the color of the interior. The peristome is decidedly expanded, thickened, and reflected at the junction of the columella and basal lip. It is quite narrow on the parietal wall and leaves exposed a fairly large por- tion of the umbilicus, thereby displaying the umbilical carina.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535894, has 5.0 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 21.3 mm.; greater diameter, 11.0 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) WRIGHTI, new species
Shell rather small, varying from elongate-ovate to ovate in out- line. The color ranges from wax yellow through olive to orange, and the shells may be unicolor or bicolor, that is, the last whorl may be chestnut-brown. Nuclear whorls about 1.5, smooth. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, marked by slender, exceedingly fine, closely spaced, hairlike axial riblets. Suture strongly constricted. Periph- ery well rounded. Base narrowly umbilicated, usually almost hid- den by the reflected peristome. Aperture circular; peristome much thickened and reflected on the outer, basal, and columellar portion, much narrower on the parietal wall, where it is somewhat excavated. The broadly expanded portion of the peristome is always sharp and knife-edged at the extreme posterior edge of the reflected part. The peristome of the inner lip touches the preceding turn in Ff. (F.) wrighti biayaense and F. (F.) wrighti wrighti and almost so in the other two subspecies.
This species ranges through the southern and eastern complex of the Sierras de Guaicanamar and Najaza to Sibanicti to the Lomas de Borje and Santa Cruz, south and east of the Rio Maximo in the Province of Santa Clara.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 13
We are recognizing four subspecies, as follows: KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) WRIGHTI
Peristome of inner lip almost touching the preceding turn.
Shelli Ova tetas ffi Lbs PEE ee ee Eh oe A ee Tat biayaense
Shellzelongate-ovaite:ssa° 5 ee tise a et Ye Oe ee eee? wrighti Peristome of inner lip not touching the preceding turn.
Wimbilicaly carina: COnSPICUOUG Soe a= en ee ee eee martianum
Wmibilicalscarinaonot(conspicuouse=s— 2 == eee najazaense
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) WRIGHTI BIAYAENSE, new subspecies
PLATE 2, FiguRES 1-3
This subspecies comes from San Martin de Biaya, 15 miles south of Marti, Camagiiey Province. It is a chubby race in which the early whorls are pale olivaceous with the last one tending toward reddish. The interior of the aperture is the color of the exterior of the last whorl. Its chief distinction from the other members consists of the fact that the rather broadly expanded inner lip extends up and almost touches the preceding whorl, leaving a mere line of separation. In this char- acter it agrees with F. (F.) wrighti wrighti, from which it is readily distinguished by its gibbose outline. The parietal wall of the peristome is much narrower than the rest and almost suggests the peculiar lunate aspect of F. (F.) bituberculatum (Sowerby).
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535889, has 5.1 whorls remaining, the extreme tip being lost, and measures: Height, 22.4 mm.; greater diameter, 13.4mm. It was collected by Victor Rodriguez.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) WRIGHTI WRIGHTI, new subspecies PLATE 2, FIGURES 22-24
Bartsch collected this race in large numbers at Loma Santa Cruz, near Senado, Camagiiey Province. We have it also from Loma de Borje and between Puerto Principe and Tunas, where it was collected by Wright. This subspecies agrees with F. (7.) wrighti biayaense in the approximation of the expanded lip to the preceding turn. It is, however, much slenderer than that race, and its color scheme is much more inclined to bicolor, that is, the early turns wax yellow and the last one purplish brown.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535891, comes from Loma Santa Cruz. It has 5.6 whorls remaining, having lost the extreme tip, and measures: Height, 22.7 mm.; greater diameter, 11.8 mm.
Bartsch’s field notes say that the animal of this subspecies is pale pink, with numerous very small white dots on the back and sides. The sole of the foot is a little deeper pink than the sides, and the tentacles are coral-red.
428349—42 2
14 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) WRIGHTI MARTIANUM, new subspecies PLATE 2, FIcuRES 10-12
We have this race from Finca San Carlos, Marti, which is the type locality, and also from El Zanjén de Sibanicti, and from San Antonio Abad, Berrocal, and Guaimaro, Camagiiey Province. This small sub- species is unicolor orange, with white peristome and white umbilical region. The peristome is exceedingly expanded and thickened except at the parietal wall, where it is very narrow and exposes the umbilicus. In general shape it resembles F. (F.) wrighti biayaense but is readily distinguished from that by its smaller size and by having the inner lip decidedly distinct from the preceding turn.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535896, which was collected by Victor Rod- riguez, has 5.8 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 19.3 mm.; greater diameter, 11.0 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) WRIGHTI NAJAZAENSE, new subspecies PLATE 2, Figures 4-6
The type of this subspecies comes from El] Cacaotal de Sifontes, Sierra de Najaza, Camagiiey Province. We have it also from the Sierra del Cachimbo, which is between the Sierras del Chorrillo and de Najaza, and from the Sitrra de Guaicanamar, Palomar de San José, between Guaicanamar and Najaza, and Verada del Telégrafo in the Sierra del Chorrillo. i.
This race resembles most nearly FP. (F.) wrighti martianum but is easily distinguished from that by the fact that the peristome is de- cidedly protracted anteriorly.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535897, has 6.9 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Height, 21.5 mm.; greater diameter, 138.0 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) BITUBERCULATUM (Sowerby)
In this species the shell varies very much in size; some of the races are of medium stature, while others constitute the largest and most ponderous shells in the genus. In shape they vary from elongate- ovate to elongate-conic. In color also there is a great variation; some races are uniformly pale, others conspicuously bicolor, that is, the last whorl is purplish plum colored, while the early turns are usually of a wax tint. In some races both unicolor and bicolor forms are present. Peristome white with a yellowish tinge. The interior of the aperture ranges from porcelain white to purplish brown but is more or less constant for the different races. Nuclear whorls about 1.5, strongly rounded, smooth. The postnuclear whorls, while rounded, vary materially in convexity in the different races. This is emphasized by the amount of constriction presented by the suture.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 15
The sculpture consists of retractively curved axial riblets that vary materially in number and strength in the different subspecies. All the races show irregularly distributed pitting, which produces an appearance of drilling by some parasite or of partial decay. This character shows a tendency toward approaching Farcimen (Farci- men) alutaceum ([Menke] Pfeiffer), in which it reaches a maximum development. Periphery well rounded. Base well rounded, or some- what produced, narrowly umbilicated, with or without a limiting umbilical carina. The umbilicus in most races is concealed by the widely expanded and reflected inner peristome. Aperture large, sub- circular. Peristome much thickened, expanded, and reflected, ex- cept that of the parietal wall, always wider on the columella than the rest, and narrow and somewhat excised on the parietal wall. At the posterior angle of the aperture and at the posterior columellar ex- pansion, the peristome is thickened into more or less of a knob, which furnished the specific name bituberculatum. Operculum typically farcimenid,
The species appears confined to the southern part of the Province of Santa Clara, where it reaches its maximum differentiation in the Trinidad Mountain region.
We are recognizing five subspecies:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) BITUBERCULATUM
Whorls strongly rounded.
SHI rr CO re ee a a ket ee bituberculatum Sheep COLO rs eee ee tee NU ee ey Se Ee eee See eee minor Whorls not strongly rounded. PACH ED NTT) Spe eT SUI ea Ne iva ts GTS CD a giganteum Axial ribs not irregular or interrupted. Axial rib Ets) Strong ee BS he eee gutierrezi FASXAa Te TIDIELS NOt. SUT OW as aes See ee ee ee crassum
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) BITUBERCULATUM BITUBERCULATUM (Sowerby) PLATE 3, FrcurEs 10-12
1850. Cyclostoma bituberculatum SowrErspy, Thesaurus Conchyliorum, vol. 1, Suppl, p. 164*, pl. 31a, figs. 290-291.
This race was collected somewhere in the mountains of Trinidad, Santa Clara Province. It differs from all the others in being much slenderer, unicolor, and much more regularly conic, with the whorls strongly rounded, in which respect it resembles /. (7.) bitwberculatum minor (Kobelt).
The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535901, is the only one we have that agrees with Sowerby’s figure. It was obtained by Dr. de la Torre from the ancient collection of D. Tomas Iradi in Cienfuegos. It has 4.9 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 32.7 mm.; greater di- ameter, 17.3 mm.
16 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) BITUBERCULATUM MINOR (Kobelt) PLATE 3, FicurEs 16-18
1843. Cyclostoma auriculatum SoweErBy, Thesaurus Conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 151, pl. 31, fig. 277 (not Cyclostoma auriculatum Orbigny, 1842).
1902. Megalomastoma (Farcimen) bituberculatum minor Koper, Das Tierreich, Cyclophoridae, p. 265.
This subspecies was collected by H. N. Lowe at Puriales, Santa Rosa, Trinidad, Santa Clara Province. It agrees with the typical race, P. (F.) bituberculatum bituberculatum (Sowerby), in having the whorls strongly rounded but differs from it in being more ovate and in having the last whor! plum colored.
The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535902, has 5.0 whorls remain- ing and measures: Height, 28.5 mm.; greater diameter, 15.3 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) BITUBERCULATUM GIGANTEUM, new subspecies
PLATE 8, Figures 1-3
We have this subspecies from Sopimpa, a railroad station between Fomento and Trinidad, and Loma del Caballete, Sierra de Gavilanes of the Trinidad region, Santa Clara Province. It differs from the other races of /. (F.) bituberculatum in having the axial ribs of the later turns irregularly developed; in size it resembles F’. (F'.) betuber- culatum gutierrezi and F. (F.) bituberculatum crassum, from both of which the irregularity of its ribs will distinguish it.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535904, which comes from Sopimpa, has 5.0 whorls remaining, and measures: Height, 33.7 mm.; greater diameter, 17.8 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) BITUBERCULATUM GUTIERREZI, new subspecies PLATE 3, Fiaures 4-6
We have this race from a number of stations ranging around Banao, south of Sancti Spiritus and southeast of Trinidad, Santa Clara Province; for example, Finca Angelina, La Quinta, El Cacahual, and Guayacanes; also from Loma de Jarao, Blanquizal, near Guayos.
This is a large pale race, as large as if not larger than 7. (/.) bituberculatum giganteum, from which it is easily differentiated by being unicolor. The two races are also zoogeographically distinct.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535906, comes from Finca Angelina and has 5.4 whorls remaining. It measures: Height, 36.8 mm.; greater diameter, 18.6 mm,
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) BITUBERCULATUM CRASSUM, new subspecies PLATE 3, FicuREs 13-15 This subspecies comes from the southern mountain complex of
Santa Clara Province. We have it from Finca Pitajones, the Cara- cusey Valley, Trinidad; Loma de Gabino Galvez; Loma Esperanza
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 1y
and Las Damas near Guayos; Finca El Silencio and Cortinas de Veloso, Canttii; Loma Cariblanca, Fomento, Trinidad; and Loma Caja de Agua, Tuinict, Sancti Spiritus.
This race is large like /’. (7'.) bituberculatum gutierrezi, which it re- sembles in many ways but from which it differs by having the peri- stome very much intensified and in having the axial riblets decidedly reduced, almost obsolete on the last whorl.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535907, was collected by Prof. Pedro Guitart at Finca Pitajones, Trinidad. It has 4.6 whorls remaining and measures : Height, 32.8 mm.; greater diameter, 17.8 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SEMINUDUM (Poey)
Shell varying very greatly in size in the different subspecies. The shape is equally variable, ranging from elongate-turrited to ovate. The early whorls are orange-red, or brownish tinted, or even flesh colored. The last whorl] is dark reddish brown with a purplish tinge. Nuclear whorls about 1.5, small, well rounded, smooth. The post- nuclear whorls range from well rounded to inflated. The axial sculp- ture on the early whorls consists of quite regular and regularly spaced riblets. On the last turn these may evanesce or become intensified and irregular. Suture well constricted, rendered conspicuous by the slight shoulder at the summit of the whorls. Periphery well rounded. Base moderately openly umbilicated with a carina of varying strength limit- ing the umbilicus on the outside. Aperture subcircular; peristome greatly thickened and expanded on the outer, basal, and inner lip, narrow on the parietal portion, thin and sharp at the posterior edge. The peristome is somewhat protracted on the anterior columellar por- tion. Operculum typically farcimenid.
The species appears limited to Santa Clara Province, whence we are recognizing six subspecies:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SEMINUDUM
ast whorl almost Smooth 2s oes 21 es ey Dee ts STs aD magister Last whorl not smooth. Axial riblets very fine. shellilargzesheizhtmore thany2imine sae ee ee collare Shell.small, height less than, 22,mm- 2-2-2 2) ee poeyi Axial riblets not very fine. Axial ribs of last whorl irregular.
SS GTI Vick Gee Ses ee eee FD Oh a a lek seminudum Shel? elongate-cvatelates fhe eee ee eRe guitarti Axial ribs of lastswhorl motinregwlars 2525 sn ea ee ern Pe leoni
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SEMINUDUM MAGISTER, new subspecies PLATE 4, FiIcuRES 19-21
This subspecies comes from the mountains about Trinidad, Santa Clara Province. We have it from Nacimiento del Rio Caballero near Letran and from La Vigia.
18 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
It is easily distinguished from the other subspecies by its very large size and much smoother surface, in which respect it approaches F. (F.) seminudum poeyi.
The type, U.S.N.M No. 535914, which comes from Nacimiento del Rio Caballero, has 6.4 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 33.0 mm.; greater diameter, 15.4 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SEMINUDUM COLLARE (Pcey MSS.), new subspecies Piate 4, Ficures 7-9
This subspecies is rather widely distributed. It ranges from Corrallilo eastward along the hills of the north coast to the Sierra de Meneses, Santa Clara Province. We have it also from a few scattered places to the south of this range. Through this range we find considerable variation, not so much in size and general shape as in the strength of the peristome and the amount of its reflection over the umbilicus, which is also of variable width, sometimes being quite open. There is likewise considerable variation in the strength of the obsolete angle at the outer limitation of the umbilicus. Any of these characters, if constant, might suggest subspecific distine- tion, but in the present instance this is precluded because in the large series of specimens before us we find that the variations re- ferred to may be present in any of the population groups examined. Almost 60 lots, most of them representing a considerable series, are before us. The subspecies is much larger than F. (/.) seminudum poeyi, with which it shares the fine axial ribbing.
As a rule, in perfect specimens the early whorls are covered by a thin golden-yellow periostracum; the later whorls are dark, and by far the largest percentage of specimens are bicolor, though uni- color individuals are not rare.
The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535909, comes from La Cantarilla, San Juan de los Yeras, Santa Clara Province. It has 5.5 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 28.6 mm.; greater diameter, 14.7 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SEMINUDUM POEYI, new subspecies Pirate 4, FIGuRES 25-27
We have this subspecies from Loma de Santa Fé, Camajuani; San Juan de los Remedios, near Santa Clara; Orillas del Rio Cala- bazas, Placetas; Los Damas near Guayos; Central Mapos, west of Sabana, Sancti Spiritus.
This subspecies and F. (F.) s. collare are distinguished from all the others by having very fine, closely spaced axial riblets, which
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 19
are quite regular on the last turn. It differs from /. (F.) s. collare by its much smaller size.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535917, comes from Loma de Santa Fé. It has 6.5 whorls and measures: Height, 20.0 mm.; greater diameter, 11.8 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SEMINUDUM SEMINUDUM (Poey) PLATE 4, FIGURES 22-24
1854. Megalomastoma seminudum Pory, Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, vol. 1, pp. 405-406.
This subspecies comes from the region of Trinidad. We have it from La Vigia, Fomento, and Giiinia de Soto, and from Arroyo La Lima, Finca el Retiro, and Cagiieiras in Sancti Spiritus.
This race is small compared with /. (F.) seminudum magister, from which it is also readily distinguished by the irregularity of the axial riblets of the last whorl. It resembles most closely F. (¥.) seminudum guitarti, from which it differs in having the shell much more inflated.
The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535915, is one received from Poey without specific locality. It has 5.0 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Height, 22.8 mm.; greater diameter, 11.7 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SEMINUDUM GUITARTI, new subspecies PLATE 4, FI1GUREs 1-3
This subspecies was collected by Guitart at Finca Caimiabo, Sancti Spiritus. It is a small race, with the axial riblets on the last turn irregularly developed. It resembles most nearly the typical /. (F.) seminudum seminudum (Poey), from which it differs by its smaller size and much less inflated turns.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535916, has 5.2 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Height, 21.0 mm.; greater diameter, 10.4 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SEMINUDUM LEONI, new subspecies PLATE 4, Ficures 16-18
This subspecies was collected by Hermano Leén and Professor Gui- tart at Hornos de Cal, Vista Alegre, Sancti Spiritus, Santa Clara Province. It isa little smaller than /. (F.) seminudum magister and has the axial ribs more strongly developed. It is much larger than the other three subspecies here listed, differing also from F. (F.) semi- nudum poey? in having the axial ribs stronger and from the other two smaller races in having them regular on the last whorl.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535908, has 4.5 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Height, 25.4 mm.; greater diameter, 14.0 mm.
20 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) TORREI (Guitart)
PLATE 6, FIGURES 4-6
1936. Megalomastoma torrei Guirart, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. “Felipe Poey,” 1936, pp. 105-106, figs. 1, 2.
Shell very small, elongate-ovate. The early whorls are wax yellow with an orange flush, the last one being darker. The nuclear whorls are decollated. Postnuclear whorls rather well rounded, marked by slender, almost hairlike, slightly retractively curved axial riblets which are about one-third as wide as the spaces that separate them. These riblets become a little more distantly spaced on the last whorl. Suture well constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base slightly protracted, openly, moderately broadly umbilicated, the umbilical angle marked by an obsolete cord. Aperture circular; peristome thickened, except on the parietal wall, where it is much thinner. Operculum typically farcimenid.
The specimens in our collection are paratypes received from Guitart and were collected on the banks of the Rio Manajanabo. The speci- men described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535918, has 4.5 whorls re- maining and measures: Height, 16.9 mm.; greater diameter, 8.4 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) OBESUM, new species
Shell varying from medium size to large, pale chestnut-brown, with the peristome pale yellow. The nucleus consists of a little more than one turn, which is well rounded and smooth. Postnuclear whorls rather inflated, moderately well rounded, marked by almost vertical, gently curved axial riblets which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. Suture well impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base rather openly umbilicated with an obtuse carina marking the outer edge of the umbilicus. The umbilical wall is marked by the continuation of the axial riblets. Aperture circular, oblique, decidedly expanded; the peristome is broadly expanded, reflected, and decidedly thickened, somewhat auriculated at the posterior angle and also at the posterior portion of the inner lip, which does not touch the pre- ceding turn. Operculum typically farcimenid.
This species occupies the northeastern mountains of Santa Clara Province.
We are recognizing two subspecies, which the following key and descriptions will help to differentiate :
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) OBESUM
Diameter more than 17, mmo 8.) = ae obesum Diameter Tess scien ly) WN ee re subobesum
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA mk FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) OBESUM OBESUM, new subspecies PLATE 3, Fiacures 7-9
This race was collected by Bartsch on Loma Platero. It is much more gibbose than the smaller eastern race, /’. (7.) 0. subobesum. We have also seen specimens of it from Seibado de Yaguajay and from El Resbalillo, Cambao, Yaguajay, and Remedios.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535908, comes from Loma Platero. It has 4.5 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 31.4 mm.; greater diam- eter, 18.6 mm.
Bartsch described the animal of specimens collected on Loma Platero as being of a general pale pink tone with buffish snout. The whole body except the sole of the foot is covered with small flattened tubercles, which are marked by numerous fine white dots. Tentacles bright coral-red. Sole of foot pale pink.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) OBESUM SUBOBESUM, new subspecies
PLATE 3, FIGURES 19-21
This race ranges through the mogotes about Remedios and Yagua- jay. We have it from the Dos Sierras, Central San Agustin; Caicaje, Loma de Bueno Vista and the north slope of the Sierra de Meneses east of Yaguajay, also opposite Jungalito. It can be easily distin- guished from typical F. (/.) obesum obesum by its much smaller size and less gibbose form.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 516710, comes from the paredénes on the north side of the second mogote west of the gap in the Dos Sierras, Santa Clara Province. It has 6 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 28.1 mm.; greater diameter, 14.5 mm.
The specimens collected by Bartsch at the Central San Agustin and in the Sierra de Jatibonico, opposite Los Broquelles, were described by him as having the entire animal flesh colored with a rosy flush, with the tentacles bright coral-red. The papillae of the sides with numerous white dots.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) ALUTACEUM ([Menke] Pfeiffer)
Shell elongate-ovate, varying very greatly in size in the different subspecies. The early whorls are wax yellow; this changes to dull orange on the succeeding turns and finally to dull reddish brown, or dull plum purple on the last whorl. Peristome white with a yellow tinge. Interior of the aperture reddish brown. Nuclear whorls almost 2, strongly rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, the first marked by more or less regular, retractively slant-
22 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
ing axial riblets which on the succeeding whorls break up into shorter elements to form a very complex and irregular network of meshes, between which deep pits are present. The pittings rather than the meshes that enclose them catch one’s eye. Suture deeply constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base somewhat produced, openly umbili- cated, with the edge of the umbilicus more or less carinated, not pitted. Umbilical wall marked by lines of growth only. Aperture oval with the long axis oblique to that of the spire. Peristome de- cidedly expanded, thickened, and reflected, excepting the parietal portion, widest on the columella, more or less alate at the posterior part of the columella and outer lip. Operculum typically farcimenid.
This species is confined to the Trinidad Mountain complex of southern Santa Clara Province.
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) ALUTACEUM
Shell large, height about 30 mm__----___----------------_------- magnificum Shell medium: sized, height about 25 mm-=__-==_--____ "===" "== =__= alutaceum Shell small, height about 17 mm__---------------------------------- digitale
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) ALUTACEUM MAGNIFICUM, new subspecies PLATE 4, FicurEs 13-15
This subspecies occurs at Sopimpa, Santa Clara Province. The shell of this race is very large, agreeing in shape and sculpture with F. (F.) alutaceum alutaceum ({Menke] Pfeiffer) and F. (F.) alu- taceum digitale (Gundlach), from which it differs by a little weaker pitting on the last turn and by its gigantic size.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535898, has 5.3 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 30.8 mm.; greater diameter, 15.4 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) ALUTACEUM ALUTACEUM ([Menke] Pfeiffer) PLATE 4, FicurEs 10-12
1846. Cyclostoma alutaceum (Menke) Prerrrrr, Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 3, pp. 85-86.
We have this typical race from Quemado Feo, north of Trinidad. It is intermediate in size between F. (F.) alutaceum, magnificum and F. (F.) alutaceum digitale (Gundlach). It has the whorls a little less convex.
The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 585899, has 4.5 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 25.1 mm.; greater diameter, 13.3 mm.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 23 FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) ALUTACEUM DIGITALE (Gundlach) PLATE 4, FIGuRES 4-6 1857. Megalomastoma digitale GunpLACH, Malak. Blitter, vol. 4, p. 114.
We have this small race from Letrén and Puriales in Trinidad; Soledad near Cienfuegos; Ternero; and Sierra de San Juan, Santa Clara Province. The small size of this subspecies will easily differ- entiate it from the rest.
The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535900, comes from Letrén and has 5 whorls remaining. It measures: Height, 16.4 mm.; greater diameter, 10.1 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) ROCAI, new species PLATE 5, Ficures 13-15
Shell of medium size, the early whorls pale yellowish, the last chest- nut-brown; peristome yellowish white. The nucleus consists of a little more than one well-rounded smooth turn. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded and marked by irregular, slightly retractively curved, somewhat sinuous, poorly developed axial riblets, which branch and anastomose in an irregular manner. In addition to this there are fine irregular pittings suggesting those of #. (/.) alutaceum ([Menke] Pfeiffer). Suture well constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base sloping suddenly toward the obsolete carina that marks the outer edge of the open umbilicus. The umbilical wall is marked by the continuation of the incremental lines. Aperture cir- cular; peristome double, the outer decidedly expanded, thin at the edge, concave, turned up into conspicuous auricles at the posterior angle and at the posterior termination of the outer peristome of the inner lip. It is very narrow on the parietal wall, touching the pre- ceding whorl only in the middle. Operculum typically farcimenid.
The type, U. S. N. M. No. 535905, was collected by Father Roca at Cabezadas del Caracusey, which is between Trinidad and Sancti Spiritus, Santa Clara Province. It has 5.4 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 17.0 mm.; greater diameter, 15.8 mm.
The irregular sculpture and “worm-eaten” pittings suggest a close affinity with F. (F.) alutaceum, from which it can readily be dis- tinguished by the sharp-edged outer peristome, which lacks the heavy thickening characteristic of /. (F.) alutacewm. Prof. P. Guitart has also collected specimens of this at Cortinas de Corengue and Veguetas de Buenos Aires.
24 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) AURICULATUM (Orbigny)
Moderately large shells of very elongate-ovate outline. Early whorls flesh colored or orange in one race; the last or last two whorls purplish brown. Nuclear whorls about 1.3, small, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, appressed at the summit, marked by fairly regularly developed, slender, retractively curved axial riblets, which on the last whorl are almost sigmoid; these riblets are narrower than the spaces that separate them. In addition to this, the whorls show distantly, irregularly distributed, small, round pits suggestive of Ff. (f.) alutaceum ({Menke] Pfeiffer). Suture mod- erately constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base slightly pro- tracted, moderately openly umbilicated and marked like the spire. Aperture subcircular; peristome broadly expanded, except that of the parietal wall, much thickened, with the posterior edge of the reflection of the outer lip sharp. The peristome of the inner lip is decidedly produced, which lends to the aperture an earlike appear- ance, hence the name. It does not approach the preceding whorl but is separated from it by a large gap. A knoblike thickening may be present at the posterior termination of the peristome of both the inner and outer lip. Operculum typically farcimenid.
We are recognizing four subspecies, three of which appear confined to the southwest side of Santa Clara and southeast of Matanzas Provinces, while the fourth stretches from the north coast at Cardenas southward to Coliseo and San Miguel.
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) AURICULATUM
Peristome veryemuch thickened] 2) 22) Sess eee senectum Peristome not very much thickened. arly whorls Oranges. 22 =. 2. a See ee eee clenchi Early whorls pale. Shell large) height;more than; 29 mms sarees eee ee bicolor Shell smaller, heightiless: than (26mm 22" See auriculatum
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) AURICULATUM SENECTUM, new subspecies PLATE 5, FicuREs 16-18
Two specimens from Cayo Carenas, near Cienfuegos, collected by Henderson appear to be semifossil. They differ very greatly from the other subspecies in having the peristome enormously thickened and decidedly effused on the columellar side.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535911, has 5 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Height, 26.5 mm.; greater diameter, 14.1 mm.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 20
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) AURICULATUM CLENCHI, new subspecies PLATE 5, Figures 7-9
We have this subspecies from Colonia Guabairo, Central Soledad, Cienfuegos; and Hatiguanico, Cabo Zapata, Santa Clara Province. It is much larger than the typical F. (f.) auriculatum auriculatum (Orbigny) and much darker in coloration, the early whorls usually being deep orange or the next to the last rosy and the last plum colored.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535913, comes from Guabairo. It has 5.3 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 30.0 mm.; greater diameter, 14.7 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) AURICULATUM BICOLOR (Gould)
PLATE 5, Ficures 19-21
1844. Cyclostoma auriculatum bicolor GovuLp, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, cover p. 494.
This race centers around Coliseo; we have it also from Los Chivos, Cimarrones, near Cardenas, Matanzas Province. It resembles most nearly the typical race in shape, sculpture, and coloration, also in the shape of the aperture, but it is uniformly larger.
The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535912, was collected by Bartsch on the steep paredénes west of the pass at Coliseo. It has 7.8 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 30.3 mm.; greater diameter, 14.0 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) AURICULATUM AURICULATUM (Orbigny) PLATE 5, FicurEes 1-3
1842. Cyclostoma auriculatum Orpteny, in Sagra’s Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de l’Ile de Cuba, vol. 1, p. 257, pl. 22, figs. 1, 2.
1851. Cyclostoma solenatum PorEy, Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, vol. 1, pl. 7, figs. 17, 18.
1852. Oyclostoma idolum (Férussac MS.) Premrer, Monographia pneumono- pomorum viventium, vol. 1, p. 180.
We have seen this subspecies from the following localities: Zara- banda and Yaguaramas, Santa Clara Province. It differs from F. (F.) auriculatum bicolor (Gould), with which it agrees most closely, in the shape of the aperture and in being much smaller; it is less dark in color than Ff. (7.) auwriculatum clenchi.
The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535910, which comes from Zarabanda, has 6.0 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 25.0 mm. ; greater diameter, 12.7 mm.
26 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) TORTUM (Wood) PLATE 5, FiaurEs 10-12, 22-24
1828. Turbo tortus Woop, Index testaceologicus, ed. 2, Suppl., p. 20, fig. 32.
1828. Cyclostoma tortum Woon, ibid., p. 36, pl. 6, fig. 32.
1851. Cyclostoma apertum Pory. Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, vol. 1, pl. 7, figs. 15, 16.
1854. Megalomastoma apertum Poey, ibid., p. 405.
Shell of medium size, elongate-ovate. Early whorls wax yellow, turning to brown on the last turn. Peristome white. Nuclear whorls 1.7, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, the early ones marked by very regular, very closely spaced, hairlike axial riblets, which evanesce on the last turn. Faint indications of spiral lirations are also present. Suture strongly constricted, rendered con- spicuous by the very narrowly shouldered summit of the whorls. The last whorl is rather long, bounded anteriorly by a low rounded carina, which marks the outer edge of the moderately broad open umbilicus. The umbilical wall is marked by axial threads, which are stronger here than on the outside of the last turn. Aperture oblique, subcircular; peristome very much thickened, reflected, nar- rower on the parietal wall and the columella. Operculum typically farcimenid.
The two specimens figured, U.S.N.M. No. 516857, came from Los Palos, Nueva Paz, Habana Province. They were collected by Arango. One, a complete specimen, has 6.5 whorls; the other has 5.2 whorls remaining. They measure, respectively: Height, 27.0, 23.5 mm.; greater diameter, 14.0, 18.9 mm.
There are 38 lots in the collection of the United States National Museum, all of which fall within the range mentioned above.
Wood’s small figure has caused endless confusion. Most authors believed that it represented what we are here calling Farcimen pseudo- tortum, which occupies a region of eastern Cuba that was not explored in 1828. The aperture as figured by Wood is not quite normal for F. apertum Poey, a common species in Habana Province, but speci- mens with the characters here depicted are not infrequent. The swollen, overhanging middle whorl is also of not infrequent occur- rence in F. apertum Poey, all of which leads us to believe that F. tortum is without question Farcimen apertum Poey, which name it must replace.
In 1851 Poey (loc. cit.) gave two figures of what he called Cyclos- toma apertum. Evidently through correspondence with Pfeiffer he was led to believe that his figures represented a variety of F. auricu- latum, for in 1854 (doc. cit.) he states that the figures were bad. Here
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA Zh
he gives a description of the shell and cites the south coast of Cuba as the home of the species. He also mentiones the ingenio (sugar mill) of Don J. Poey near Alacranes as a source of some of his material.
We believe that Poey’s figures are not at all bad, that they repre- sent quite well the species that occurs abundantly between Habana and Matanzas. Many specimens distributed by Poey with the name Megalomastoma apertum belong to this species and add additional support to our conclusion. Also, Gundlach, in Pfeiffer (Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 8, p. 122, 1856), describes the animal of M/egalomastoma apertum and cites therewith Loma de Camoa as the first definite lo- cality for the species, which we shall consider the restricted type designation. A translation of Gundlach’s description of the animal is as follows:
Animal beautiful rose-red with coral-red antennae, small black eyes on the outer bases of the short antennae. In moving about the head is projected very slowly about two lines beyond the shell and the shell is then rapidly drawn after it. The caudal portion does not project beyond the operculum.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUNDLACHI (Pfeiffer)
Medium-sized shells with the early whorls wax color or a little dusky; the later turns considerably darker, in some cases even plum colored. Nuclear whorls small, a little more than 2, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls inflated, rather strongly rounded, marked by mere incremental lines or slender riblets, which vanish on the middle of the turns and are most emphasized on the posterior portion. There are faint indications of spiral hair lines. These may be mere color markings. Suture moderately well constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base protracted, openly umbilicated with a strongly rounded carina marking the outer limit of the umbilicus. Aperture almost circular; peristome broadly expanded and reflected except on the inner lip, which is narrower and adnate to the preced- ing turn. Operculum typically farcimenid.
The species is confined to the eastern end of Pinar del Rio and the western part of Habana Provinces where three races are recognizable.
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUNDLACHI
Axinerinlets obsolete :.. <2 ke nee Ad eS ae ek ee ee gundlachi Axial riblets not obsolete. Shell’-smaill: heizht less'than 20 mm eee gundlachiellum
Shelldarger; height more) than) 22; mma 2) ae ee ee anafense
28 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUNDLACHI GUNDLACHI (Pfeiffer) PLATE 6, FIGURES 22-24
1856. Megalomastoma gundlachi Pretrrer, Malak. Blitter, vol. 3, pp. 48, 121. 1857. Megalomastoma gundlachi Prrirrer, Noy. Conch., vol. 1, p. 96, pl. 26,
figs. 20-22.
Henderson and Bartsch collected this subspecies at various places in the Cuzco Mountain complex. For example, El Mulo; the upper reaches of the Rio Hondo; Pefia Blanca (El Huro) ; Lomas de Cuzco; and Salto de Manantiales. The typical subspecies is remarkably smooth, with scarcely any indication of riblets at the summit, in which respect it differs from F. (#.) gundlachi gundlachiellum, which has slight ribbing on the posterior half of the turns.
The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535920, comes from Loma del Cuzco (El Mulo). It has 7.0 whorls and measures: Height, 24.3 mm.; greater diameter, 11.0 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUNDLACHI GUNDLACHIELLUM, new subspecies Puats 6, Ficures 1-3
We have this small race from the mountains north of Candelaria, such as El Taburete, Cayajabos, and Mogote Soton. Its smaller size will readily distinguish it from the other two subspecies.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535924, coming from El Taburete, Caya- jabos, has 5.1 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 19.6 mm.; greater diameter, 10.8 mm.
Bartsch describes the animal of this subspecies, which he collected at Soton on a hillside west of Taburete, June 11, 1928, as follows: Animal flesh colored with a pinkish suffusion. The tentacles in some specimens are a trifle pinker than the general tone of the body; in others they are coral-red. Eyes black, situated at the outer base of the tentacles.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUNDLACHI ANAFENSE, new subspecies
PLATE 6, Figures 25-27
This subspecies appears to be restricted to the Sierra de Anafe. We have a lot from Guanajay, Pinar del Rio Province, however, which agrees in every way with it. It resembles most nearly the typical race but is easily distinguished from that by having the axial ribs of the early whorls much finer and more closely spaced. The last whorl is also smoother.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535923, comes from Loma de Anafe. It has 7.0 whorls and measures: Height, 22.3 mm.; greater diameter, 11.0 mm.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 29 FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) LEONINUM (Pfeiffer)
Shell varying from small to medium sized, elongate-ovate, usually wax yellow or with the last whorl much darker, even plum colored. Nuclear whorls about 2, quite small, well rounded, smooth. Post- nuclear whorls somewhat inflated, weil rounded, marked by slightly sinuous axial riblets, which vary materially in spacing and develop- ment in the two races here recognized. Suture moderately con- stricted. Periphery well rounded. Base protracted, marked by an obsolete carina at the junction with the umbilicus, which is moder- ately open. Aperture subcircular; peristome thickened and reflected, fairly uniform in size excepting that of the parietal wall, which is much narrower and adnate to the preceding turn. Operculum typi- cally farcimenid.
The species is confined to the central part of Pinar del Rio Prov- ince. We are recognizing two subspecies, which the following key will help to differentiate:
KEY TO SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) LEONINUM
Shelislarce: height more chane24 mm Ses ee eee eee leoninum Shellysmallsnerent jess) than’ 24) mms ie ee eee leonellum
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) LEONINUM LEONINUM (Pfeiffer)
PLATE 5, FIGURES 25-27
1856. Megalomastoma leoninum PFEIFFER, Malak. Blitter, vol. 3, pp. 48, 122. 1857. Megalomastoma leoninum PFEIFFER, Nov. Conch., vol. 1, p. 97, pl. 26, figs. 23-25.
This medium-sized race comes from the higher reaches about Rangel. The axial ribs are comparatively strong and rather dis- tantly spaced, particularly upon the early whorls. Its larger size will easily differentiate this subspecies from F. (F.) leoninum leonellum.
The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535922, comes from the coffee plantation on the summit of Rangel. It has 5.4 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 25.0 mm.; greater diameter, 12.5 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) LEONINUM LEONELLUM, new subspecies PLaTH 5, Fiacurrs 46
We have this subspecies from San José, Rangel; Sierra de Limones, and also from a station on the road between Rangel and Guajaibon. Jt differs from the typical race in being considerably smaller and darker colored and in having the anterior portion of the whorls only slightly ribbed.
428349—42—_3
30 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535921, which comes from San José, Rangel, has 5.4 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 20.3 mm.; greater diameter, 10.3 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) MANI (Poey) PLATE 6, Ficures 16-18
1851. Cyclostoma mani Pory, Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, vol. 1, pl. 7, figs. 19-22. 1854. Megalomastoma mani PorY, ibid., pp. 404-405.
Shell moderately large, elongate-ovate, wax colored throughout, or with the last whorl brownish or even purplish. Peristome pale yellow. Nuclear whorls about 1.7, small, well rounded, smooth. Post- nuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, and marked on the early turns by closely spaced, slender axial riblets, which are as fine as hairs. On the middle whorl these become quite reduced and on the later ones obsolete. Suture rather strongly constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base slightly protracted, narrowly umbilicated, with an obsolete carina marking the outer edge of the umbilicus. Aperture subcircular; peristome broadly expanded, particularly so on the inner lip, where it is decidedly produced, a little narrower on the parietal wall, where it is adnate to the preceding turn.
The specimen described and figured, a topotype, U.S.N.M. No. 535925, was received from Poey. It has 7.3 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 26.1 mm.; greater diameter, 13.5 mm.
This species comes from the general region of Rangel and the Santa Cruz River, and extends northward to Rancho Lucas in the Mount Guajaibon region.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) VENTRICOSUM (Orbigny) PLATE 6, Fiaures 13-15
1842. Cyclostoma ventricosa Orpieny, in Sagra’s Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de l’Ile de Cuba, vol. 1, p. 256, pl. 21, fig. 18.
Shell ovate, decidedly inflated, pale orange. Nuclear whorls 1.5, small, well rounded, smooth. The postnuclear whorls increase very rapidly, inflated, strongly rounded and marked on the early whorls by fine, almost hairlike, retractively curved axial riblets, which on the first turn are very distantly spaced, while on the succeeding turns they become decidedly closely approximated, being separated on the second turn by spaces about as wide as the riblets. On the last three turns they are obsolete or rather replaced by irregular and irregu- larly distributed incremental lines. The summit of the whorls is slightly narrowly shouldered, which renders the suture rather con-
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 31
spicuous. Periphery inflated, strongly rounded. Base short, well rounded, with a rounded carina marking the outer edge of the open umbilicus. Aperture almost circular; peristome rather broadly ex- panded, thickened, and marked by concentric lines of growth of about equal width, except that of the parietal wall, which is much narrower. Operculum typically farcimenid.
This species is restricted to Pan de Guajaibén, where it is very abundant about Hato Sagua. The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535928, is one of a large series collected by Henderson and Bartsch. It has 7.8 whorls and measures: Height, 29.3 mm.; greater diameter, 17.2 mm.
This species is easily distinguished from all other Farcimens by its stout, short, decidedly inflated form.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUBVENTRICOSUM, new species
Shell varying greatly in form in the different subspecies; in some it is elongate-ovoid; in others, elongate-conic. In color the shells vary from soiled wax color to pale orange to pale brown; they may be unicolor or darker on the later turns, and the last may even be purplish plum colored. Nuclear whorls almost 2, small, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded. In one sub- species they are marked by rather strong, well-defined axial ribs on all but the last turn. In others, the axial riblets are in the form of hair lines on the early turns, evanescing shortly thereafter. Suture constricted to a varying degree in the different races. Periphery well rounded. Base moderately produced in all the races, moderately broadly openly umbilicated with a rounded carina at the outer limit of the umbilicus. Aperture subcircular; peristome moderately ex- panded, decidedly thickened and reflected, protracted on the columel- lar wall and decidedly narrowed on the parietal wall and marked by concentric lines of growth. Operculum typically farcimenid.
This species ranges from the Rio San Diego north of San Diego de los Bafos, through the Organos Mountains to Pan de Guajaibén, through the Sierra Chiquita, west through the Sierra de Galalén and Sierra de Pico Chico; the Sierra de San Andrés to Vifiales.
We are recognizing three subspecies, which the following key will help to distinguish:
KEY TO SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUBVENTRICOSUM
Axial -ribletsirather:strongsdse ssaleien ten wiyoe aA EY oh multistriatinum Axial riblets not strong. HEMP STEN Gert: teat WORT aye ened cp iterbeal Cit 2 ge Olga a eae le te si aia! balneorum
SHEMFESCO pea ee NON a CON RE RN is WR RiNL eS ot subventricosum
32 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES) NATIONAL MUSEUM FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUBVENTRICOSUM MULTISTRIATINUM, new subspecies
PLATE 6, Ficures 19-21
This race appears to extend from Los Lagunitas, near the Sierra de Galalén to San José and to certain of the mogotes of the San Diego de los Bafos complex. It is easily differentiated from the others by having rather strong regular axial riblets on all but the last whorl.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535934, comes from Los Lagunitas. It has 6.2 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 31.5 mm.; greater diam- eter, 15.8 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUBVENTRICOSUM BALNEORUM, new subspecies
PLATE 6, Ficgures 10-12
This race occupies the mogotes and mountainsides bordering the Rio San Diego, north of San Diego de los Banos, apparently on both sides of the river. It is a smaller and slenderer race than /. (/.) sub- ventricosum multistriatinum. Italso has the ribbing merely indicated.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535935, comes from the Cueva de los Indios on the east bank of the Rio San Diego. It has 8 whorls and measures: Height, 28.2 mm.; greater diameter, 12.8 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUBVENTRICOSUM SUBVENTRICOSUM, new subspecies
PLATE 6, FicurEs 7-9
This subspecies extends from Pan de Guajaibén westward through the Organos Mountains to Viniales. It is a subventricose race whose whorls are narrowly shouldered at the summit and whose axial sculp- ture is reduced to mere lines of growth. It somewhat suggests /. (/.) ventricosum (Orbigny), but is easily distinguished from that species by its less inflated form. It differs from the other subspecies by its more inflated form and less strong sculpture.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535933, comes from the northeast end of Pan de Guajaibén. It has 6.5 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 30.3 mm.; greater diameter, 15.7 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) VINALENSE, new species
Shell elongate-conic, varying materially in outline, unicolor, wax colored or pale orange or with the last whorl much darker, even plum colored; peristome white or pale yellow. Nuclear whorls two, well rounded, smooth. The early postnuclear whorls are marked by slen- der, rather feebly developed axial threads, which vary materially in spacing in the two subspecies. The succeeding whorls are inflated, strongly rounded and marked by less strong threads, which gradually grow weaker and evanesce on the last whorl. Suture strongly con-
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 33
stricted. Base moderately prolonged, bounded by a rounded carina at the junction with the open umbilicus. Aperture almost circular; peristome broadly expanded, thickened, and reflected, broadest on the columellar wall where it is protracted, narrowest on the parietal wall; peristome is marked by concentric lines of growth. Operculum typi- cally farcimenid.
We are recognizing two subspecies. which the following key will help to differentiate :
KEY TO SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) VINALENSE
Shell) elongait Ge 4- Booe. ots. s co rhe tions Mew ate eT ed oes ev ohn te ihe vinalense SHV UT er 0 6 ge or ee tee i aT a ES Fa er scopulorum
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) VINALENSE VINALENSE, new subspecies PLATE 7, Ficures 4-6
This subspecies ranges about the region of Vifiales. We have it from the Ensenada de los Bafios; the valley east of Bafos de San Vicente; Cueva de las Delicias, Sierra de Vifales; the paredén of the Puerta del Ancén; Sierra de la Chorrera and Hoyo de Jaruco. It is a decidedly narrow race, of almost cylindric outline, with very rounded whorls, which readily distinguish it from the more regu- larly conic F. (F.) vinalense scopulorum.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535929, comes from the Ensenada de los Banos. It has 8 whorls and measures: Height, 28.8 mm.; greater diameter, 14.1 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) VINALENSE SCOPULORUM, new subspecies PLATE 7, FIGuRES 7-9
We have this subspecies from the mogotes around Kilometer 14 between Pinar del Rio and Vinales, also from the mogotes adjacent to the road between Vinales and the Puerta del Ancon, for example: The Mogotes de la Vega, Capon, Coco Solo, Puertecitas, Trujillo, Palmarito, Zacarias, Dinamita, Rojas, Cuajani, Rinconada, and Vigil. This race differs from typical F. (f.) vinalense vinalense in being smaller, less elongated, more conic, and stouter and in having the whorls slightly less rounded.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535930, comes from the mogote on the northeast side of the road at Kilometer 14, between Pinar del Rio and Vinales. It has 8 whorls and measures: Height, 27.3 mm.; greater diameter 14.4 mm.
Dr. Joseph P. E. Morrison has dissected specimens of this sub- species and has furnished us with the following description based upon alcoholic material, No. 6674, collected by Bartsch on Mogote de la Dinamita.
34 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
The foot is short, oval, with undivided sole. The snout is of medium length, tapering, conical, truncate at the tip. The tentacles are short, slightly tapering, but blunt at their tips. The eyes are small, borne on slight prominences at the outer base of the tentacles.
The verge is conspicuous in male individuals. It is attached on the side of the neck, lateral to the right tentacle, and furnished only with a seminal groove. The verge is basally somewhat flattened, and a little swollen in appearance, gradually tapered to a subcylindrical glandular portion near the tip. The seminal groove begins at the opening of the vas deferens and extends diagonally across the body surface to the posterior basal point of attachment of the verge, and continues on the under or posterior side of the verge, to the narrowly rounded tip. Ordinarily the terminal part of the verge is looped or folded upon itself, along the side of the foot.
The jaw is composed of two triangular pieces hinged together dorsally. The median edge of each jaw is thickened into an obscure ridge which projects as a distinct cutting point, on the free edge of the jaw. The surface of the jaw is marked with diagonal striations (or rows of diamond-shaped scalelike elements) ; running nearly for- ward at the median line, these extend over the ridge, where they gradually change direction, to extend diagonally to the cutting edge.
The radula has the characteristic formula of the family Cyclo- phoridae. The central is tricuspid, much higher than wide. The lateral is tricuspid, oblique, the central cusp much larger than the other two. The inner marginal is somewhat oblique, and bears three cusps, the middle one twice as long as the two smaller ones. The shorter, outer marginal tooth bears only two subequal cusps on its cutting edge.
The reduction of cusps to two on the outer marginal tooth appears to be characteristic of the genus Farcimen.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUPERBUM, new species
Shell large, rather stout, very elongate-ovate. Early whorls wax yellow, gradually turning darker, the major tint being chestnut- brown; the last whorl may even be purplish. Nuclear whorls about 2, small, well-rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded ; the early ones marked by slender, well-elevated axial riblets, which are rather distantly spaced. These riblets evanesce, and on the last two turns they are indicated as mere lines of growth. Suture strongly constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base rather short, well rounded, moderately broadly openly umbilicated, with a rounded carina at the outer termination of the umbilical wall. Aperture circu- lar; peristome decidedly thickened and reflected, produced on the middle of the columella wall, and much narrower and somewhat sinu-
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA a
ous on the parietal wall, where it is adnate to the preceding turn. Operculum typically farcimenid.
We are recognizing two subspecies, which the following key will differentiate :
KEY TO SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUPERBUM
Shellglarce shershinabpoubl oOsm Mae ae ee re superbum Shell§smaiiler, height about/Z26.mme2_ = eee itinerarium
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUPERBUM SUPERBUM, new subspecies PLATE 7, FIGURES 28-30
This subspecies occurs on the mountains forming the rim of Los Acostas and Luis Lazo and extends from there eastward on the north side through Pan de Azticar and Costanera del Abra to the Costanera de San Vicente. On the south side it extends through Isabel Maria to the Sierra del Infierno. This race differs from F. (F.) swperbum itinerarium in being much larger with the whorls more inflated and more rounded.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535931, comes from the Sierra de los Acos- tas, Luis Lazo, Pinar del Rio. It has 8 whorls and measures: Height, 32.5 mm.; greater diameter, 16.5 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUPERBUM ITINERARIUM, new subspecies
PLATE 7, FieuRES 10-12
This subspecies extends from the Potrerito at Luis Lazo, through the mogotes bordering the road from there to Sumidero, Cabezas and Tsabel Maria, in Pinar del Rio Province.
It is smaller than the typical race and is more inclined to have the last whorl] purplish.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535932, comes from Potrerito. It has 7.1 whorls and measures: Height, 26.6 mm.; greater diameter, 14.1 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) HENDERSONI, new species
Shell of medium size, elongate-ovate, varying in color on the early whorls from flesh colored to pale chestnut-brown, while the later turns are always darker; they may be unicolor, but usually tend toward purplish plum colored. Nuclear whorls about 2, small, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, marked in the one race by rather strong, retractively curved axial riblets; the other is almost without these. Suture quite strongly constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base only moderately pro- duced, openly moderately umbilicated. Aperture circular; peri- stome very much thickened and reflected, marked by concentric lines
36 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
of growth, produced on the columella and much narrower on the parietal wall than on the rest. Operculum typically farcimenid.
We are recognizing two subspecies, which the following key will help to distinguish:
KEY TO SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) HENDERSONI
Acetic hare Let ter Orn ee a catalinense Asal riblets obsolete. 2-2 2s) sane ee eee hendersoni
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) HENDERSONI CATALINENSE, new subspecies
PLATE 7, FIGURES 22-24
This race comes from La Catalina north of San Diego de los Bafios. We also have it from La Cumbre and Hato Caimito west of Pan de Guajaibén, Pinar del Rio Province. This is smaller than typical F. (F.) hendersoni and has very pronounced, distantly spaced, slender riblets, which are present even on the last turn.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535937, comes from Cayito de la Catalina. It has 5.5 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 22.8 mm.; greater diameter, 11.0 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) HENDERSONI HENDERSONI, new subspecies
Puate 7, Figures 138-15
This subspecies has a rather wide distribution, extending from Paso Real through Teneria de Guane, through La Murrallia eastward to Giiira de Luis Lazo; Lagunillas; Mogote del Cerro de Cabras to Cayo San Felipe; Consolacion del Sur and Entronque Herradura, Pinar del Rio Province. On the north side it extends through Mogote Pan de Azticar, the valley east of Bafios de San Vicente through La Mina and Bella Maria, Pinar del Rio Province. This race is a little larger than F. (F.) hendersoni catalinense and has the whorls almost smooth, while catalinense has them strongly ribbed.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535936, comes from the Mogote del Cerro de Cabras. It has 7.1 whorls and measures: Height, 24.0 mm.; greater diameter, 12.3 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) ARANGOI, new species
PLATE 7, FIacuRES 16-18
Shell very small, ovate. Nuclear whorls decollated. Postnuclear whorls very strongly inflated, rounded, and marked by slender, re- tractively curved axial riblets, which grow irregular and less dif- ferentiated on the last turn. Suture strongly constricted. Base
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA ay
short, inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by an obsolete keel at the outer rim of the umbilicus. Aperture circular; peristome only moderately expanded, reflected, and slightly produced on the basal lip, a little wider on the columellar wall than on the rest, almost as wide on the parietal wall as on the outer lip. The operculum is not known.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535938, was collected by Arango at La Caja, Pinar del Rio Province. It has 5.4 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 16.1 mm.; greater diameter, 8.3 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUANENSE, new species
Shell elongate-ovate. Nuclear whorls white, the rest pale orange, or the last whorl may even be partly or wholly brilliant orange or purplish. Nuclear whorls 1.5, small, well rounded, smooth. Post- nuclear whorls well rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit, the first three marked by slender, well-raised, rather closely spaced, and retractively slanting axial riblets, while on the remaining turns these become obsolete or are merely indicated near the summit. Suture well constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base protracted, openly umbilicated, marked by a rounded carina at the umbilical junc- tion. Aperture circular; peristome rather broadly expanded and re- flected, protracted on the columella, narrower on the parietal wall and marked by concentric lines of growth. Operculum typically farcimenid.
We are recognizing two subspecies, which the following key will help to differentiate :
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUANENSE
Suenllarse abort 25 Mim Nigh. 2s see er) a bed ERA TO guanense Shellsmall)aboute23 smn, (hig ee eee ee eee ee eee lagunillense
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUANENSE GUANENSE, new subspecies PLATE 7, FIGURES 1-3
This race comes from the region of Guane. We have it from the caves of the mogotes on the south side of the road opposite the Sierra de Guane; Los Portales; La Murrallia; and from the mogote at Punta de la Sierra, Pinar del Rio Province. It is distinguished from F. (F.) guanense lagunillense by being much larger, more elongate and with a more protracted base.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535926, from Guane, has 7.6 whorls and measures: Height, 29.2 mm.; greater diameter, 13.4 mm.
\
38 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUANENSE LAGUNILLENSE, new subspecies
PLATE 7, FrcurEs 19-21
This small race was collected by Wright at Lagunillas in the Dis- trict of San Juan Martinez, Pinar del Rio Province. It differs from the typical race in being much smaller, having the last whorl pro- tracted, and having the basal two-thirds of the last whorl orange col- ored or darker.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535927, has 6.4 whorls remaining and meas- ures: Height, 23.0 mm.; greater diameter, 12.1 mm.
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) PROCER (Poey) PLATE 7, Figures 25-27
1852. Cyclostoma tortum var, Pory, Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, vol. 1, pl. 18, figs. 12-18.
1854. Megalomastoma procer PoEY, ibid., p. 404.
1856. Megalomastoma complanatum PFEIFFER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 24,
p. 36.
Shell rather large, pale chestnut-brown with an olivaceous flush; the early whorls lighter and the last one darkest. Peristome white; interior of the aperture reflecting the external coloration. Nuclear whorls almost 2, small, well rounded, smooth. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded and marked by slightly retractively curved, slender, hairlike axial riblets on the early turns, which grow less strong on the succeeding whorls and become obsolete on the last. Suture slightly constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base somewhat produced, with an obsolete shoulder at the outer margin of the moderately wide- open umbilicus. Aperture subcircular; peristome broadly expanded, widest on the inner lip, thick, reflected. The posterior portion of the expanded lip almost touches the preceding turn and largely hides the umbilicus when viewed squarely. The peristome on the parietal wall is exceedingly narrow. Operculum typically farcimenid.
This species comes from the Isle of Pines, where we collected it in large numbers on the Sierra de Casas, Sierra de Caballus, Sierra de Colombo, and the Morrillo del Diablo. In the latter place they appear to be a trifle smaller.
The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535939, was col- lected by Bartsch at the northwestern part of the Sierra de Casas. It has almost 7 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 32.7 mm.; greater diameter, 15.9 mm.
APEROSTOMINAE, new subfamily
Cyclophorid mollusks having a helicoid shell and an operculum bearing calcifications on its external surface.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 39 Genus CROCIDOPOMA Shuttleworth
1857. Crocidopoma SHUTTLEWORTH, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 5, pp. 271-272. 1891. Crocidopoma CrossE, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 39, p. 160. (Type, Crocidopoma jfloccosum (Shuttleworth).)
This genus embraces small aperostomid mollusks whose whorls are marked by strong spiral cords and whose operculum bears a strongly elevated and outwardly reflected calcified lamella. The basal chondroid plate extends beyond the turns of the calcified lamella and breaks up on the outside into slender, thin, fluted, and striated fimbriations.
Type: Cyclostoma (Cyclotus) floccosum Shuttleworth=Croci- dopoma (Crocidopoma) floccosum (Shuttleworth).
The genus appears to be confined to Cuba and Hispaniola. It breaks up into two subgenera, the typical one of which, Crocidopoma, is con- fined to Hispaniola, while Cyclocubana is restricted to Cuba.
KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF CROCIDOPOMA
Fimbriations of chondroid plate extending above edge of calcareous
lamellae Sete Se Meeks ses ee ere ee renee a Crocidopoma Fimbriations of chondroid plate not extending above edge of cal- CATEOUS seam el cy ese aaah Bae a Ee Cyclocubana
CYCLOCUBANA, new subgenus
In this subgenus the fimbriations of the outer edge of the chondroid basal plate extend but little if at all beyond the outer edge of the calcareous lamella.
Type: Cyclotus perdistinctus Gundlach=Crocidopoma (Cyclocu- bana) perdistinctum (Gundlach).
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS CYCLOCUBANA
Shebiplanorpoidyse 2tis ithe ON i eA ed Oo UL Oe perdistinctum Shelividepressedshelicoidy se wet 55 eee ees yest del peter hel sped ysl 5 gundlachi
CROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) PERDISTINCTUM (Gundlach)
Shell planorboid, horn colored. Nuclear whorls about 1.5. Post- nuclear whorls very strongly rounded, circular in cross-section with strongly channeled suture, marked by well-raised spiral lirations vary- ing in number in the different subspecies. The axial sculpture con- sists of incremental lines. The last whorl may or may not be solute. Operculum typical of that of the subgenus.
This species differs from Crocidopoma (Cyclocubana) gundlachi in having the spire very depressed; in the latter, it is depressed-heli- coid. We are recognizing two subspecies:
40 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) PERDISTINOTUM
Spiral cords ‘at: peristomie 242022) ee ee ee tes toroense Spirallicords) at; peristome) 322 2a ae ee eee perdistinctum
CROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) PERDISTINCTUM TOROENSE, new subspecies
PLATE 8, Figures 10-12
Shell planorboid. Nuclear whorls 1.5, strongly rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls very much rounded, circular in cross section, marked by strongly elevated spiral cords, which are of almost equal strength and are separated by spaces about three times as wide as the cords. Of these cords 9 occur between the summit and the periphery and 15 upon the remainder of the shell. The axial sculpture consists of incremental lines and somewhat rough resting spaces. Suture very deeply openly channeled. The last whorl is solute for about one-twentieth of a turn. Base very broadly openly umbilicated. Operculum as described for the subgenus.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 355777, was collected by Gundlach at Monte Toro, Guantanamo, Oriente Province. It has 4 whorls and measures: Height, 4.2 mm.; greater diameter, 10.2 mm.; lesser diam- eter, 6.9 mm.
The lesser number of spiral cords will differentiate this from typical O.(C.) perdistinctum perdistinctum (Gundlach).
CROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) PERDISTINCTUM PERDISTINCTUM (Gundlach) PLATE 8, FiaurES 13-15 1858. Cyclotus perdistinctus GUNDLACH, Malak, Blitter, vol. 5, pp. 192-193.
Shell small, planorboid, thin, wax colored, with a greenish tinge. Nuclear whorls 1.5, well rounded, smooth, the last half turn showing the merest beginning of the spiral sculpture of the succeeding turns, forming a very slightly elevated apex. Postnuclear whorls circular in cross section, marked by strongly elevated, slender spiral cords, which increase in number with the growth of the shell by intercalation. On the first postnuclear turn 4 of these cords are present on the spire ; on the second, 7 between the summit and the periphery, while on the last turn 31 can be counted in the circle of the peristome of the aper- ture. These spiral cords vary in strength, depending upon whether they represent intercalated elements or the major cord. They are never so wide as the spaces that separate them and rarely wider than one-half of the spaces. In addition to the spiral sculpture the shell is marked by slender incremental lines, which render the free edge of the cord slightly roughened. The last twentieth of a turn is solute. The underside shows a broad open umbilicus more or less funnel
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 41
shaped, which shows all the whorls within. The inside of the oper- culum is convex, slightly calcified, showing all the turns, and the outside shows 10 turns of an oblique, outward-turned, calcified lamella, which is marked by slender striations, the turns of the lamella overlapping each other somewhat like shingles on a roof, leaving, however, a narrow space between them.
The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535776, was col- lected at San Andrés, near Reuter, Oriente Province by Dr. Ramsden, who has furnished information showing that this falls well within Gundlach’s concept of Jurisdiccién, Cuba, his type locality. It has 4.1 turns and measures: Height, 4.4 mm; greater diameter, 11.0 mm; lesser diameter, 7.6 mm.
A translation of Gundlach’s statement relative to the animal of this species follows: I am using here the generic name C'yclotus because I consider the species more nearly related to Megalomastoma than Cyclo- stoma. The animal is very similar to that of Megalomastoma, as well as its mode of life under decaying leaves in the dark forest at the sugar plantation Felicitas in the region of Enramada. The animal is bright rose-red, with the head a little darker within, the antennae are cinnabar red and the forehead crossed by wrinkles. In crawling the always very dirty shell is carried almost perpendicular.
CROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) GUNDLACHI, new species
Shell depressed-helicoid, horn colored. Nuclear whorls about 1.5, vell rounded, smooth; postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, circular in cross section, with strongly channeled suture. The postnuclear whorls are marked by narrow, strongly elevated spiral cords, which vary in number in the different subspecies and which increase in num- ber by intercalation as the shell increases in size. The spaces between the spiral cords are wider than the spiral cords and they, as well as the cords, are crossed by incremental lines. Periphery well rounded; base broadly, openly umbilicated, and marked like the spire; the same sculpture extends into the umbilical wall. The last portion of the last whorl may be adnate to the preceding turn or slightly solute. The operculum is typically that of the subgenus.
The species occupies the mountain area of Oriente Province. We are recognizing three subspecies:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) GUNDLACHI
Spiral cordsrless than! 255 eesaee yet eee a OE ee ee ignotum Spiral cords more than 30. Greater diameter! more than 0 imme se 42 hes eee ee Bee See gundlachi
Greater diameterless) than Oimmeso) ee oS ee oe wrighti
42 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) GUNDLACHI IGNOTUM, new subspecies PLATE 8, Figures 7-9
In the Evezard collection of the National Museum there are two specimens of a subspecies for which we have no specific locality. They are distinguished from the rest of the material at hand and agree per- fectly with each other. We are, therefore, reluctantly bestowing a sub- specific name upon them.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 585775, has 4.3 whorls and shows at the aper- ture 10 spiral cords between the summit and the suture, 7 on the base and 7 on the umbilical wall. This measures: Height, 4.8 mm; greater diameter, 9.0 mm; lesser diameter, 7.0 mm.
The other specimen, U.S.N.M. No. 316425, has 4.2 whorls and the same number of spiral cords as the type, and measures: Height, 7.4 mm.; greater diameter, 8.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 6.8 mm.
The extremely small number of spiral cords differentiates it from the other two races.
CROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) GUNDLACHI GUNDLACHI, new subspecies PLATE 8, FIGURES 1-3
This subspecies was collected by Gundlach at Monte Toro.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535773, has 4 whorls and at the aperture shows the following number of cords: Between the summit and the periphery 10, on the base 10, on the umbilicus 16. It yields the follow- ing measurements: Height, 6.8 mm.; greater diameter, 10.9 mm. ; lesser diameter, 8.4 mm.
CROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) GUNDLACHI WRIGHTI, new subspecies
PLATE 8, Figures 4-6
In the National Museum we have four specimens collected by Charles Wright at Potosi, Oriente Province. Potosi, while not on recent maps, from information at hand we know is situated somewhere north of Monte Libano and Felicidad. These specimens are differentiated from the other two members by being a little more closely coiled.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535774, has 4.1 whorls and measures: Height, 5.1 mm.; greater diameter, 8.9 mm.; lesser diameter, 6.9 mm. It has 12 spiral cords between the summit and the suture, 11 on the base, and 8 on the umbilical wall, a total of 31 when viewed at the aperture.
The other two specimens are complete and yield, respectively, the following information: Number of whorls, 4.1 and 3.7; number of spiral cords between the summit and suture, 12 and 12; spiral cords on base, 10 and 8; spiral cords on the umbilical wall, 10 and 10. They measure respectively: Height, 5.3 and 5.0 mm.; greater diameter, 8.3 and 8.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 6.5 and 6.2 mm.
Part 2—THE CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF THE WEST INDIES, EXCLUSIVE OF CUBA
By PAUL BARTSCH Family CYCLOPHORIDAE Gray
For a definition of the family, see p. 3.
KEY TO THE ANTILLEAN SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY CYCLOPHORIDAE
Shell elongate-turrited:=- 1:5) 28105: es 1 ees Se Megalomastominae Shell not elongate-turrited. Shelli pmpaidhse se Os a es ee AS Diplommatininae Shell not pupoid, but planorboid or helicoid. Operculum chondroid___~---__----------__-----_-_- Amphicyclotinae Operculum ealcified—-__- = == = ES SS Aperostominae
Subfamily MEGALOMASTOMINAE Torre and Bartsch
Cyclophorid mollusks having an elongate-conic or elongate-turrited shell. Operculum corneous. For complete diagnosis, see p. 3.
KEY TO THE WEST INDIAN GENERA OF MEGALOMASTOMINAE
Shell large and robust.
\uWdavanch Cove Coyarerenuhwbon) saris ee Farcimen Wihorls'omoperculum distinct sae es se ieee Se eee Farcimoides Shell not large and robust, but small and thin______-----~-_~ Megalomastoma
Genus FARCIMEN Troschel
For diagnosis of the genus, see p. 4. The subgenus Farcimen is restricted to the island of Cuba and is therefore not considered in this part of our paper.
Subgenus NEOPUPINA Kobelt
1854. Megaloma Woopwarp, A manual of the Mollusca, p. 177 (not Megaloma Hall, 1852).
1856. Lomastoma Woopwakrp, ibid., p. xviii (not Rafinesque, 1819).
1902. Neopupina Kosett, Das Tierreich, Cyclophoridae, p. 262.
This subgenus differs from the Cuban Farcimen in having a more cylindric shell and in having the peristome sharp, i. e., not broadly thickened and reflected. Operculum a thin chondroid multispiral plate.
43
44 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Type: Megalomastoma flavula Swainson = Helix crocea Gmelin = Farcimen (Neopupina) eroceum (Gmelin).
The anatomy of Farcimen (N.) croceum (Gmelin) and F. (W.) curtum (Dall and Simpson) yields the radula formula 3:3:3:3. The jaw is provided with a median projection, and the verge is attached to the side of the neck, gradually tapering without a terminal ap- pendage. It is traversed by a seminal groove.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS NEOPUPINA
J Xo-abebh seo a Os a a curtum Axial ribs not strong. Shelliargzesheight.more thane30 mm eee croceum Shell small height less than’ 20) mms2 222222) Se Se2 es se=2 2 hjalmersoni
FARCIMEN (NEOPUPINA) CURTUM (Dall and Simpson) PLATE 9, Figures 32-34 (type) ; FiacurEes 35-37
1901. Megalomastoma croceum curtum Dat and Simpson, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 1, p. 484, pl. 53, fig. 2.
Shell small, varying from elongate-ovate to cylindroconic in outline, varying in color from wax yellow to pale brown. Nuclear whorls decollated in all our specimens. Postnuclear whorls moderately well rounded, marked by rather strong, closely approximated axial riblets. Suture well impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base moderately produced, very narrowly umbilicated, with a strong carina marking the outer edge of the umbilicus. Aperture subcircular; peristome not in one plane, but somewhat sinuous, simple. Operculum typically farcimenid.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 159678, comes from Hucares, east Puerto Rico. It has 5.5 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 21.0 mm. ; greater diameter, 9.5 mm.
This small species differs from the other two from Puerto Rico in having the riblets much more strongly developed.
Additional specimens come from various stations on the eastern slope of Puerto Rico, and since the type is a worn specimen, I am also figuring a more perfect one, which has almost 7 whorls and measures: Height, 23.0 mm.; greater diameter, 9.1 mm.
The animals of specimens collected by me about the roots of banana trees at Mamey in the foothills of the Sierra Luquilla, June 23, 1929, had the entire dorsal part of the body flesh colored with a grayish suffusion and a pinkish flush; the sole of the foot was also flesh colored, while the tentacles were pale orange with a grayish tinge. There was a reddish spot present under the tentacles.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA AS FARCIMEN (NEOPUPINA) CROCEUM (Gmelin) PLATE 9, FIGURES 23-25
1786. Helix cylindracea glabra CHEMNITz, Neues systematisches Conchylien- Cabinet, vol. 9, p. 166, pl. 35, fig. 1233 (nonbinomial).
1791. Helix crocea GMELIN, Systema naturae, vol. 6, p. 3655.
1798. Cerion truncatum Bouten, Museum Boltenianum, p. 90.
1822. Cyclostoma flavula Lamarck, Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertébres, vol. 6, p. 146.
1828. Turbo flavidus (Cyclostoma flavidum) Wood, Index testaceologicus, ed. 2, Suppl., pp. 19, 36, pl. 6, fig. 31.
1838. Cyvlostoma crocea DesHAYES, in Lamarck’s Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres, ed. 2, vol. 8, p. 357.
1840. Megalomastoma flavula Swainson, A treatise on malacology, p. 336.
1847. Farcimen flavulum TroscuHett, Zool. Malak., vol. 4, p. 44.
1847. Megalomastoma cylindraceum PreirFER, Zool. Malak., vol. 4, p. 109.
Shell large, cylindroconic, varying in color from soiled wax colored to bright rose colored. The nucleus is small, consisting of 2 whorls, which are well rounded and smooth. The postnuclear whorls are flattened, somewhat constricted a little below the suture, and marked by closely approximated, low, rounded axial riblets, which become less conspicuous as the whorls increase. Suture only slightly constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base slightly protracted, narrowly umbilicated, and marked by an obsolete fold at the outer edge of the umbilicus. Aperture subcircular; peristome not in one plane, but somewhat sinuous, simple, not thickened as in typical Parcimen. Operculum typically farcimenid.
The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535945, has 6.5 whorls remain- ing and measures: Height, 39.1 mm.; greater diameter, 14.7 mm.
This is the common large race distributed all over the north coast of the Island of Puerto Rico.
I found the adult animal of this to have the forehead, sides, and back brown with an olivaceous tinge, the foot flesh colored, with a bluish tinge, tentacles tipped with orange.
The young were flesh colored, with a red spot under the tentacles.
FARCIMEN (NEOPUPINA) HJALMERSONI (Pfeiffer)
PLATE 9, FIGURES 26-28 1875. Megalomastoma hjalmersoni PrrirreR, Malak. Blitter, vol. 22, p. 119.
Shell small, elongate-ovate, varying in color from pale wax yellow to chestnut-brown on the last turn. Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded, smooth. The early postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded; the rest with a constriction below the summit and marked by closely spaced, slender, retractively slanting axial riblets, which become obsolete on the last whorl. Suture slightly constricted. Periphery
428349424
46 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
well rounded. Base moderately protracted, narrowly umbilicated, the umbilicus marked by a strong carina at its outer edge. Aperture subcircular; peristome somewhat sinuous, not in one plane, simple. Operculum typically farcimenid.
The specimen described and figured is one of a series, U.S.N.M. No. 535692, collected by me at Lares, Puerto Rico. It has 7.1 whorls and measures: Height, 19.7 mm.; greater diameter, 8.9 mm.
This species resembles the large #7’. (W.) erocewm (Gmelin) in the constriction below the summit and also in the character of the rib- bing, which is much finer than that of the other small species, F’. (V.) curtum (Dall and Simpson), from eastern Puerto Rico.
We also have it from a number of additional stations in the west- central portion of the Island of Puerto Rico.
FARCIMOIDES, new genus
Shells resembling those of the Cuban genus Farcimen in general outline and thickened peristome, but with a spiral cord marking the outer limit of the umbilicus. Operculum not simple but with the inany layers composing it distinct, not fused as in Parcimen.
Type: Oyclostoma orbignyi Pfeifter=Farcimoides orbignyt (Pfeiffer).
KEY TO THE HISPANIOLAN SPECIES OF FARCIMOIDES
Shell small, height less than 20 mm_--_----__--------------------------- sallei Shell not small, height more than 25 mm. Shell sstout-=. 222-0 sh Gees ee tA Os Ae gt domingoense SHETTETO ty SHOU ee ee orbignyi
FARCIMOIDES SALLEI, new species PiaTE 9, Figures 29-31 1851. Cyclostoma orbignyi va. y PFEIFFER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 19, p. 149. 1853. Cyclostoma orbignyi variety 2 Prrrrrer, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 272, pl. 37, figs. 5, 6. ’
Shell small, very elongate-ovate, covered with a wax-colored perios- tracum. When denuded the shell may be unicolor or milk white, or the last whorl may be darker, even purplish plum colored. Nu- clear whorls small, well rounded, smooth. The early postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, the last one almost flattened; the early ones marked by slender, almost hairlike axial riblets which gradually increase in strength until they become conspicuous, re- tractively curved, elevated ribs, which are about as wide as or wider than the spaces that separate them. Suture strongly constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base rather long, openly umbilicated with a strong cordlike carina marking the outer limit of the umbilicus. This has a strong constriction anteriorly and posteriorly. The axial
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 47
riblets extend feebly over the umbilical wall. Aperture circular, slightly irregular as far as its external plane is concerned; peristome thickened and marked by concentric lamellae of about the same ex- pansion all around. Operculum typically farcimoid.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535941, was collected by Dr. Abbott at El Rio, which is between Constancia and Jarabacoa, Dominican Republic, at an elevation of 4,000 feet. It has 7.5 whorls and measures: Height, 19.0 mm.; greater diameter, 7.7 mm.
This I consider to be the small form described by Pfeiffer as Cyclo- stoma orbignyi var. y. It differs markedly from the other two known Haitian species by its much smaller size, much more inflated whorls, and much heavier ribbing.
FARCIMOIDES DOMINGOENSE, new species
PLATE 9, Figures 1-3
Shell cylindroconic, stout, varying from wax color to pale brown on the last turn. Nuclear whorls? The early postnuclear whorls gain rapidly in size and are fairly well rounded; the later ones are decidedly flattened. They are all narrowly shouldered at the sum- mit and marked by slender, sigmoid, retractively curved axial rib- lets, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them on the early turns and wider on the last. These riblets render the summit of the turns slightly crenulated. Suture well constricted. Periph- ery well rounded. Base moderately protracted, openly umbilicated, and marked with a strong cord at the outer junction of the umbilicus, which is deeply constricted at its umbilical edge and less so dorsally. Aperture subcircular in a wavy plane; peristome thick, a little nar- rower on the parietal wall than on the rest. Operculum, typically farcimoid. ,
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535940, was collected by Parker in the Dominican Republic. It has 6.4 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 28.8 mm.; greater diameter, 12.0 mm.
Two other lots before us are also without specific locality data. All these are readily distinguished from F. orbignyi (Pfeiffer) by their much more cylindric form and much stouter outline.
FARCIMOIDES ORBIGNYI (Pfeiffer)
PLATE 9, Figures 4—6
1851. Cyclostoma orbignyi PFEIFFER, Proc. Soc. London, vol. 19, p. 149. 1852. Cyclostoma orbignyi PretrrerR, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 272, pl. 37, figs. 3, 4.
Shell almost cylindroconic, varying in color from unicolor to wax yellow, with the last whorl with a reddish orange band, which is separated from the summit and base by a paler area. Peristome
48 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
white. Nuclear whorls 2, small, well rounded, smooth. The first 2 postnuclear whorls rather strongly inflated, the rest gradually less inflated and finally flattened. The postnuclear whorls are marked by closely spaced, decidedly retractively curved, slender axial riblets, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. Suture rendered conspicuous by the feeble shoulder of the whorls. Periph- ery well rounded. Base decidedly protracted, openly umbilicated, marked by a somewhat obsolete cord at the outer limit of the umbili- cus. The umbilical wall marked by the continuation of the axial riblets. Aperture subcircular; peristome thickened and reflected, nar- rower on the columellar wall than on the rest. Operculum typically farcimoid.
The specimen figured is one of a large series, U.S.N.M. No. 151351, from the Sallé collection, probably a topotype. It has 8.4 whorls and measures: Height, 28.2 mm.; greater diameter, 11.5 mm. The locality mentioned is Haiti, the designation for all Hispaniola in the early days. We know Sallé collected only in the Santo Dominican region, so the species must be referred to the Dominican Republic.
All our other lots are equally deficient in specific locality data.
Genus MEGALOMASTOMA (Guilding) Swainson
1840. Megalomastoma (Guilding) Swarnson, A treatise on malacology, pp. 186, 336, figs. 97 g, h, i.
Shell small, cylindroconic, covered with a persistent periostracum. Nuclear whorls smooth, the succeeding turns marked with strongly elevated, retractively curved axial riblets. Base with a strong spiral keel at the outer limit of the broad open umbilicus. Aperture sub- circular; peristome double, with a rather deep, somewhat lunate ex- cision on the parietal wall. Operculum a simple, thin, multispiral, chondroid plate.
Type: Megalomastoma brunnea (Guilding) Swainson=Adfegalo- mastoma (Megalomastoma) brunneum (Guilding) Swainson.
This genus ranges from St. Thomas through St. John to Tortola.
The radula of Megalomastoma (Megalomastoma) petiti has the formula 3:3:3:38. The jaw has a median projection, and the verge is attached to the side of the neck, gradually tapering without a terminal appendage. It is traversed by a seminal groove.
KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF MEGALOMASTOMA
Last: whorl] axially ribbed =t9000.. 22 eee Megalomastoma Last whorl'axially tuberculatedii tan ee ee ee Megalomastomoides
Subgenus MEGALOMASTOMA (Guilding) Swainson
Megalomastomas having the surface with axial ribs only, and with the peristome excised on the parietal wall.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 49
Type: Megalomastoma brunnae (Guilding) Swainson=Megalo- mastoma (Megalomastoma) brunneum (Guilding) Swainson.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS MEGALOMASTOMA
Shell elongate-conic.
Axial ribs of early whorls closely spaced__-----_-_-------___- antillarum Axial ribs of early whorls not closely spaced________---_______ brunneum Shellgelonzate-0 Va tee ee ee petiti
MEGALOMASTOMA (MEGALOMASTOMA) ANTILLARUM (Sowerby) PLATE 9, Figures 10-12, 21
1843. Cyclostoma antillarum Sowrrsy, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 150, pl. 28, fig. 180.
Shell small, elongate-conic, chestnut-brown with the peristome white. The nucleus consists of a single smooth turn. The early postnuclear whorls are inflated and strongly rounded; the later ones a little less so, marked by moderately elevated, slender, sublamellar, retractively slanting axial ribs, which are very regular on the first two turns and rather closely spaced; on the later turns they are much more distantly spaced and there is a tendency for finer threads to appear in the broad interspaces. Suture strongly constricted. Per- iphery well rounded. Base protracted, openly umbilicated, and marked by a moderately strong, broad, rounded cord at the outer limit of the umbilicus, which is crossed by the axial ribs. Aperture subcircular; peristome not on a flat plane, but sinuous, moderately thickened and reflected, and moderately excised on the parietal wall. Operculum typically megalomastomid.
The specimen described and figured is one of a lot, U.S.N.M. No. 393653. It was collected by me on Mount Sage, Tortola, British West Indies. It has 7.5 whorls and measures: Height, 13.6 mm.; greater diameter, 5.1 mm.
This species recalls closely M@, (M.) brunneum (Guilding) Swain- son, from which it can be distinguished readily by its smaller size and more closely spaced axial ribs on the early turns. The umbilical cord is also less pronounced.
MEGALOMASTOMA (MEGALOMASTOMA) BRUNNEUM (Guilding) Swainson PLate 9, FIguRES 7-9, 22 1840. Megalomastoma brunnea (Guilding MS.) Swainson, A treatise on ma- lacology, pp. 186, 336, fig. 97, g, h, i. Shell elongate-conic, chestnut-brown, with the peristome white. Nuclear whorls 1.2, well rounded, smooth. The early postnuclear
whorls inflated ; the later ones less so and the last one flattened, marked by very decidedly retractively curved, slender, sublamellar axial ribs,
50 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
which are rather distantly spaced on all the whorls. On the later turns axial hairlines are also apparent in the intercostal spaces. These are irregularly distributed and of irregular numbers. Suture very strongly constricted. Periphery low, well rounded. Base de- cidedly produced, flatly umbilicated with a decidely elevated keel at the outer limit of the umbilicus, which is rendered crenulated by the axial riblets that extend also over the umbilical wall. Aperture sub- circular; peristome sinuous, that is not in a flat plane, moderately thickened and moderately excised on the parietal wall. Operculum typically megalomastomid.
The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535943, comes from St. Thomas. It has 8.2 whorls and measures: Height, 15.4 mm. ; greater diameter, 6.2 mm.
There are 17 additional lots of this species, all from St. Thomas, in the collection of the United States National Museum.
This species is nearest related to M/. (If.) antillarum (Sowerby), from which its more elongate form, more distantly spaced ribs, and more pronounced umbilical keel will readily differentiate it.
MEGALOMASTOMA (MEGALOMASTOMA) PETITI, new species
PLATE 9, FicurEs 16-18, 20
Shell elongate-ovate, sooty chestnut-brown; peristome white. Nuclear whorls 1.3, well rounded, smooth. The early postnuclear whorls somewhat inflated, strongly rounded, the last one slightly flat- tened and marked by slender sublamellar, rather distantly spaced axial riblets, which are rather irregularly distributed. Suture well con- stricted. Periphery well rounded. Base rather produced, flatly um- bilicated, with a moderately strong cord at the outer limit of the umbilicus. Aperture circular; peristome almost flat, moderately thickened, slightly reflected and moderately excised on the parietal wall. Operculum typically megalomastomid.
This species comes from the Island of St. John. The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535942, was collected by me on Bordeaux Hill, Hurricane Harbor, St. John. It has 7 whorls and measures: Height, 12.3 mm.; greater diameter, 5.4 mm.
The United States National Museum contains six additional lots, all from St. John.
This species is easily distinguished from the other Megalomastomas by its shorter and much stouter shape.
MEGALOMASTOMOIDES, new subgenus
Shell resembling Megalomastoma in size, shape, and periostracal covering but differing from it in having the peristome not excised on
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 51
the parietal wall and in having the early postnuclear sculpture as in typical Megalomastoma, while that of the later turns has the axial ribs broken up into elongated, somewhat lunate tubercles, which gives to the surface of these whorls a rasplike appearance. Operculum a simple, thin, multispiral chondroid plate.
Type: Cyclostoma (Megalomastoma) verruculosum Shuttleworth= Megalomastoma (Megalomastomoides) verruculosum (Shuttleworth).
Distribution: Puerto Rico.
MEGALOMASTOMA (MEGALOMASTOMOIDES) VERRUCULOSUM (Shuttleworth) PLATE 9, FiguRES 13-15, 19
1854. Cyclostoma (Megalomastoma) verruculosum SHUTTLEWORTH, Berner Mitth.,
p. 90. 1864. Megalomastoma verruculosum SoweErBy, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 3, pl.
263, fig. 15.
Shell small, elongate-conic. Nuclear whorls decollated in all our specimens. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, the early ones marked by slender, retractively curved axial riblets, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. On the last three turns these riblets break up into segments and give to the surface a rasplike appearance. Suture strongly constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base pro- duced, openly flatly umbilicated, and marked by a strong spiral cord at the outer limit of the umbilicus, which is crossed by the axial rib- lets, which extend over the umbilical wall. Aperture circular, not m a single plane, but sinuous; peristome thickened and somewhat re- flected, of equal width all around, not incised on the parietal wall. Operculum multispiral, corneous, with central nucleus.
We have this species from Puerto Rico without specific locality.
The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535944, has 7 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 15.1 mm.; greater diameter, 5.7 mm.
This shell is small like typical Megalomastoma but differs from it markedly by the sculpture and the absence of excision on the parietal wall.
Subfamily DIPLOMMATININAE Kobelt This subfamily is defined in the key on p. 48.
Genus ADELOPOMA Doering
For definition of the genus, see p. 148.
52 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM ADELOPOMA OCCIDENTALE (Guppy) PLATE 40, FIGuRE 6
1872. Diplommatina huttoni occidentalis Guppy, Proc. Assoc. Trinidad, vol. 2, p. 24.
1884. Diplommatina occidentale GopwIN-AUSTEN, Land and Freshwater Mollusca of India, vol. 1, pl. 45, fig. 8.
1886. Diplommatina occidentalis GoDWIN-AUSTEN, ibid., p. 173.
1893. Diplomatina huttoni occidentale Guppy, Journ. Conch., vol. 7, p. 226.
1898. Palaina (Cylindropalaina) occidentalis KosELT and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrbl. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 30, p. 133.
1902. Adelopoma occidentale KozErt, Das Tierreich, vol. 16, p. 480.
Shell minute, sinistral, thin, translucent, alabaster white, except the nuclear turns, which are buff. Nuclear whorls 1.5, inflated, strongly rounded, smooth. Post nuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, marked by slender, lamellose, scalariform, decidedly protractively slanting axial ribs, of which 27 occur on the first and second and 33 on the last whorl. The spaces separating the axial ribs are four or five times as wide as the ribs, and are covered by exceedingly fine, micro- scopic spiral striations. Suture very strongly constricted. Base in- flated, very strongly rounded, with a narrow umbilical chink, marked by the continuation of the axial ribs. Aperture irregularly obliquely oval; peristome double, the inner exserted; the outer narrowly ex- panded. Operculum typically adelopomid.
The specimen figured is one of nine, U.S.N.M. No. 203654, received from Bland and comes from Trinidad. It has 6 whorls and meas- ures: Height, 2.8 mm.; diameter, 1.2 mm.
U.S.N.M. No. 98784 contains six specimens from the same source, while U.S.N.M. No. 516033 contains seven specimens received from Dr. George Clapp.
This species differs from A. costaricense in being a little stouter and having more axial ribs, which also are of uniform expansion from the summit to the periphery.
Subfamily AMPHICYCLOTINAE Kobelt and Mollendorff Cyclophorids of helicoid outline with chondroid operculum.
KEY TO THE WEST INDIAN GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY AMPHICYCLOTINAE
Operculum: with fimbriations=29=— =. — ee Cyclohaitia Operculum without fimbriations==—= ===". Amphicyclotulus
CYCLOHAITIA, new genus
Small amphicyclotine shells with strong spiral cords on spire and base. Operculum multispiral, chondroid, with the outer edge of
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 53
the last whorl expanded into fimbriations. In shape and sculpture the shells of this genus resemble Crocidopoma, but they lack the subsutural keel and the lirations within the umbilicus; they also re- semble it in the fimbriations of the operculum, but here we have no calcareous lamella. The verge likewise is of amphicyclotine pattern in its attenuation.
Type: Cyclohaitia haitia, new species.
The anatomy of Cyclohaitia shows the radula formula to be 3:3:3:3, and of the jaw is lacking the median points. The verge is on the back of the neck behind the tentacles and traversed by a vas deferens. The terminal appendage is long and threadlike, almost as long as the basal portion.
CYCLOHAITIA HAITIA, new species Puate 10, FicurEs 12-14
Shell small, helicoid, openly moderately umbilicated, covered with an olivaceous, wax-colored periostracum. Nuclear whorls 1.5, small, well rounded, smooth, forming a moderately elevated apex. Post- nuclear whorls strongly rounded, circular in cross-section, marked by incremental lines and rather strong spiral cords, of which 5 are present on the first, 7 on the second, and 9 on the last turn between summit and periphery in the type. These cords vary somewhat in strength and spacing. The whorls at the summit slope decidedly toward the suture and render this very conspicuous. Periphery strongly rounded. Base strongly rounded, marked by 9 spiral cords equaling those of the spire, and the continuations of the incremental lines. The umbilical wall does not have spiral cords, only the con- tinuation of the lines of growth. Aperture slightly oblique, cir- cular; peristome simple. Operculum chondroid, multispiral, with the outer edge of the later whorls much produced to form a more or less fimbriated, up-turned extension.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535855, was collected north of Tiburon, Haiti, along the road leading to Carcasse, south of the first village, by C. R. Orcutt. It has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height, 5.2 mm.; greater diameter, 9.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 6.7 mm. Charles R. Orcutt also collected 10 additional lots ranging from the type locality eastward along the south coast of Haiti to the Baie des Flamands.
Some of the dead specimens are much larger than the type. For example U.S.N.M. No. 403722, from Damassin River has 4.6 whorls and measures: Height, 8.7 mm.; greater diameter, 12.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 9.0 mm., but all intermediate sizes are present in lots from the same locality.
54 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Genus AMPHICYCLOTULUS Kobelt
1912. Amphicyclotulus Koxett, Martini-Chemnitz, Conchylien Cabinet, vol. 1, sect. 19, pt. 3, p. 918.
Small cyclophorids with chondroid multispiral operculum, the outer edge of which is not expanded into fimbriations. The spire is marked by incremental lines and in the typical subgenus bears raised spiral cords, at least on the early whorls. In this they may also be present on the base. (In the subgenus Cycloblandia the spiral cords are absent.) The base is broadly openly umbilicated. The peristome is not thickened or reflected.
Type: Amphicyclotulus rufescens (Sowerby).
The genus is Antillean.
The anatomy of A. (A.) acutiliratus (Drouet) and A. (A.) mineri shows the radula to have the formula 3:3:3:3, and the jaw without median projection. The verge is on the back of the neck behind the tentacles and is traversed by a vas deferens. The terminal appendage is long and threadlike, almost as long as the basal portion.
KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF AMPHICYCLOTULUS
Shell with*spiral lamellae2.0 te eee Amphicyclotulus Shell) without spiral Jameliaes: Soe 2 3 es ee ee Cycloblandia
Subgenus AMPHICYCLOTULUS Kobelt
Amphicyclotulus in which all or at least the early postnuclear whorls are marked by raised spiral cords, which may or may not be present on the base.
Type: Amphicylotulus rufescens (Sowerby).
This subgenus is known from Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, Dominica, and Martinique.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS AMPHICYCLOTULUS?
Spiral sculpture confined to early postnuclear whorls. Shell orange-yell ow = soe fe ee ee ee ea mineri Shell ‘waxtyellowit222 2 ke Use _ Nate ie AE Os ee guadeloupensis Spiral sculpture not confined to early postnuclear whorls. Spiral sculpture consisting of strongly raised cords. Spiral cords on spire strongly crenulated_________ See ee rufescens Spiral cords on spire not strongly crenulated. Spiral cord bounding umbilicus stronger than the rest_ acultiliratus Spiral cord bounding umbilicus not stronger than the rest. Spiral cords of base distantly spaced_____-__------ schrammi Spiral cords of base not distantly spaced___-----~- dominicensis Spiral sculpture not consisting of strongly raised cords. Spiral sculpture consisting of strongly raised threads. Spiral’ threads nUMerOuUss at = es eee eo liratus Spiral ‘threads few.=]-- = 2 == — = Se eee perplexus
14, (A.) portoricensis (Boettger) is not included in this key, as I have not seen speci- mens of it.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 55 AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) MINERI, new species
PLATE 10, Figures 15-17
Shell rather large, helicoid, moderately broadly openly umbilicated, covered by an orange-yellow periostracum. Nuclear whorls 1.6, weil rounded, smooth, forming a depressed apex. Postnuclear whorls in- flated, strongly rounded, marked by incremental lines and slender spiral threads, which cover the anterior two-thirds of the turns, the posterior third being without them. Of these threads 7 are present on the second and 11 on the third whorl. On the last half of the last turn the spiral threads are quite obsolete. Suture well impressed. Pe- riphery inflated, strongly rounded. Base moderately rounded with the umbilicus occupying about one-fourth of the diameter of the shell. The base is marked by incremental lines only. Aperture subcircular, being protracted to form an acute point at the posterior angle of the aperture; peristome simple. Operculum typically amphicyclotulid.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535856, and a host of specimens come from Laudat, Dominica. The type has 5.5 whorls and measures: Height, 13.8 mm.; greater diameter, 16.6 mm.; lesser diameter, 13.6 mm.
This species resembles most closely A. (A.) guadeloupensis, from which its orange coloration and more elevated form readily distin- guish it.
AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) GUADELOUPENSIS, new species PLATE 10, FicurEs 18-20
Shell depressed-helicoid, moderately broadly openly umbilicated, wax yellow. Nuclear whorls 1.5, well rounded, smooth. The post- nuclear whorls are well rounded, the first smooth, the rest marked by weak spiral threads which cover the posterior four-fifths of the turn, being absent near the summit. They again become obsolete on the last half turn. In addition to the spiral threads the whorls are marked by fine incremental lines. Suture moderately well impressed. Periphery inflated, well rounded. Base short, well rounded, marked only by the incremental lines. In cross section the last whorl is in- clined toward being oval. Aperture oblique, subcircular, slightly angu- lated at the posterior angle; peristome simple. Operculum typically amphicyclotulid.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 116462, comes from Guadeloupe. It has 5.1 whorls and measures: Height, 12.8 mm.; greater diameter, 17.6 mm.; lesser diameter, 14.0 mm.
Additional specimens in the collection of the National Museum are also labeled merely “Guadeloupe,” without specific locality.
This species resembles most closely A. (A.) méineri from Dominica. It is distinguished from this by its flatter form and paler coloration.
56 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) RUFESCENS (Sowerby) PLATE 10, Ficures 4, 5
1843. Cyclostoma rufescens SowrerBy, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 94, pl. 24, figs. 36, 37. 1843. Cyclostoma rufescens SowERBY, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 11, p. 60.
“Shell nearly orbicular, generally of a reddish colour, with a short spire consisting of 4 rounded, spirally ridged and striated volutions; the ridges crenulated; suture deep; aperture circular, with a thin sharp peritreme; umbilicus large. From Martinique, communicated by L. T. Powis, Esq.”
I have not seen specimens that satisfy Sowerby’s description and figures which I have copied.
Specimens of A. (A.) acutiliratus (Drouet) vary considerably in tuberculation of their spiral keels, and it is quite possible that Sowerby’s species represents merely an exaggerated form of Drouet’s A, (A.) acutiliratus.
AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) ACUTILIRATUS (Drouet) PLATE 10, Fraures 1-3
1859. Cyclophorus acutiliratus Drovurt, Essai sur les mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la Guyane francaise, p. 89, pl. 3, figs. 42-44.
Shell moderately large, openly umbilicated, varying in color from pale yellow to bright red. Nuclear whorls 2.5, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, marked by exceedingly fine, closely spaced, incremental lines, which give the surface a silky appear- ance, and strong sublamellar keels, of which 5 are present between the summit and the suture on the next to the last whorl, and 10 on the last turn. ‘These keels are not quite regular in strength and distribution. They average from one-half to one-fourth the width of the spaces that separate them. Suture channeled. Periphery rounded. Base with the umbilicus about one-fourth the greater diameter. Base well rounded, marked by 8 spiral cords. The umbilicus is bounded by a strong lamella and on the umbilical wall, within the umbilicus, 6 addi- tional spiral lamellae are present. Aperture oblique, circular; peri- stome simple, rendered somewhat fluted by the spiral sculpture. Oper- culum typically amphicyclotulid.
The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 585859, a female, is one of five specimens collected by me at Colson, 14 to 15 km. north of Fort de France, Martinique. This has 5.4 whorls and measures: Height, 11.1 mm.; greater diameter, 15.3 mm.; lesser diameter, 12.0 mm.
U.S.N.M. No. 393879 contains seven specimens from the same lo- cality.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA Bf
U.S.N.M. No. 151358 contains a series of specimens collected by Sallé on Martinique. These show considerable variation. In some the spiral cords show slight nodulation, which suggests a trend toward A. (A.) rufescens (Sowerby) ; in fact, there is a possibility that this may be an extreme variation of that species. The spiral keels on the um- bilicus will easily distinguish it from all other known Amphicyclotulus.
AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) SCHRAMMI (Shuttleworth) PLATE 10, FicurrEs 6-8
1857. Cyclostoma (Cyclophorus) schrammi SHUTTLEWORTH, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 5, p. 269.
Shell small, depressed-helicoid. Periostracum wax colored. Nu- clear whorls almost 2, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, marked by slightly keeled spiral cords, of which 5 are present on the second, while on the third 2 additional cords appear between the first near the summit and the suture. At the aperture 10 spiral cords are apparent. In addition to these spiral cords the shell is marked by fine incremental lines. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base openly umbilicated, the umbilicus forming about one-fourth of the greater diameter of the shell. The base is sculptured like the spire, bearing 5 cords, while 3 additional ones are present on the outer portion of the umbilical wall, the inner part being free of spiral sculpture. Aperture oblique, almost circular, slightly angu- lated at the posterior angle; peristome simple. Operculum typically amphicyclotulid.
U.S.N.M. No. 491754 contains two specimens from Guadeloupe, one of which we have figured. This has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height, 5.5 mm.; greater diameter, 9.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 7.6 mm.
U.S.N.M. No. 331792 contains two more specimens received from Petit.
This species is most nearly related to A. (A.) doménicensis, from which it is easily distinguished by its much more distantly spaced spiral cords on the base.
AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) DOMINICENSIS, new species
Pate 10, Frcures 9-11
Shell small, helicoid, openly umbilicated. The nuclear and early postnuclear turns red, the rest covered by a yellowish periostracum. Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls some- what inflated, strongly rounded, marked by strongly raised, almost keellike spiral threads, of which 9 are present between the summit and the suture on the next to the last whorl and 9 between the summit and the periphery on the last whorl. The spaces that separate these cords.
58 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
which are quite regular, are a little more than twice as wide. Periphery rendered almost angulated by a spiral cord. In addition to the spiral cords the whorls are marked by slender incremental lines. Suture well impressed. Base rather short, well rounded, marked by the continua- tion of the incremental lines and 9 spiral cords, which equal those on the spire in strength, but weaken toward the aperture. The umbilical wall also shows traces of spiral cords. The umbilicus is about one- fifth the greater diameter of the last whorl. Aperture oblique; peri- stome simple. Operculum typically amphicyclotulid.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 585857, comes from Long Dilton, Dominica. It has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 5.5 mm.; greater diameter, 8.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 7.2 mm. A paratype is in the American Museum of Natural History.
This species is nearest related to A. (A.) schrammi (Shuttleworth), from which it can be distinguished readily by its color and the greater number of spiral cords.
AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) LIRATUS (Drouet) PLATE 11, Figures 4-6
1859. Cyclophorus liratus DRovEtT, Essai sur les mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la Guyane francaise, p. 88, pl. 3, figs. 30-82.
Shell decidedly depressed-helicoid, openly umbilicated, covered by a wax-colored periostracum. Nuclear whorls 1.3, well rounded. Post- nuclear whorls strongly rounded, marked by rather strong, regular and regularly spaced spiral cords, of which 14 are present between the summit and the suture on the last turn. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by closely spaced incremental threads. Suture well impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base moderately in- flated, well rounded, marked by 18 spiral threads, which equal those on the spire in strength, and by the continuation of the incremental lines. The umbilicus is about one-fourth the width of the greater diameter of the shell, and the umbilical wall bears a few indications of spiral threads. A cross section of the last whorl would appear broadly oval. Aperture slightly oblique, circular, with scarcely any angling at the posterior angle of the aperture; peristome simple. Operculum typically amphicyclotulid.
The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 474037, comes from Martinique. It has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height, 7.8 mm.; greater diameter, 14.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 10.3 mm.
This species suggests both A. (A.) méneri and A. (A.) guadeloupen- sts but differs from them in having the spiral sculpture extend to the peristome and in being much more depressed.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 59 AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) PERPLEXUS, new species PLATE 11, FicurEs 7-9
Shell small, depressed-helicoid, covered by a wax-yellow periostra- cum, which assumes a rosy tinge toward the apex. Nuclear whorls almost 2, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, marked by slender incremental lines and on the next to the last turn by six low, rounded spiral threads, of which the one at the summit is weaker than the rest. On the last whorl these threads be- come obsolete and almost vanish before reaching the peristome. Su- ture moderately impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base well rounded, openly umbilicated, the umbilicus being about one-third the width of the greater diameter. The base is marked by incremental lines only. Aperture slightly oblique, circular, with a slight angle at the posterior angle; peristome simple. Operculum typically amphicyclotulid.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535858, comes from Guadeloupe. It has 4.9 whorls and measures: Height, 7.0 mm.; greater diameter, 11.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 8.0 mm.
U.S.N.M No. 43485 contains another specimen from the same lo- cality.
U.S.N.M. No. 151348a contains two additional specimens collected by Sallé on Guadeloupe.
The weak sculpture of this species will differentiate it from the rest of the species.
AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) PORTORICENSIS (Boettger) PLATE 11, Ficurres 19-21
1887. Cyclotus portoricensis Borrrcrr, Jahrb. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 14, pp. 101-102, pl. 4, fig. 7.
Shell broadly openly umbilicated, umbilicus equaling a fifth part of the width of the base, depressed-turbinate, solid, olivaceous, a little lighter on the base, shining, spire little expanded, convex; apex quite small, somewhat obtuse, after decortication, red. Whorls, 5-5.5, in- creasing regularly in size, with impressed disjunct suture, convex, minutely rugulose striate and everywhere densely spirally lirate, lirae 13-15 in the penultimate whorl, last whorl terete, base more convex, a little expanded at the aperture or slightly descending. Aperture moderately large, oblique; peristome continuous, straight, acute, white, with the margin somewhat thickened all around; columella a little retracted and reflected. Operculum immersed, corneous with 11 turns, its nucleus concave.
60 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Height, 13-13.5 mm.; diameter, 19.5-20.5 mm.; height of aperture, 9.5-10.5 mm.; diameter, 8.5-9.5 mm. Habitat, Rio Blanco, in the Sierra de Caduros, Puerto Rico.
Boettger says he had before him seven specimens sent to him by Otto Goldtuss.
I have not seen this species and have freely translated Dr. Boett- ger’s description and copied his figures.
It is related to A. (A.) guadeloupensis, A. (A.) mineri, and A. (A.) liratus (Drouet). The strong lirations of the base will distinguish it from the first two; it is easily differentiated from the last by its much larger size.
CYCLOBLANDIA, new subgenus
Amphicyclotulus in which the whorls, even the early postnuclear turns, are without raised spiral cords or threads.
Type: Cyclostoma beauiana Petit= Amphicyclotulus (Cycloblandia) beauianus (Petit).
We know this subgenus from Guadeloupe, Grande Terre, Dominica, and Martinique.
The anatomy of A. (Cycloblandia) amethystinus (Guppy) shows the radula to have the formula 3:3:3:3, and the jaw without median projection. The verge is on the back of the neck behind the tentacles, and traversed by a vas deferens. The terminal appendage is long and threadlike, almost as long as the basal portion.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS CYCLOBLANDIA
Shell large, greater diameter more than 15 mm__________________ amethystinus Shell small, greater diameter less than 12 mm_____-___-______-_- beauianus
AMPHICYCLOTULUS (CYCLOBLANDIA) AMETHYSTINUS (Guppy) PLATE 11, FIGURES 1-3 1868. Cyclotus amethystinus Guppy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 1, p. 433.
Shell large, depressed-helicoid, covered by a pale olive periostracum. Nuclear whorls 1.8, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, marked by fine incremental lines, which vary some- what in strength and by inconspicuous hair lines a little darker than the general coloration of the shell. In cross section the whorls are rather inclined to oval than circular. Suture well impressed, particu- larly so on the early turns. Periphery strongly rounded. Base not inflated, well rounded, marked by incremental lines equaling those on the spire, which on the last portion of the last whorl become intensi- fied. Aperture oblique, almost circular; peristome simple. Operculum
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 61
with about 8 whorls, thin, horny, with the outer edge of the turns slightly upturned and the exposed portion retractively striate.
The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 478947, is one of several hundred which I collected at Danes on the east side of the watershed east of Portsmouth, Dominica, August 4, 1928. It has 5.0 whorls and measures: Height, 9.8 mm.; greater diameter, 15.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 12.0 mm. The larger series is registered as U.S.N.M. No. 473946.
My notes say of the animal: “Entire surface flesh-colored with a roseate flush, a pale rose-colored space runs across the snout in front of the tentacles, which are bright orange. The sole of the foot of the same coloration as the dorsal part. Found on the ground under decay- ing rubbish.”
AMPHICYCLOTULUS (CYCLOBLANDIA) BEAUIANUS (Petit) PLATE 11, Ficurres 10-12
1853. Cyclostoma beauiana Petit, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 4, p. 368, pl. 11, figs. 11, 12. 1854. Cyclostoma inornata RepFteLD, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 6, p. 18, pl. 1, fig. 7.
Shell small, depressed-helicoid, openly umbilicated, olivaceous horn colored. Nuclear whorls 1.6, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, marked by fine incremental lines only. The summit of the whorls is slightly flattened near the suture, which renders this fairly conspicuous. Periphery well rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, marked like the spire. Aperture oblique, almost circular, slightly angulated at the posterior angle; peristome simple. Interior of the aperture reddish orange within, paling toward the edge. Oper- culum thin, horny, multispiral.
The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535844, is one of five collected by me at Traicou Chet, Crois Rivier, Guadeloupe, July 31, 1928. It has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height, 7.7 mm.; greater diameter, 11.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 8.2 mm.
I collected two additional specimens, U.S.N.M. No. 390055, at Habi- tation La Tapick, Guadeloupe. Two specimens, U.S.N.M. No. 151348, were collected by Sallé with the locality Guadeloupe. A dead specimen, U.S.N.M. No. 390085, was obtained at Lepes, Grande Terre, July 30, 1928; and six more, U.S.N.M. No. 393118, were collected at Grande Ravine, Grande Terre.
These latter specimens are not distinguishable from those taken on Guadeloupe. Petit’s species was described from Grande Terre and Redfield’s from Guadeloupe.
428349—42-_5
62 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Subfamily APEROSTOMINAE Torre and Bartsch
This subfamily is defined on p. 38.
KEY TO THE GENERA OF WEST INDIAN APEROSTOMINAE
Basal chondroid plate produced into fimbriations.
Spire with spiral keels,or cords_______._-.—-----______-_--- Crocidopoma Spire without spiral keels or cords. Peristome with a breathing notch_---_---___--_____--_-_- Cyclojamaicia Peristome without a breathing notch__---_---_--__--- Cyclovendreysia
Basal chondroid plate not produced into fimbriations. Operculum with a strongly elevated calcareous lamella.
Lamelia incurved! throughouts22222 2 Cyclopilsbrya Lamella not incurved throughout. Lamella expanded at free edge-------------------- Ptychocochlis Lamella not expanded at free edge_--__-__--_------------- Poteria Operculum without a strongly elevated calcareous lamella____ Aperostoma
Genus CROCIDOPOMA Shuttleworth
For definition of Crocidopoma see p. 39.
Our knowledge of the anatomy of Crocidopoma (Crocidopoma) wortex elevatum is based upon a very poorly preserved specimen of the animal of this species. It shows a radula having the formula 3: 3: 3: 2. The male reproductive system resembles that of Amphicyclotulus.
A key to the subgenera of Crocidopoma will be found on p. 39.
Subgenus CRocIpOPOMA Shuttleworth
1857. Crocidopoma SHUTTLEWORTH, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 5, pp. 271-272. 1891. Crocidopoma Crosss, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 39, p. 160.
In this subgenus the flocculations of the operculum extend very greatly beyond the edge of the calcareous lamella.
Type: Cyclostoma (Cyclotus) flocedsum Shuttleworth=Crocido- poma (Crocidopoma) floccosum (Shuttleworth).
This subgenus is confined to Hispaniola.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS CROCIDOPOMA ?
Subsutural ‘Spiral* keel ‘very ‘strong: —2 eS soi ee eee vortex Subsutural spiral keel not very strong. Suture very broadly channeled.
Shell planorboid2 22 "2222 eee ee casuelense
Shell’ depressed-helicoid=2_- == 24 ee milleri Suture not very broadly channeled.
Shell helicoid {2222 eee ee __ orcutti
Shell depressed-helicoid_.._—_.- _- .. =. = SE ee eee ee abbotti
20. (C.) floccosum (Shuttleworth) is not included in this key for lack of material for differential comparison with material at hand, none of our specimens satisfying the description thereof.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 63 CROCIDOPOMA (CROCIDOPOMA) VORTEX (Weinland)
Shell small, almost lenticular with a thin yellowish-brown perio- stracum, which is usually worn on the keels, exposing them as white lines. The denuded shell is white. Nuclear whorls 1.5, strongly rounded, smooth. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded and marked by elevated spiral keels, of which 6 are present between the summit and the suture on the first turn and 7 on the remaining whorls. On the last half of the last turn there are usually intercalated threads. Periphery well rounded. Base well rounded and marked by 5 strong keels between the periphery and the edge of the umbilicus, 5 more being present on the umbilical wall. The umbilicus is open and the whorls can be seen within. Aperture very slightly oblique, circular ; peristome rendered sinuous by the spiral cords. Operculum typically crocidopomid.
The species is restricted to the southwestern peninsula.
We are recognizing two subspecies, which the following key will help to differentiate :
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CROCIDOPOMA VORTEX
ShellMilenticnilars Wee ae eee ee oe ee er ae ree eee ee are ee vortex Shell depressed-helicoid 2204. Sh ee) See ee ee eee elevatum
CROCIDOPOMA (CROCIDOPOMA) VORTEX VORTEX (Weinland) PLATE 11, Figures 13-15
1862. Cyclostoma vortex WEINLAND, Malak. Blitter, vol. 9, p. 90. 1869. Cyclotus vortex PFEIFFER, Noy. Conch., vol. 3, p. 445, pl. 98, figs. 17-20.
Shell small, almost lenticular, with a pale yellowish-brown peri- ostracum, which when worn from the strong spiral keels leaves the white shell below exposed. Nuclear whorls 1.5, strongly rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, marked by decidedly ele- vated spiral keels, of which 6 are present between summit and suture on the first turn, and 7 on the remaining turns. On the last half of the last turn intercalated finer threads appear between the heavy keels. In addition to the spiral keels the shell is marked by rather strong incremental lines. The space between the very strongly ele- vated keel near the summit and the summit of the whorl makes the suture a deeply impressed channel. Periphery well rounded. Base well rounded, marked like the spire, 5 strong keels being present between the periphery and the edge of the umbilicus and 5 more on the umbilical wall. The umbilicus is broad and extends to the very first whorl. The last turn is solute for about one-twentieth of a turn. Aperture very slightly oblique, circular; peristome ren- dered slightly sinuous by the spiral cords and somewhat notched by
64 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
the first spiral cord below the suture, which undoubtedly when closed by the operculum leaves a breathing space. Operculum typically crocidopomid.
This subspecies has a rather wide range along the coast of the southern peninsula. We have many specimens, from many stations, ranging from Port-au-Prince around the end of the island, down the south coast to near Aquin, to some of the outlying small islands of the region. Throughout this range the shells are fairly constant, differing, however, materially in size in the individual colonies and also in the amount of solution with the last turn. In an exceedingly large old individual this may extend over considerably more space than in those not quite so big. Specimens collected by Henderson and Simpson at La Ferrier, Haiti, U.S.N.M. Nos. 162982 and 490072, and by W. L. Abbott at Sostia, Dominican Republic, U.S.N.M. Nos. 336766 and 336788, both near the north coast of Hispaniola, are indis- tinguishable from those of the south peninsula.
The specimen that has served for my description and figure, U.S.N.M. No. 403073, comes from the type locality, a little west of Jérémie. It has 4.1 whorls and measures: Height, 6.7 mm.; greater diameter, 11.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 9.0 mm.
A very large specimen from Anse du Clerc, Dept. du Sud, U.S.N.M. No. 401741, has 4.6 whorls and measures: Height, 9.9 mm.; greater diameter, 14.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 9.8 mm.
CROCIDOPOMA (CROCIDOPOMA) VORTEX ELEVATUM, new subspecies
PLATE 11, FicuRes 16-18
This subspecies agrees completely in its sculpture with the typical form. It differs materially from it, however, in being much more elevated and in having the keel at the summit much more closely ap- proximated to the preceding turn, thus making the channeled suture much narrower. The specimens were collected on top of Mount Rochelois.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535846, was collected by W. J. Eyerdam and measures: Height, 8.9 mm.; greater diameter, 12.4 mm.; lesser di- ameter, 9.9 mm.
CROCIDOPOMA (CROCIDOPOMA) FLOCCOSUM (Shuttleworth) PLATE 12, FIGURE 16 1857. Cyclostoma (Cyclotus) floccosum SHUTTLEWORTH, Journ Conchyl., vol. 5, pp. 268, 272.
1863. Oyclotus floccosus REEVE, Conchologia iconica, vol. 14, sp. 48.
Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed, thin, with incremental hair lines and closely spaced, slightly nodulose, spiral keels, which alternate
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 65
in strength, whitish with a thin soiled-yellow periostracum. The apex does not project materially and is rather obtuse. Suture deeply channeled. Whorls 4.5, convex, the last descending, keeled above and solute. Aperture scarcely oblique, circular; peristome simple and acute. Operculum typical. Height, 7.0 mm.; greater diameter, 12.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 9.0 mm. Aperture, 4 mm. broad and wide.
The above is a translation of Shuttleworth’s description to which he adds, “Habitat, Haiti Sallé.”
I have mapped Sallé’s travels in the island of Hispaniola. They did not extend into the range of what I am here calling C. (C.) vortex (Weinland), which occupies the western portion of the south penin- sula, and which has been at times confused with the present species.
QC. (C.) floccosum (Shuttleworth) is from Santo Domingo. The United States National Museum collection contains other species from Santo Domingo, but it does not have representatives of C. (C.) floc- cosum. For that reason I am copying Reeve’s figure.
CROCIDOPOMA (CROCIDOPOMA) CASUELENSE Crosse Puate 41, FiguREs 7-9
1891. Crocidopoma casuelense Crosse, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 39, p. 161. 1902. Crocidopoma casuelense Kozett, Das Tierreich, Cyclophoridae, pp. 259-260, fig. 54.
Shell planorbid, covered with a thin yellow periostracum (nuclear whorls decollated). The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded and marked by strong spiral keels, of which 7 are present on the first remaining turn between the summit and the periphery, and 12 on the same space on the last turn. The first keel at the suture is only a trifle heavier than the remaining ones. The spaces between these keels are broader than the keels. The axial sculpture consists of fine hair lines, and the last whorl is solute for about one-tenth of a turn. Suture very deeply impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base very broadly openly umbilicated and marked by 6 spiral keels equaling in strength those on the spire. There are 7 additional spiral keels of equal strength and spacing on the umbilical wall. On the base and umbilical wall the keels are narrower than the spaces that separate them. Aperture subcircular; peristome slightly reflected, thin. Operculum typically crocidopomid.
The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 331865, is one of the Redfield collection collected by Cuming. It has 3 postnuclear whorls remaining and measures: Height, 5.2 mm.; greater diameter, 10.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 7.7 mm. I have been unable to locate the exact position of Casuela in Hispaniola.
66 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
CROCIDOPOMA (CROCIDOPOMA) MILLERI, new species
PLATE 12, Figures 1-3
Shell helicoid, covered with a pale brown periostracum, or at least one would be led to believe so by the fragments clinging to the speci- men at hand. Nuclear whorls about 1.6, well rounded, smooth. Post- nuclear whorls inflated, very strongly rounded, marked by rather slender, rather broad, spiral cords, of which 11 are present on the last two turns between summit and suture. These are separated by spaces only a little wider than the cords. The one at the summit is broader than the rest and the space between the summit and this is deeply inbent to form a wide channel at the suture. Periphery strongly rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, marked by 10 spiral cords which equal those of the spire in strength and spacing. Umbilicus moderately broad, the umbilical wall of the last whorl bears 6 spiral cords. Aperture circular; peristome rendered slightly sinuous by the spiral cords, slightly notched at the heavy cord near the summit. Operculum?
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 389796, has 3.7 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 7.0 mm.; greater diameter, 9.9 mm.; lesser diame- ter, 7.4 mm. It was collected by Gerrit S. Miller on the slope of Loma de Cielo, Bohoruco Mountains, at an altitude of 3,000 feet, Polo, Barahona District, Dominican Republic.
CROCIDOPOMA (CROCIDOPOMA) ORCUTTI, new species
PLATE 12, FIGURES 36-38
Shell large for the genus, depressed-helicoid, covered by a pale yel- lowish periostracum. Nuclear whorls 1.5, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, marked by moderately elevated spiral cords, of which 8 are present on the first, 10 on the sec- ond, and 16 on the last part of the last turn between summit and peri- phery. These cords increase in number by intercalation and therefore vary considerably in strength. The first one near the summit, how- ever, is always stronger than the rest. In addition to this the shell is marked by rather strong incremental lines, which are more or less hairlike and give to the spiral cords an almost granular aspect. Suture profoundly narrowly channeled. Periphery well rounded. Base strongly rounded, moderately broadly umbilicated, marked by 9 spiral cords between which finer threads are present at the termination of the last whorl. The umbilical wall bears 6 spiral cords with an inter- calated one between the outer heavy keels. Last whorl solute for about one-twentieth of a turn. Aperture slightly oblique, almost cir- cular, with a slight notch formed by the subsutural keel; peristome smooth. Operculum typically crocidopomid.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 67
This species was collected by Charles R. Orcutt on Gimbi Mountain in the southwestern part of the southern peninsula of Haiti.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535847, has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 11 mm.; greater diameter, 14 mm.; lesser diameter, 10.8 mm.
CROCIDOPOMA (CROCIDOPOMA) ABBOTTI, new species
PLATE 12, Figures 13-15
Shell almost lenticular, white (it has lost its periostracum). Nuclear whorls? Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, marked by slender, well elevated, spiral keels, of which 6 are present between summit and suture on the first, 8 on the second, and 9 on the last whorl. These keels are only about one-fourth as wide as the spaces that separate them. The first one near the summit is much stronger and broader than the rest and is notched at the peristome to furnish a breathing space. Suture narrowly and profoundly channeled. Periphery well rounded. Base strongly rounded, marked by 6 slender spiral keels. The umbilicus is very broad and profound. The wall on the last whorl bears 5 spiral keels. The last whorl is solute for about one-thirtieth of aturn. Aperture circular, very slightly oblique; peristome simple, except that it is rendered wavy by the spiral cords. Operculum?
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 356197, a broken specimen, has lost the nuclear whorls and part of the last turn. The 2.3 whorls remaining measure: Height, 6.3 mm.; greater diameter, 10.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 7.4mm. This was collected by Dr. Abbott at “Cave, Savanna, 1 hour west of Maniel Viejo, Bohoruco Mts.,” southwest Dominican Republic ; altitude, 2,510 feet.
A young specimen, U.S.N.M. No. 389873, was collected by Gerrit 8S. Miller at Polo, District Barahona, Bohoruco Mountains, altitude 2,000 feet, Dominican Republic.
While I dislike to base a species on an imperfect specimen, for the sake of completeness I am here doing so.
CYCLOJAMAICIA, new genus
Medium-sized aperostomids of almost lenticular form, with deeply channeled suture and a decided narrow notch in the peristome at the posterior angle of the aperture, which leaves on the preceding parts of the whorls at this part of the shell a rough raised cord. Operculum with a multispiral, strongly elevated, obliquely outward curved cal- careous lamella between the turns of which project thin scalelike fimbri- ations, the outer extension of the basal chondroid elements; on the in- ner turns these are worn off to the length of the calcerous lamella, while on the outer margin in perfect specimens they project to fully triple the width of the calcareous lamella as partly overlapping, obli-
68 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
quely placed shingles. These fimbriations therefore are not merely a cutting up of the expanded basal chondroid plate, but they represent in a measure a decidedly folded and cut feature. These fimbriations on the outer whorl are also somewhat fluted. They are as thin as tissue paper and unless very carefully handled might easily be destroyed.
Type: Cyclostoma suturale Sowerby=Cyclojamaicia suturalis (Sowerby).
The genus is confined to Jamaica.
The radulae of Cyclojamaicia bondi (Vanatta) and C. suturalis (Sowerby) show the formula 3:3:3:3. The jaw of C. bondi is with- out median projection. The verge of both is situated on the back of the neck behind the tentacles and is swollen basally. It is traversed by a seminal groove only. The terminal appendage is very short and appears almost chitinized and is shaped like a single turn of the tip of a wood screw.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF GENUS OCYCLOJAMAICIA
Suturall channeli wid@ee ee fee ae nace Bene Oe ee ee bondi Sutural-channel narrows se ae ee suturalis
CYCLOJAMAICIA BONDI (Vanatta) PLATE 12, Fiaures 7-9
1936. Poteria (Crocidopoma) bondi VAnatTra, Nautilus, vol. 49, pp. 98-99.
Shell lenticular, very broadly umbilicated, covered with a brownish wax-colored periostracum. Nuclear whorls about 1. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, the first without a keel at the summit, the rest with the strongly rounded keel at some distance from the preceding turn, which leaves a broadly channeled suture between that and the keel. The postnuclear whorls are marked by very closely spaced, hairlike, sublamellar axial riblets. In crossing the keel at the summit these become decidedly backward bent. Periphery well rounded. Base well rounded, marked like the spire. Aperture circular with a notch at the posterior keel as in Cyclojamaicia suturalis (Sowerby). Operculum as described in the generic diagnosis.
The specimen figured is one of a series, U.S.N.M. No. 399392, collected by Charles R. Orcutt at Retreat, 1 mile west of Great House, St. Ann Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.2 whorls and measures: Height, 6.1 mm.; greater diameter, 13.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 9.5 mm.
We have 22 lots of this species in the collection of the U. S. National Museum, which range from Stewart Town in a curve east to Moneague in St. Ann Parish.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 69
CYCLOJAMAICIA SUTURALIS (Sowerby) PLATE 12, Figures 10-12
1843. Cyclostoma suturale Sowrrsy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 11, p. 29. 1848. Cyclostoma suturale G. B. Sowersy, Thesaurus Conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 91, pl. 23, figs. 1-2.
Shell lenticular, very widely umbilicated, covered with an oliva- ceous, wax-colored periostracum. Nuclear whorls about 1, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, the first one with a normal suture, the rest with a decidedly elevated keel, sep- arated from the preceding turn by a very deeply channeled suture. The keel in fact is a backward reflection of succeeding stages of the edge of the peristome, near the posterior angle of the aperture, where there exists a sinus, which forms a notch in the peristome, which serves as a breathing pore when the operculum closes the aperture. The postnuclear whorls are marked by very closely spaced, hairlike, sublamellar axial riblets. These in crossing the keel at the summit become decidedly backward bent. Periphery well rounded. Base well rounded, marked like the spire. Aperture circular, except- ing the sinus at the posterior angle referred to above. Peristome simple. Operculum as described in the generic diagnosis.
The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535685, is one of four collected by Dr. H. Burrington Baker at his station J22, that is, the hill north of Rotten Gut, Manchester Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 7.0 mm.; greater diameter, 14.4 mm.; lesser diameter, 10.6 mm.
We have 23 additional lots of this species, all of which come from the edge of the Cockpit country, from the northeastern part of St. Elizabeth to the northwestern part of Manchester Parish and the extreme southern part of Trelawny Parish. All this material comes from within a radius of 6 miles.
This species is easily distinguished from Cyclojamaicia bondi (Vanatta) by its much narrower channeled suture between the sum- mit and the keel. Furthermore, the keel at the summit in sutwralis is acute, while in C. bondi it is rounded.
Sowerby, in describing this species, said that G. C. Bainbridge, of Liverpool, had received a few specimens many years ago from the woods of Demerara. This is undoubtedly a mistake, for nothing like it has ever been reported from the mainland.
CYCLOVENDREYSIA, new genus
Small, planorboid, widely umbilicated aperostomids, the whorls of which are circular in cross section, the sculpture consisting of incremental threads only. Operculum with a multispiral calcareous lamella, which is outward reflected to touch the succeeding turn at
70 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
the outer edge, leaving a tear-drop-shaped space separating them basally. This lamella bears strong oblique threads. The dorsal chondroid plate is projected and upward turned at the outer edge of the last whorl to the height of the calcareous lamella or slightly above it. The upturned edge is slightly fimbriated.
Type: Cyclostoma dubiosum C. B. Adams= Cyclovendreysia dubiosa (C. B. Adams).
We have been unable so far to find a male of this species. The radula has the formula 3:3:3:3, and the jaw lacks distinct median projections.
CYCLOVENDREYSIA DUBIOSA (C. B. Adams) PuatTe 12, Figures 46
1851. Cyclostoma dubiosum C. B. ApAMs, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 5, p. 81.
Shell lenticular, very widely openly umbilicated, covered with a brownish wax-colored periostracum. There is one nuclear turn, which is rounded and smooth. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, separated by a profoundly impressed suture and marked by slender, almost vertical, closely placed, hairlike axial riblets, which are a little more distantly spaced on the first turn than on the re- maining turns. Periphery strongly rounded. Base very broadly openly umbilicated, well rounded, marked like the spire, which is also the sculpture of the umbilical wall. In cross section the whorls are circular. Aperture slightly oblique, circular; peristome simple. Operculum described in our generic diagnosis.
The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 356120, is one of several col- lected by John B. Henderson at Ipswich, St. Elizabeth Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 6.5 mm.; greater diameter, 14.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 11.0 mm.
The United States National Museum contains 22 lots, and in addi- tion to this I have seen two lots from the C. B. Adams collection and four from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
The material before me enables me to say that the species ranges from the northwestern corner of St. Elizabeth Parish northward to Montego Bay, St. James Parish, through Trelawny to Browns Town, St. Ann Parish. Throughout this range it shows no differen- tiation into races.
While the shell in general form resembles Cyclojamaicia suturalis (Sowerby) and @. bondi (Vanatta), its entirely different operculum and absence of sutural keel remove it at once from that complex.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA Tal CYCLOPILSBRYA, new genus
Medium-sized aperostomine mollusks having a strongly elevated spiral lamella on the outside of the whorls of the operculum, which is concavely curved on the inside.
Type: Cyclostoma jugosum C. B. Adams=Cyclopilsbrya ( Cyclo- pilsbrya) jugosa (C. B. Adams).
The anatomy of @. (C.) caribaea (Clench and Aguayo) shows the radula formula 3:3:3:3.
The genus presents two primary modifications, which may be defined as subgenera, as follows.
KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF GENUS CYCLOPILSBRYA
Lamella curving uniformly inward to a sharp edge-----------~- Cyclopilsbrya Lamella not curving uniformly inward to a sharp edge, but with a
broadly expanded fold, which extends from the outside of the free
edge outward and downward almost to meet the next turn___ Cyclocaymania
CYCLOPILSBRYA, new subgenus
In this subgenus the strongly raised spiral lamella is curved inward and its free outer margin is sharp.
Type: Cyclostoma jugosum C. B. Adams=Cycelopilsbrya (Cyclo- pilsbrya) jugosa (C. B. Adams).
This subgenus is confined to western Jamaica, where it ranges through the parishes of Hanover, St. James, Westmoreland, and St. Elizabeth.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS CYCLOPILSBRYA *
Umbilical keel well developed. Wrinkled sculpture of base strong.
Shell large, greater diameter more than 20 mm-____ westmorelandensis
Shell small, greater diameter less than 15 mm_------~---~ hendersoni Wrinkled sculpture of base feeble.
Pits outside of umbilical keel profound__-~~---------- glenburniensis
Pits outside of umbilical keel not profound___---_-~-~----- rupisfontis
Umbilical keel obsolete. Umbilicus very broad.
Retractively slanting axial ribs of base very regular____--___-- striosa Retractively slanting axial ribs of base very irregular_______~~ jugosa Umbilicus not very broad. Shell large, greater diameter more than 24 mm-_----_----__-- caribaea Shell small, greater diameter less than 18 mm. Sculpture coarsely wrinkled___-~---------------------- rufilabris Sculpture not coarsely wrinkled_--~----~~-------~------ asperula
31 have not seen C. (C.) beswicki (Chitty) and therefore have not included it in this key.
72 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) WESTMORELANDENSIS (Chitty) PLATE 12, Ficures 30-82
1857. Cyclotus westmorelandensis Cuirry, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, . 156. 1898. ease (Plectocyclotus) westmorelandensis KoBELT and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrbl. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139, reprint. 1912. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) varians thielei Kosert, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol. 1, sec. 19, pt. 3, p. 944, pl. 141, figs. 10-12.
Shell large, helicoid, the early whorls red, the last one pale brown with the appressed summit almost white. The nucleus consists of 1.5 well-rounded smooth turns. The rest of the whorls are marked by rather strong axial ribs, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. They are very regular on the early turns but become less so on the last whorl owing to the additional wrinkled sculpture. Beginning with the fourth turn, rather large, feebly de- veloped, and irregularly distributed wrinkles, which fade out on the last part of the last turn, make their appearance. These wrinkles are best emphasized below the appressed summit. Suture strongly impressed on all but the last turn where the summit creeps up on the preceding turn and forms a cord. Periphery well rounded and marked by the wrinkling characteristic of the upper surface of the last turn. Base inflated, strongly rounded, moderately broadly, openly umbilicated and marked by a series of very strong, oblique, retractively slanting, short cords, which radiate from the outer edge of the umbilicus, but do not reach the middle of the base. The spaces separating these cords are not quite as wide as the cords. The rest of the base is feebly malleated. The umbilical wall is marked by obsolete ribs, which are the continuation of the strong oblique cords mentioned above. These, as well as their interspaces, are crossed by incremental lines. Aperture circular, oblique, decidedly protracted into a clawlike element at the posterior angle; the outer lip of the peristome is exca- vated below the summit and protracted on the middle, thin at the edge, with the inner lip thickened. Operculum typically cyclopilsbryid.
The specimen figured is one of two, U.S.N.M. No. 356099, received from C. B. Adams. It has 5.5 whorls and measures: Height, 19.2 mm.; greater diameter, 23.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 17.3 mm. It is without specific locality label.
The species appears confined to the south side of Westmoreland Parish, Jamaica, east of Savanna la Mar.
CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) HENDERSONI, new species
PLATE 12, FiacuREs 21-23
Shell very small, helicoid. Nuclear whorls pale; the succeeding whorls reddish; the last one yellowish, covered with a thin yellowish
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 73
periostracum. The nucleus consists of 1.5 well-rounded smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by rather irregular wrinkled axial riblets. In addition to this, be- ginning with the second half of the first postnuclear whorl, wrinkles irregular in size and distribution make their appearance. These are rather coarse, particularly so on the last whorl. Suture well im- pressed, a little less so on the last part of the last whorl. Periphery well rounded and marked by the continuation of the wrinkles. Base inflated, strongly rounded, openly umbilicated with a low keel marking the outer edge of the umbilicus. The entire base is marked by very strong wrinkles, which almost assume the form of nodules, the spaces between them being strongly impressed pits. The umbilical wall is marked by coarse, low, rounded, broad ribs which in turn are crossed by the incremental lines. Aperture circular, protracted into an angle at the posterior angle; outer lip of the peristome thin, the inner rather thickened. Operculum typically cyclopilsbryid.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 57764, was received from C. B. Adams. It has 4.9 whorls and measures: Height, 9.9 mm.; greater diameter, 14.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 11.0 mm.
No definite locality accompanies this specimen, but the same species was obtained by Henderson near Kings, Westmoreland Parish, Jamaica, which is the only locality we have for it. Kings is on the south coast of Westmoreland near the boundary of St. Elizabeth Parish.
CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) GLENBURNIENSIS, new species Puate 12, Ficurres 18-20
Shell large, helicoid, the denuded specimens soiled yellowish white. The nucleus consists of almost 1.5 well-rounded smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded and marked by retractively curved, closely approximated, rather broad axial riblets, which are quite regular on the early whorls but become sinuous and slightly irregular on the last whorl. Beginning with the middle half of the penultimate whorl wrinkles make their appearance. These gain in strength with the increasing whorls, but again fade out on the last one-tenth of the last turn. These wrinkles are irregular in strength and distribution and extend in a more or less zigzag pattern from the summit toward the periphery in the best-developed portion. Su- ture well impressed except on the last half of the turn, which creeps up on the preceding whorl. Periphery well rounded. Base strongly rounded, moderately broadly openly umbilicated, with a very strong keel marking the outer edge of the umbilicus. The umbilical side of this keel is limited by a decided excavation. On the outside a series of rather distantly spaced, protractively curved, short, stout
74 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
riblets radiate from the keel, leaving broad impressed pits between them. These riblets do not extend over more than one-third of the base; the rest of the base is marked by incremental lines and slight pittings. Aperture circular, protracted into a clawlike element at the posterior angle; outer lip of the peristome thin, the inner somewhat thickened, particularly so at the umbilical keel. Operculum typically cyclopilsbryid.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535965, was collected by Orcutt on Glen- burnie Mountains, Westmoreland Parish, Jamaica. It has 5.8 whorls and measures: Height, 19.2 mm.; greater diameter, 26.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 19.4 mm.
Four additional lots from the immediate type locality are in the col- lection of the National Museum.
The profound pits outside of the umbilical keel readily distinguish this species from C. (C@.) rupisfontis (Chitty), which it most nearly resembles.
CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) RUPISFONTIS (Chitty)
PLATE 12, FicuRES 24-26
1857. Cyclotus rupisfontis Curtrry, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 155. 1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) rupisfontis Kopetr and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139, reprint.
Shell of medium size, elevated helicoid, covered with a dark chest- nut-brown periostracum except the region immediately below the summit, which is buff. There are also frequently spiral lines of the buff coloration on the last part of the last turn. The nucleus con- sists of 1.3 well rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are inflated, strongly rounded; the first is marked by very regular, strongly elevated axial riblets, which are separated by spaces about as wide as the riblets. Beyond this turn the axial sculpture becomes irregular and the riblets become more or less sinuous on the next whorl, while on the last whorl they are very sinuous and the indi- viduals vary materially in strength from the summit to the periphery, forming in fact a series of jointed slight wrinkles. In addition to this, there are heavy wrinkles on the last whorl, which are also irregular and slope in a general, slightly protractive direction. They are strongest on the middle of the turns and weaken toward the summit and the periphery and lend to the last whorl an irregularly nodulose aspect. Suture well impressed except on the last turn, which creeps very strongly up on the preceding turn, to which it is appressed, leaving a slight concave area below its summit. Pe- riphery well rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, rather nar- rowly umbilicated, provided with a strong keel at the outer edge of the umbilicus. On the umbilical side the keel is strongly inpinched,
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 75
while on the outside there is scarcely any impression. The umbilical keel itself is rendered rough by the incremental lines and immediately outside of this there are a few faint obsolete pits. The rest of the base is almost smooth or at best exceedingly faintly, irregularly, obsoletely nodulose. Aperture circular, protracted into a decidedly clawlike element at the posterior angle; outer lip of the peristome thin, the inner thickened, particularly so at the junction with the basal keel. Operculum typically cyclopilsbryid.
The specimen figured, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, No. 174180, is one of a series collected by Dr. H. B. Baker on the hills north of Retreat, Westmoreland Parish, Jamaica. It has 5 whorls and meas- ures: Height, 19.0 mm.; greater diameter, 24.3 mm.; lesser diameter, 18.0 mm. It resembles most closely @. (C.) glenburniensis, from which the feeble basal sculpture will readily differentiate it.
The species is found on both sides of the boundary on the south side of Westmoreland and St. Elizabeth Parishes.
CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) STRIOSA (Chitty) PLATE 12, FicuRES 27-29 1857. Cyclotus jugosus striosus Cuirry, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 156.
Shell very small, decidedly depressed-helicoid; the early whorls reddish, gradually changing to wax yellow on the last turn. The nucleus consists of about 1.5 strongly elevated smooth turns; the succeeding whorls are marked by strongly elevated axial ribs, which are not quite so wide as the spaces that separate them, and which on the last turn are most conspicuous on the oblique wrinkles. Be- ginning with the last whorl, rather rough, decidedly obliquely re- tractively slanting cords, which are about as wide as or a little wider than the spaces that separate them, make their appearance. ‘These cords are well elevated and extend enfeebled to the summit. Near the summit they assume a little more vertical direction. Suture strongly constricted, even on the last whorl. Periphery well rounded and marked by the sculpture of the spire. Base inflated, strongly rounded, very openly umbilicated, with the merest indication of an umbilical keel. The strong oblique cords described for the spire ex- tend over the entire base and pass down on the umbilical wall as less strong riblets. Aperture circular, slightly angulated at the posterior angle; outer lip of the peristome thin; the inner is slightly thickened. Operculum typically cyclopilsbryid.
The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 168515, is one of a lot col- lected by Henderson and Simpson at Ipswich in the northwestern part of St. Elizabeth Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.5 whorls and meas- ures: Height, 9.8 mm.; greater diameter, 14.4 mm.; lesser diameter 10.8 mm.
76 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
We have many additional lots collected by Charles R. Orcutt from the same general region.
The small size and the depressed-helicoid form will differentiate this from all the other members of the genus.
CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) JUGOSA (C. B. Adams) PLATE 12, FicurEs 33-35; PLAT 42, Fieures 11-13
1852. Cyclostoma jugosum C. B. ApaMs, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 5, . 59. 1852. joi jugosus PFEIFFER, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium, vol. 1, p. 27. 1857. Cyclotus jugosus parva CuiTty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 156. 1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) jugosus Koperr and MO.LeNnporFr, Nachrb. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 188, reprint.
Shell very large, decidedly depressed-helicoid, almost planorbid, covered with a pale brown periostracum. The nuclear whorls are flesh colored, the succeeding whorls reddish, gradually paling to flesh color. The nucleus consists of 1.6 inflated, well-rounded, smooth whorls. The succeeding turns are marked by strongly elevated, slen- der, very regular, slightly retractively curved axial riblets, which are about one-third as wide as the spaces that separate them. On the last turn and a half strong wrinkles make their appearance, which are arranged in a peculiar zigzag pattern, the zigzagging being very broad. These wrinkles are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. On the last half of the last turn the zigzag arrangement becomes less conspicuous and the sculpture assumes more the character of nodulation. Suture well impressed on all the turns. Periphery well rounded and marked by the continuation of the sculpture of the spire. Base inflated, strongly rounded, and marked with strong oblique cords near the umbilicus, which have a protracted slant. The rest of the base is marked by finer irregular cords, which are irregu- larly distributed but very strongly developed. Umbilicus broad and open. The umbilical wall is marked by strong, almost sublamellar axial riblets and lines of growth. Aperture circular, oblique, slightly protracted at the posterior angle; outer lip of the peristome thin at edge, the inner somewhat thickened. Operculum typically cyclo- pilsbryid.
The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 100685, is one of a large series collected by Orcutt between Ipswich and Springfield, near the 4-mile milestone, St. Elizabeth Parish, Jamaica. It has 5.1 whorls and measures: Height, 16.7 mm.; greater diameter, 27.8 mm.; lesser diam- eter, 20.4 mm.
This species is readily distinguished from @. (@.) striosa (Chitty) by its very large size and irregular cording of the base. Chitty described this as Cyclotus jugosus parva. We find that the size of
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA C6
this species varies very greatly, and that specimens meeting all the requirements of Chitty’s parva may be found in any of the colonies. They merely represent individual variation, not zoogeographic races.
This species is distributed through western St. Elizabeth Parish and the adjacent region of Westmoreland Parish.
CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) CARIBAEA (Clench and Aguayo) Puate 13, Fiaures 48-45
1848. Cyclostoma corrugatum G. B. Sowrrpy, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, vol. 11, p. 30 (not Cyclostoma corrugatum Menke, Synopsis methodica mol- luscorum .. . p. 89, 1830).
1935. Poteria caribaea CLENCH and AcuAyo, Nautilus, vol. 49, p. 51, pl. 3, figs. 5, 6.
Shell large, helicoid. The nuclear whorls are pale brown, while the succeeding turns are chestnut-brown, gradually fading to flesh color. The nucleus consists of 1.5 well rounded, smooth turns. The post- nuclear whorls are inflated, strongly rounded, all but the last 1.5 turns marked by slender, rather weak and moderately distantly spaced, slightly retractive axial riblets. The last 1.5, in addition to this sculpture, are marked by strong wrinkles, which are very strong near the summit and there almost vertical in position; below this there are oblique wrinkles, which are arranged in a more or less ill-defined zigzag fashion. Suture strongly impressed except on the last turn, which is slightly appressed to the preceding turn. Periphery strongly rounded and marked by the continuation of the axial sculpture. Base inflated, strongly rounded, with very coarse, oblique, protractively slanting wrinkled cords, which radiate from the outer edge of the umbilicus toward the periphery, weakening somewhat toward the periphery. The base is rather narrowly openly umbilicated and the umbilical wall is marked by coarse, almost lamellar axial riblets and fine lines of growth. Aperture circular, slightly protracted into an angle at the posterior angle; outer lip thin, the inner somewhat thickened. Operculum typically cyclopilsbryid.
The specimen figured is one of a lot, U.S.N.M. No. 535696, collected by B. W. Oruda at Spring Mount, St. James Parish, Jamaica, and received from the Museum of Comparative Zoology. It has 5 whorls and measures: Height, 16.8 mm.; greater diameter, 24.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 18.0 mm.
This species was first recognized by G. B. Sowerby, who called it Cyclostoma corrugatum; that name being preoccupied by Menke’s corrugatum, the adoption of Clench and Aguayo’s name caribaea becomes necessary.
The species is rather widely distributed, ranging through Hanover, Westmoreland, St. James, and St. Elizabeth Parishes.
428349426
78 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) RUFILABRIS (Chitty) PLATE 13, Figures 1-3
1857. Cyclotus jugosus rufilabris Cuirry, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 156.
Shell small, helicoid. Nuclear whorls flesh colored, the succeeding rose red, the rest brown with a reddish flush; aperture red. The nucleus consists of a little more than a well-rounded, smooth turn. The postnuclear whorls are marked by rather closely spaced, poorly developed, slightly retractively curved axial riblets. Beginning with the last half of the penultimate whorl irregular wrinkles make their appearance. These are strongest immediately anterior to the summit, where they appear as groups of heavy broad nodules. Anterior to this the finer cords, which are decidedly oblique and irregular, are present. Suture well impressed on all the whorls except the last part of the last, in which the summit creeps up on the preceding turn. The periphery is well rounded and marked by the continuation of the sculpture of the spire. Base inflated, strongly rounded, with very strong, protractively curved, oblique wrinkles, which are separated by spaces as wide as the wrinkles. These do not extend to the periphery, but fade out toward the middle of the base, the anterior part being sculptured like the upper surface. The umbilicus is not very broad and its wall is marked by rather strong axial ribs, which, like the spaces between them, bear fine incremental lines. Aperture circular, decidedly oblique, protracted into an angle at the posterior angle; outer lip of the peristome thin, the inner somewhat thickened. Operculum typically cyclopilsbryid.
The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 356148, bears the label “Ja- maica,” without detailed locality. It has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 12.2 mm.; greater diameter, 16.8 mm. ; lesser diameter, 12.5 mm.
Three additional lots are in the collection of the National Museum. Two of these come from Balaclava, St. Elizabeth Parish, and another from Pepper, St. Elizabeth Parish.
This species resembles most nearly C. (C.) asperula (Sowerby), from which it can readily be distinguished by its stronger sculpture.
CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) ASPERULA (Sowerby) PLATE 13, FIGURES 4-6
1843. Cyclostoma asperulum SoweErBy, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 91, pl. 23. fis, 3:
1852. Cyclotus asperulus PFEIFFER, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium, vole dips 21.
1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) asperulus KoseELT and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138, reprint.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 79
Shell small, helicoid, flesh colored, with a brownish flush. The nu- cleus consists of a little more than a single turn, which is well rounded and smooth. The postnuclear whorls are inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by feeble, retractively curved axial riblets, which are about half as wide as the spaces that separate them. On the last 1.5 turns feeble wrinkles make their appearance, which on the last whorl are very regularly developed and distributed. They are not very prom- inent even here. Suture moderately strongly impressed. Periphery strongly rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, very narrowly um- bilicated, marked by wrinkles, pits, and nodules. The umbilical wall is marked by slender riblets and lines of growth. Aperture circular, oblique, protracted into a clawlike element at the posterior angle; outer lip of the peristome thin, the inner somewhat thickened. Operculum typically cyclopilsbryid.
The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 474033, bears the label “Ja- maica,” without definite locality designation. It has 4.6 whorls and measures: Height, 12.3 mm.; greater diameter, 16.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 12.5 mm.
This species resembles in size and shape C. (C.) rufilabris (Chitty), from which it can be easily differentiated by its weak sculpture.
Two additional specimens in our collection are also without locality designation.
CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) BESWICKI (Chitty)
1857. Cyclotus beswicki Cuirry, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lendon, p. 157. 1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) beswicki Kospetr and MO6LLENporFF, Nachrb. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138, reprint.
I have not seen this species, so I quote Chitty’s description:
“Form, subglobose-conic. Colowr, pinkish, with light brown epi- dermis. Sculpture, very coarse lines of growth, very slight distant corrugation on the last whorl, coarser below; fine lines of growth within umbilical keel. Spire, well elevated, with almost straight outlines. Whorls, 514, moderately rounded, with moderate suture. Aperture, oblique and much dilated to the right below, depressed above. Peri- treme, slightly sinuate above, sharp on the right. Umbilicus, moderate, greatest width 0.25 [6.25 mm.]. Umbilical keel, strongly produced. Operculum, with lamina of about 9 much incurved close spiral whorls, which are very slightly concave on the entire margins; end of last a little incurved to preceding one. Height 0.75 [18.75 mm.]; greatest breadth 0.9 [22.5 mm.]; least breadth 0.74 [18.50 mm. ].
“Bogue Estate, north-east corner of St. Elizabeth.”
CYCLOCAYMANIA, new subgenus
In this subgenus the spiral lamella is curved inward to the very edge, but attached to its free edge on the later turns is a broad fold,
80 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
which extends in a curve downward and outward to almost meet the next whorl.
Type: Poteria caymanensis Pilsbry=Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclocay- mania) caymanensis (Pilsbry).
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS CYCLOCAYMANIA
Shell rugose.
Umbilicus: wides2= 34 = ee Bees Sa ee ee caymanensis Umbilicug: Narrows, (ses ee eee ee eee fonticula Shell noe srs OS ere ce ee a ee laevitesta
CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOCAYMANIA) CAYMANENSIS (Pilsbry) PLATE 138, FicurEs 7-9, 10-12 type
1930. Poteria caymanensis PILsBRY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Philadelphia, vol. 82, pl. 18, figs. 4, 5.
Shell small, depressed-helicoid, flesh colored when the periostracum is removed. Nuclear whorls 1.5, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls well rounded; the first with axial riblets, the rest with axial riblets which are less regular and toward the end become obsolete and decidedly irregular. On the middle of the postnuclear whorls there are decidedly obliquely retractively slanting rugae, which, com- bined with the axial sculpture, produce a decidedly rough surface. On the last part of the last turn the rugae almost disappear and the whorl, while still rough, is not as conspicuously patterned. Suture well impressed. Aperture rounded. Base openly umbilicated with a very strong carina marking the outer limits of the umbilicus. Within the umbilicus the shell is inpinched above the keel. The surface of the base has the rugations very strongly marked and here they appear quite regular and separated by spaces a little narrower than the raised ridges. The axial threads of growth here also are less pro- nounced, while on the umbilical wall the axial riblets are more em- phasized. Aperture decidedly oblique, somewhat peaked at the pos- terior angle; peristome moderately thickened. The last whorl is slightly descending and the peristome is therefore rendered free. Operculum ?
Dr. H. A. Pilsbry collected the type and the paratype of this species 1 mile south of Georgetown, Grand Cayman. They constitute Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia No. 150857. The type has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 8.7 mm.; greater diameter, 14.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 11.0 mm. The paratype has lost the early whorls. It measures: Height, 10.6 mm.; greater diameter, 16.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 12.8 mm.
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA sl CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOCAYMANIA) FONTICULA (Preston) PLATE 18, Figures 13-18; PLATE 42, Fiaures 6-7 1911. Neocyclotus fonticulus PRESTON, Proc. Malac. Soe. London, vol. 9, p. 359, fig.
Shell small, helicoid, covered with a wood-brown periostracum. Nuclear whorls 1.2, small, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, the first turn marked by slender, retractively curved axial riblets. Beyond this the axial riblets give way to semilamellar, more or less closely spaced, irregularly developed, retractively slanting axial elements. These are rendered rough and more or less wavy by retractively curved, broad rugae, which on the last part of the last turn become enfeebled and almost vanish toward the aperture. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base moderately well rounded, limited at the umbilicus by a very heavy keel. The base is sculptured by the continuation of the fine axial lamellae and by very strong, retractively curved, quite regular and regularly spaced cords, which are separated by grooves a little less wide than the cords. The base is openly umbilicated, the umbilicus being about one-third the width of the greater diameter of the shell. The umbilical wall appears excavated above the bounding keel and is marked by the axial lamella- tion only. In apparently very old, senescent individuals, the last whorl descends near the aperture. In a majority of specimens, however, this is not the case. Aperture decidedly oblique, subcircular. In the specimens where the last whorl is adnate to the preceding turn, the attachment to the parietal wall terminates in a lunate line and the peristome is protracted into a decided point at the posterior angle. In specimens where the last whorl is descending, the aperture becomes more nearly circular and the posterior angle shows a carina on the outside. Peristome simple; the outer lip thin; the inner lip, however, is materially thickened. Operculum typically cyclocaymanid.
Preston’s type shows the senescent state, and I am figuring two speci- mens, one corresponding to his figure, and another showing the more prevalent phase. These have 4.9 and 4.8 whorls, respectively, and measure: Height, 10.0, 9.1 mm.; greater diameter, 14.5, 14.6 mm.; lesser diameter, 11.5 and 11.0 mm., respectively.
These were selected from a large series of specimens, U.S.N.M. No. 466831, collected by T. Savage English on Grand Cayman Island, with- out specific locality.
Dr. H. A. Pilsbry obtained this species in the woods southwest of North Sound, and I found a dead specimen, U.S.N.M. No. 392278, at the church between St. George and Bowdentown.
82 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOCAYMANIA) LAEVITESTA (Pilsbry)
PLATE 13, FIcuRES 22-24
1930. Poteria laevitesta Pruspry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 82, pp. 227-228, pl. 16, figs. 18, 18a, 19, 19a.
Shell small, helicoid, covered with a honey-yellow periostracum. Nuclear whorls 1.4, small, well rounded, smooth. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded, the first marked by very regular, retrac- tively slanting axial riblets, which are not quite so wide as the spaces that separate them. After this the riblets become less regular and more inclined to be lamellose and closely approximated, which render the surface of the spire rather rough but without rugations. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery almost angulated. Base short, well rounded, marked like the spire with indications of fine spiral lirations. A strong keel forms the umbilical angle. The umbilical wall is excavated above this keel. The base also is devoid of ruga- tions. The umbilicus is about one-fourth the diameter of the shell. Aperture decidedly oblique, protracted at the posterior angle into an almost spurlike element. Peristome simple, outer lip thin; inner lip decidedly thickened. Operculum typically cyclocaymanid.
The specimen described and figured, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia No. 150658, is a paratype collected by Charles B. Taylor on Grand Cayman. It has 4.6 whorls and measures: Height, 11.5 mm.; greater diameter, 16.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 13.5 mm.
Genus PTYCHOCOCHLIS Simpson 1895. Ptychocochlis Stmpson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, p. 481.
Simpson replaces Platystoma Klein, several times preoccupied, with the name Ptychocochlis and cites as type Neocyclotus jamaicensis Chemnitz, rechristened orthodoxly by Menke in 1880 as Cyclostoma corrugatum. The type of Ptychocochlis Simpson is Ptychocochlis corrugata (Menke) = Turbo jamaicensis Chemnitz, Conchylien Cabi- net, vol. 11, pp. 277-278, pl. 209, figs. 2057, 2058, 1795 (nonbinomial) rechristened in 1830 as Cyclostoma corrugatum Menke, Synopsis methodica molluscorum * * *, p. 39.
This genus is differentiated from Poteria by having the elevated lamellae of the operculum expanded at the summit to resemble the capital letter T or L inverted, the outer limb of the cross bar being much longer than the inner and touching that of the succeeding whorl, thus forming a complete deck.
Type: Cyclostoma corrugatum Menke=Ptychocochlis corrugata (Menke).
The radulae of Ptychocochlis clappi, P. martensi (Kobelt), and P. savannensis show the formula 3:3:3:3. The jaw is without a median projection. The verge of P. vendreysi is situated on the
THB CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 83
back of the neck behind the tentacles. It is swollen basally and pro- vided with a seminal groove and a very short simple terminal appendage.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS PTYCHOCOCHLIS ‘
Nodulations present on base. Nodulations on base strong. Strong nodulations of base extending from umbilical keel to periphery. Strong nodulations present on base of all of last whorl. Upper side of last whorl very coarsely wrinkled__ corrugatior Upper side of last whorl] not very coarsely wrinkled.
Wrinklestofihbase coaTs@esw. 22 8 gossei Wrinkles of base fine. Shell more than 20 mm. in diameter__-______ varians Shell less than 14 mm. in diameter_-________ gemma
Strong nodulations present on base of early portion of last whorl only. Nodulations strong on all the upper surface of last
whorl. iimhilrcalikeelsstrong= = 42 _ 2 heat Soe ete ees welchi Umbilical keel obsolete_.__.-__________ manchesterensis
Nodulations not strong on all the upper surface of last whorl but obsolete on last part. Nodulose ridges retractively slanting at periphery_ taylori Nodulose ridges protractively slanting at pe-
riphery. Nodulations coarse 23 ees ee ee eee ae zigzag Nodulations finers22 ee ea eee eve shawae
Strong nodulations of base not extending from umbilical keel to periphery. Nodulations of upper surface of last whorl few and CUS LAVET EB yp SJO SL COU een nee eee ee ete ee earn Sense ones Hee) clappi Nodulations of upper surface of last whorl not few or distantly spaced.
Shell gigantic, greater diameter more than 32 mm______ senex Shell not gigantic, greater diameter 27 mm, or less. Nodulations on base very strong______--______ corrugata Nodulations on base not very strong___-_________ adamsi
Nodulations on base feeble. Oblique, protractively curved wrinkles present near umbili-
GalleKGe TS 55 Ee as eh he ba cee Ok See simpsoni Oblique, protractively curved wrinkles absent near umbili- cal Keel. Weak nodules present on upper surface of all of last whorl. INodules on wbaseiweakeo2e ssart WA aris Dupe sere) martensi Nodules on base obsolete. UmbilicusAwide i) 2 ace. rks Sa eer es hendersoni Wmbilicusinarro yw wee tse Ne ae eee TER, marianna
4T have not included P. subrugosa (Sowerby) in this key, since I have not seen specimens of it.
84 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Weak nodules not present on the upper surface of all of last whorl. Penultimate whorl with obliquely curved wrinkles. Wrinkles retractively curved on anterior half OP WO Ts ee ee ee er lacteofiluvialis Wrinkles protractively curved on anterior half of whorl.
Nodulose sculpture strong___-----------_ savannensis Nodulose sculpture weak__-_---__----------- orcutti Penultimate whorl without obliquely curved wrin- kles.
Wrinkles on penultimate whorl arrow-shaped. Arrow-shaped wrinkles pointing forward____-- minor Arrow-shaped wrinkles pointing back-
ward. Shell decidely elevated____________--__-_ magna Shell not decidedly elevated___---- montegoensis Wrinkles on penultimate whorl not arrow- shaped.
Umbilicus: very ‘narrow =22.2-22=-4______ vendreysi
Umbilicus not very narrow_.------------ subglobosa
Nodulations absent, on: base===-— == ae eee campeachyi
PTYCHOCOCHLIS CORRUGATIOR (Chitty) PLATE 13, FIGURES 37-39
1857. Cyclotus corrugatior Cuirty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 149. 1859. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) corrugatior KoseLr and MOLLENDoRFF, Nachrb. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 31, p. 136.
Shell of medium size, depressed-helicoid. Nuclear whorls flesh colored, the succeeding turns wood brown, the last one paler, with the summit of the corrugations lighter than the rest of the shell. Peristome and interior soiled bluish white. The nucleus consists of about 1 smooth well-rounded turn. The first 114 postnuclear turns are well rounded and marked by slightly retractively curved axial riblets, which are about half as wide as the spaces that separate them. The suc- ceeding turns are also strongly rounded and marked by the continua- tion of the axial riblets, which here are rendered irregularly disposed by the strong rugations. Beginning with the third whorl and extend- ing over the remaining turns, except the last half of the last whorl, strongly raised, decidedly oblique, protractively slanting ridges make their appearance. These ridges extend to about one-fourth of the distance between the summit and the periphery anterior to the summit. They are rendered slightly nodulose by the axial riblets. The last half of the last turn is marked by nodules, which are not of uniform strength or spacing, or the direction of slant. These are also rendered more finely nodulose by the crossing axial riblets. The suture of all but the last half turn is deeply impressed. In the last half turn the
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 85
summit of the whorls is appressed to the preceding turn. Periphery well rounded. Base well rounded, openly umbilicated, and provided with a strong keel at the outer limit of the umbilicus. The space be- tween the umbilical keel and the periphery is marked by raised, re- tractively slanting ridges, which join those on the upper portion of the whorl, but here have the reverse slant. They are not quite so strong as those on the upper surface and they weaken in strength toward the umbilical keel. In addition to this, strong incremental lines representing the continuation of the finer axial riblets are present. The umbilical wall is marked by crowded, rather rough axial riblets and incremental lines. Aperture subcircular, slightly angulated at the posterior angle where it is also somewhat protracted; the outer per- istome is strongly evenly curved; the inner slightly thickened at the umbilical keel. Operculum typically ptychocochlid.
The specimen figured has 5 whorls and measures: Height, 13.5 mm.; greater diameter, 21.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 15.9 mm. It is one of the specimens in the Adams collection at Amherst College, and the label states that it came from Gutters and was donated by Chitty.
The species centers in Manchester Parish, Jamaica, but it also ex- tends into Clarendon to the east and the eastern part of St. Elizabeth and to the north into St. Ann Parish.
PTYCHOCOCHLIS GOSSEI, new species Pate 13, Ficures 34-36
Shell rather large, helicoid. The nucleus and early postnuclear turns are almost blood-red; the rest unicolor, chestnut-brown, or banded. In the type there is a white band immediately below the summit and a broad light zone extending from the periphery to the middle of the base, and finer paler lines on the anterior portion of the base, which is also of a paler tint than the upper surface. The nucleus consists of a single, well-rounded, smooth turn. The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded. The first postnuclear whor!] is marked by slender, retractively curved axial riblets, which are not quite as wide as the spaces that separate them. These fine riblets continue over the rest of the whorls, becoming a little heavier and decidedly irregular in distribution on the last whorl. On the second postnuclear whorl the beginning of the decidedly oblique, protracted ridges make their appearance. These become intensified as the shell increases in size, and on the penultimate whorl] they are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. They do not extend on the anterior fourth of the whorls and on the last half of the last whorl they become much en- feebled. They are never as pronounced as in P. corrugatior (Chitty). On all the whorls, except the last, the suture is well impressed ; on the latter the summit is appressed to the preceding turn. Periphery well
86 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
rounded. Base strongly rounded, moderately broadly openly umbilicated, with a strong broad keel limiting the outer termination of the umbilicus. The posterior half of the base is decidedly wrinkled, almost to the very edge of the peristome. On the anterior half the wrinkling is almost absent. The umbilical keel is rendered somewhat notched by the axial sculpture. The umbilical wall is marked by fairly strong axial riblets and lines of growth. Aperture subcircular, angulated at the posterior angle and slightly effuse at the junction of the basal and outer lip. The outer lip is thin; the inner, some- what thickened. Operculum typically ptychocochlid.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 398348, is one of a series collected by Orcutt at Hermitage Dam, Jamaica, that is, on the main road between Con- stant Spring and Stony Hill, St. Andrew. It has 5 whorls and measures: Height, 18.7 mm.; greater diameter, 25.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 18.8 mm.
The larger size, less open umbilicus, and more elevated form, as well as the feebler nodulation, will readily distinguish this species from P. corrugatior.
PTYCHOCOCHLIS VARIANS (C. B. Adams) PLATE 13, FIGURES 40-42
1852. Cyclostoma varians C. B. ApAMs, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 5, p. 59.
1852. Cyclotus varians PFEIFFER, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium, Suppl. 1, p. 27.
1898. Neoayclotus (Plectocyclotus) varians Kosrirr and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 189, reprint.
Shell of medium size, soiled flesh colored, covered by a pale brown periostracum. The nuclear whorls appear to vary from flesh colored to reddish. The nucleus consists of a little more than a turn, which is smooth and well rounded. The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded; the first is marked by slender, retractively curved axial rib- lets, which are not quite so wide as the spaces that separate them. Beginning with the second postnuclear whorl, strong, oblique, protrac- tively curved ridges make their appearance. These continue to the early part of the last whorl. These ridges do not extend quite to the summit but stop at about one-fourth of the distance between the summit and periphery, anterior to the summit. The spaces separat- ing these ridges are about equal to the ridges. They, as well as the ridges, are crossed by the slender axial riblets. On the last whorl the oblique ridges gradually disappear and are replaced by irregular wrinkles that appear to be without definite direction. This sculpture extends almost to the peristome. The suture is well impressed on all but the last turn, which is appressed at the summit. Periphery well
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA i7,
rounded. Base strongly rounded, openly moderately broadly umbili- cated with a strong keel bounding the outer edge of the umbilicus. The entire surface of the base is marked by irregularly disposed wrinkles and pits. The umbilical keel is rendered rather rough by the incremental lines, which extend strongly and roughly into the umbilicus. Aperture subcircular, rather strongly protracted into an angle at the posterior angle; outer peristome thin, the inner somewhat thickened. Operculum typically ptychocochlid.
The specimen figured is one of C. B. Adams’ original lot, No. 6. This was selected by H. B. Baker ° as the type of Adams’ complex. It has 5 whorls and measures: Height, 14.6 mm.; greater diameter, 20.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 15.6 mm. No specific locality accompanies this lot.
The species appears restricted to the north coast of Jamaica in St. Mary and St. Ann Parishes, that is, the stretch between Port Maria and Ocho Rios Bay.
PTYCHOCOCHLIS GEMMA (Chitty)
PuaTe 13, FIGuRES 25-27
1857. Cyclotus gemma Currty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 150. 1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) gemma Kosetr and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138, reprint.
Shell small, depressed-helicoid, pale horn colored. The nucleus consists of a single well-rounded, smooth turn. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded; the first is marked by slender, retractively curved axial riblets, which are about as wide as the spaces that sep- arate them. The second postnuclear whorl shows the beginning of oblique wrinkles, which are not quite as wide as the spaces that separate them. On the last whorl these wrinkles assume an irregular distribution, the spaces between them being a little wider than the wrinkles. These rugations do not extend quite tothe summit. Suture well impressed in all the turns. Periphery well rounded. Base broadly openly umbilicated, marked by very strong, rough, decidedly oblique, protracted cords, which are wider than the spaces that separate them and are rendered roughened by the axial riblets. The umbilical keel is but feebly expressed, and the umbilical wall is marked by closely spaced axial riblets. Aperture circular, slightly angulated at the posterior angle, oblique; peristome thin. Operculum typically ptychocochlid.
The specimen figured is C. B. Adams’ unique type in the Amherst College collection, received from Chitty, and is said to have come from Burnt Hill, Westmoreland Parish, Jamaica. It is the only
5 Nautilus, vol. 48, p. 86, 1935.
88 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
specimen that I have seen. It has 4.2 whorls and measures: Height, 7.9 mm.; greater diameter, 12.7 mm.; lesser diameter, 9.0 mm.
PTYCHOCOCHLIS WELCHI, new species PLatTe 13, Fiaures 28-30
Shell small, depressed-helicoid, the early whorls red, the rest oliva- ceous with a chestnut-brown ee interior of the arene bluish white. The nucleus consists of 1.2 well-rounded, smooth turns. The first postnuclear turn is well rounded and marked by poorly devel- oped, somewhat irregularly distributed, feeble axial riblets. On the remaining turns these riblets become more and more irregular owing to the rugate ridges marking the surface. Beginning with the sec- ond postnuclear whorl, these ridges gradually develop; they extend from almost at the summit to the periphery and have a decidedly protracted slant. They are not quite as wide as the low spaces that separate them, and are crossed by the slender riblets. Suture strongly constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base openly umbilicated with a moderately strong keel marking its outer limit. The base is marked by weak, retractively curved ridges, which are best developed on the early pare of the last turn and become obsolete on the later portion. They are strongest near the periphery. The umbilical wall is marked by strong, fairly coarse riblets. Aperture circular, protracted into a decided angle at the posterior angle. Peristome thin. Operculum typically ptychocochlid.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535966, was collected by d’Alté A. Welch at his station A7, at Hardware Gap, St. Andrew Parish, Jamaica. Tt has 4.2 whorls and measures: Height, 10.6 mm.; preater diameter, 15.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 11 mm.
Nine topotypes are in Dr. Welch’s collection. This species suggests P. manchesterensis, from which its coarser sculpture on the upper sur- face, more pronounced umbilical keel, and feebler sculpture of the base will readily distinguish it.
PTYCHOCOCHLIS MANCHESTERENSIS, new species
PLATE 13, FicuRES 19-21
Shell of medium size, helicoid, pale chestnut-brown. Nuclear whorls 1.2, well rounded, smooth. The first postnuclear whorl is strongly rounded and marked by slender, slightly retractively curved, rather closely spaced axial riblets. These axial riblets become stronger and less regular on the succeeding postnuclear turn. On the last whorl they are decidedly sinuous. Beginning with the sec- ond postnuclear turn in addition to the axial riblets, the whorls are marked on the anterior two-thirds by decidedly obliquely slanting,
THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 89
protracted ridges, which are less than half the width of the spaces that separate them. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base broadly openly umbilicated, the outer edge of the umbilicus being marked by an obsolete cord. The base is marked by rather closely spaced, broad, retractively curved, moderately elevated ridges, which are best developed on the early portion of the last turn. On the last portion of the last turn these ridges become obsolete. The umbilical wall is marked by rough riblets and incremental lines. Aperture circular, rather effuse at the junction of the outer and basal lip, and slightly angulated at the posterior angle; peristome thin. Operculum typically ptychocochlid.
The type is one of six specimens, No. 174135, in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. It was collected by H. Burrington Baker at Belretiro, Manchester Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 11 mm.; greater diameter, 17.4 mm.; lesser diameter, 13.0 mm.
PTYCHOCOCHLIS TAYLORI, new species
PLATE 13, Fiecures 31-33
Shell of medium size, varying in shape from helicoid to depressed- helicoid, covered with a thin olivaceous periostracum. The nucleus consists of a single smooth, well-rounded turn. The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded; the first 1.5 are marked by rather weak, slender axial riblets which are rather distantly spaced. On the suc- ceeding turn the axial riblets become irregular, sinuous, and almost narrowly lamellose. Beginning with the second postnuclear whorl and extending to the last half of the last turn, very oblique, protac- tively slanting ridges are present, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. On the last half of the last turn these ridges become very irregular and have the nodules all arranged in a retractive position. Suture well impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base well rounded, openly, rather broadly umbilicated with a rather strong keel at the outer limit of the umbilicus. The early part of the base bears quite strong nodulations, which gradu- ally become weaker toward the end. ‘The umbilical wall is marked by numerous, closely spaced, slender hairlike riblets. Aperture sub- circular, oblique, slightly protracted and angulated at the posterior angle; outer peristome thin, the inner peristome is rather thickened.
The type, U.S.N.M. No. 356032, was collected by C. B. Taylor in Upper Clarendon Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height, 11.8 mm.; greater diameter, 17.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 13.1 mm.
90 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
An additional specimen from the same locality is considerably larger. It has 4.8 whorls and measures: Height, 15.2 mm.; greater diameter, 21.6 mm.; lesser diameter, 16.0 mm.
PTYCHOCOCHLIS ZIGZAG (Chitty) PLATE 14, Ficures 138-15
1857. Cyclotus zigzag Cu1try, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 150. 1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) zigzag KopBetr and MOLLENDoRFF, Nacnro. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139, reprint.
Shell of medium size, depressed-helicoid. All our specimens have lost the epidermis, the remaining shell being soiled white. The nu- cleus consists of a little more than a single well-rounded, smooth turn. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded; the first is marked by feeble, rather distantly spaced axial riblets. On the succeeding postnuclear whorls the axial riblets become rather irregular, owing to the nodula- tions; they also become stronger and appear almost lamellose. Be- ginning with the second postnuclear whorl, nodular ridges make their appearance. These ridges are not so wide as the spaces that separate them and do not extend over the posterior fourth of the turns. They are decidedly obliquely protractively curved. They become obsolete on the last fourth of the last whorl. Suture well impressed. Pe- riphery well rounded. Base openly umbilicated, strongly rounded, provided with a very strong keel marking the outer limit of the umbilicus. This keel is decidedly inpinched on the umbilical side, and a little less so on the outside. The first half of the last turn of the base is strongly nodulose; on the latter part the nodulation be- comes enfeebled. The umbilicai wall bears numerous axial riblets and fine hairlike incremental lines. Aperture circular, oblique, protracted into a slight angle at the posterior angle. Peristome thin on the outer lip and thickened on the inner. Operculum typically ptychocochlid.
The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 399500, is one of a series col- lected by C. R. Orcutt in Grays Valley, Trelawny Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 12.4 mm.; greater diameter, 18.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 13.8 mm.
We have this species from quite a number of localities, all of which are located on the northern rim of Trelawny and the western portion of St. Ann Parishes.