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PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Or
WASHINGTON
VoLuME 31
we Instiz,S .. _& ae | % :
Kn, : Y NF / {nai Muse
PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY WASHINGTON, D. C. 1929
ACTUAL DATE OF PUBLICATION OF VOLUME 31
Number 1—pages 1-20 inclusive Number 2—pages 21-44 inclusive Number 3—pages 45-64 inclusive Number 4—pages 65-88 inclusive Number 5—pages 89-104 inclusive Number 6—pages 105-120 inclusive Number 7—pages 121-140 inclusive Number 8—pages 141-168 inclusive Number 9—pages 169-190 inclusive
Press OF
H. L. & J. B. McQueen, Inc.
WasHINGTON, D. C.
lai]
. January 28, 1929, . . February 21, 1929. . April 9, 1929. . May 4, 1929. » Junec2l, 1928, . Sab ls, 1929: . October 18, 1929. . December 26, 1929. . January 24, 1930.
TABLE OF CONTENTS OF VOLUME 31.
AvpricH, J. M.: Notes on the Synonymy of Diptera, No. 3 .
Acalyptrate Diptera. . .
Ba.pur, W. V.: The Life History of Achatodes Zeae Eewis a paidap tera: Noctuidae) :
Bovine, A. G.: Takenomic aheranedrs for hehe identiseation SE Bigeades Srohi Peck and Pissodes approximatus Hopkins (Fam. Curculionidae)
Bripwe.i, JoHNn Cotspurn: The Cowpea Bruchid (Coleoptera) Under Another Name—A Plea for One Kind of an Entomological Specialist .
—— —— Description of a Bruchid Immigrant into Hawaii Breeding in the seeds of Convolulaceae (Coleoptera) .
—— —— A Preliminary Generic Arrangement of the Pala menchils and Allies (Coleoptera) with Descriptions of New Species .
Bucuanan, L. L.. A New Agronus from Canada (Coleoptera: Otiorhy nee idae)
Buscx, AuGust: A New Tajeciousy Pine Moth (Leniieatere: Geleche idae) idae) :
CaubeELL, A. N.: A ew Vv: ariety of Taseudderta walled Hebd: ow Vir: ginia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) .
—— —— Coconotus schunkei, New Name (onthonters: Teeeonvdee: Pseudophyllinae)
Crark, Austin H.: Peripatus feo the Nena = Montserrat .
Ciausen, Curtis P.: Biological Studies on Poecilogonalos chwiaiteat (Westw.), Parasitic in the Cocoons of Henecospilus (Hymenoptera: Trigonalidae)
GOCKERELL, ‘1..D: A.: Decsiche burmmeisreri, Vesta: Aboaroncke Radic. covered (Coccidae) .
Corron, Ricuarp T.: The larva BE abe seal Beene ialnans oe tatus Oliv. (Coleoptera: Rhyncophoridae) . ;
—— —— The Use of Carbon Dioxide to Increase the iecenae Hf Be cacyiof Bumigants 5. 2°. 4... .
Dyar, Harrison G.: A New Beneficial Moth ion Panama ands a Sear: ger (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae) ;
—— ——A New Species of Acrobasis (Lepidoptera: Byrstaa ae: ie cl- tinae)
A New Aegeriid on ee from Brazil (Lepidoptera: Aegeri-
A New Mostuire Eon the Piitippitve Islands
American Psychodidae (Diptera) III .
Dyar, Harrison G. & Hetnricu, Cart: A New Myelois fom Bran (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae) .
Ewine, H. E.: Three New American Chigwers (Acaninas ‘Trosibidiidas)
—— —— A New Variety of Tarsonemus (Acarina) from the Pacific Coast abet sin
141
[iii]
—_— —— Notes on the Lung Mites of Primates (Acarina: Dermonyssi- dae), Including the Description of a New Species. . . ...... FisHer, W. S.: Notes on Leaf Mining Buprestidae (Coleoptera), with Descriptions of New Species. . . .. . ..; Gun eee Ganan, A. B.: Description of an Egg- pare bE Exopthalmus quadri- vittatus.(Oliver) . . . =. . ) 2 = & 6 So ee HeinricH, Cari: Two Neeecen Céleophonden (Vesidapieeae —— =—— A Correction ... 2 =: « & seu, re eee Jouanssen, O. A.: A New Sciarid aon ees erie Vian (Diptera: Meetophilidae) =... 2 . . 3 sy 3 ees Litre, V. A.: A New Gistshagper (Grhopeeee Achaidse) from Texas . Mann, W. M.: Notes on Cuban Ants of the Genus Macromischa on optera: Formicidae) ; McArteeg, W. L.: Further Notes on Tastes ‘Tahabitants of Bird Histsese Paper Wasps (Polistes) as Pests in Bird Houses. . The Place of Authority in Taxonomy. . . Morean, A. C.: A New Genus and Five New Species sf Thy sane Paced to the UnitediStates\.) . = sa. susea eee een Mueseseck, C. F. W.: Two New Specs of ick: (Hymenoprere: Braconidae). eae /~ Park, OrLANDO: Reticulirenmes tibialis Hane in she Chisske Week Oe Rouwer, S. A.: A Note on the Synonymy ofa Birch Leaf Miner. . . . —— —— A New Species of Trigonalid of the Genus Poecilogonalos . Ross, H. H.: A Study of Marlatt’s Group I of the Genus Pontania with Descriptions of Four New Species (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) Scuaus, W.: A New Species of Danaidae from the Philippine Islands in the United States National Museum. :.........; <6 —— —— New Species of Heterocera (Lepidoptera) frou Southern Brazil Snyper, T. E.: New Termites from the Antilles and Middle America. . Wap ey, F. M.: Observations on the Injury Caused by Toxoptera grami- num Rond’ (Homopfera: Aphididae)... -.. aa. = 9 ee Warerston, James: On the Differential Characters of Chelonogastra Ash- mead and Philomacroploea Cameron, Two Genera of Ichneumon-flies of the Family Braconidae. = <92)). 07 2 ee ee Wo corr, GeorceE N.: Notes on the Life Fistace of Bxopthalinas quadri- vittatus Oliv.(Coleoptera), f=. 3: 0-0 ey tects eae
liv]
126
177
130
167
VOL. 31 JANUARY, 1929 No. 1
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ow !8°8TU7 >
far? 5 QO JAW o y | L at CONTENTS Was ni ISO BUSCK, AUGUST—A NEW INJURIOUS PINE MOTH (LEPIDOPT ia"
GHD AEN Slee acces, Rak Mine A ed eee besa, 6, RPA EN Se LU PIRES SOT LCS CAUDELL, A. N.—A NEW VARIETY OF INSCUDDERIA WALKERI HEBD. FROM
VIRGINA (ORTHOPTERAS TEGTIGONIIDAE). ... .. >. -.--+-..-.- IJ COCKERELL, T. D. A.—DROSICHA BURMEISTERI WESTWOOD APPARENTLY
REDISCOVERED COCCIDAD)/ Nt {esses sss. 6 Soe a A ewes 6 DYAR, HARRISON G.—A NEW BENEFICIAL MOTH FROM PANAMA AND A SCAV-
ENGER (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE, PHYCITINAE) ........ 16 EWING, H. E.—THREE NEW AMERICAN CHIGGERS (ACARINA: exOmuio IDE) 9 GAHAN, A. B.—DESCRIPTION OF AN EGG-PARASITE OF EXOPTHALMUS QUAD-
RMMTEAMUSH(OLLVEER)E: estas “ot “a ta fst ts : ye 7 HEINRICH, CARL—TWO NEW AMERICAN COLEOPHORIDAE (Re e818 PEIVmICd, GARL—A CORRECTION . 0... : « © es seu se we ome 19 MORGAN, A. C.—A NEW GENUS AND FIVE NEW SPECIES OF THYSANOPTERA
FOREIGN ACOMGHE, UNIREDESTATES 0. ue eile iara a waite oie a seas nire 1 SCHAUS, W.—A NEW SPECIES OF DANAIDAE FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS,
IN THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM .=.... «+ 43). 20
Pus.isHED Montuiy Except Jury, Aucust AND SEPTEMBER
BY THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C.
Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912.
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THE r
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
VOL. .31 JANUARY, 1929 No. 1
A NEW GENUS AND FIVE NEW SPECIES OF THYSANOPTERA FOREIGN TO THE UNITED STATES.'!
By A. C. Morean. EUPATHITHRIPIDAE, Bagnall, 1915.
CELETOTHRIPS, n. gen.
Head nearly twice as long as prothorax, not twice as long as width at base, sub-carinate, slightly constricted at base, cheeks converging posteriorly and bearing only a few spines, not set in large tubercles. Eyes not as large or as approximate posteriorly as in either Eupathithrips or Sedulothrips; ocelli very large, set on a very prominent hump, the anterior ocellus directed forward and overhanging front of head. Antennae with first joint stout and approximate; joints 3 and 4 not nearly so slender as in the other genera of the family. Sense cones shorter than in Expathithrips. Mouth cone slender, reaching beyond base of prosternum. Fore legs stout in both sexes, although larger in male than in female; femur with a heavy cone-shaped tubercle near tip within; tibiae strongly incurved in first fourth and bearing tubercles successively larger from base to tip, the tubercle or spine nearest tip being flat and knife-shaped when viewed from above. Tarsi bear a very stout tooth in both sexes.
Prothorax not emarginate anteriorly, the usual spines present, slightly dilated at tips.
Celetothrips breviceps, n. sp.
Female.—Measurements: length 4.29 mm.; head, length .45 mm.; width through eyes .293 mm., at neck-like constriction .215 mm.; prothorax, length .603 mm., width through coxae .56 mm., exclusive of coxae .44 mm.; width mesothorax .603 mm., length of tube .40 mm., width at base .137 mm.
Antennal segments, in microns:
Segment........ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ii 8 Weng thee SO SS 6S GS Gre 50 WV iteltheaene 51 43 57 60 47 35 30 17
Color, dark brown to blackish brown; tarsi and fore tibiae light brown; all antennal segments slightly lighter than the body color. Wings very light brown, the posterior wing in posterior half much darker than in anterior half,
'Types to be deposited in the United States National Museum.
2 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 1, JAN., 1929
darkest along median longitudinal vein and fading out toward posterior margin to general color of wing.
Head indistinctly laterally striate, broadest in anterior half, in posterior half gradually converging to neck-like constriction near posterior margin, slightly carinate medially; eyes large, not protruding, finely facetted, occupying about two-fifths the length of the head and only a little more than two-thirds its width; ocelli very large, situated on a conspicuous hump which overhangs base of antennae and bears anterior ocellus at its extremity, directed forward. Posterior ocelli situated just in front of middle of compound eyes and contiguous thereto, sides of head nearly smooth, bearing one large conspicuous spine set in a small cylindrical tubercle just before neck-like constriction and directed forward at an angle of 45°; close behind the large spine there is usually a smaller spine set and directed forward similarly to the larger spine; other spines few and small. Postocular bristles rather short and slender, antennae, approximate, situated low in front, very nearly twice as long as the head; segment 1 cylindrical; 2 with a neck-like constriction at first fourth; 3-6 inverted, cone-shaped in first halves, enlarged in third quarter, thence narrowing rather abruptly; 7 mildly fusiform, 8 cone-shaped and pointed; sense cones conspicuous, about half as long as segments upon which they are borne, placed as follows: 3 each on 3 and 4, 2 on 5, and 1 on 6; each cone is subtended by a hair nearly equaling itinlength. A ventral comb of sense hairs extends from tip of 8 to about middle of 7. Mouth cone long and pointed, reaching across prosternum. Maxillary palpi long and slender, first joint very short.
Prothorax subcarinate medially, spines at posterior angles largest, those at anterior angles nearly as large and larger than lateral and marginal spines. Fore femora enlarged, about two-thirds as broad as head, armed with a short, stout, blunt tooth near the tip within. Fore tibiae strongly incurved at first fourth, and bearing on inner surface at extremity of the curve a short, stout, blunt setigerous tooth—much smaller than the one on femur; near the center of the segment within is a somewhat larger setigerous tooth shaped like the preceding; at about the third fifth there is a large broad flattened wedge-shaped tooth which bears a large seta about the middle of its inner face. Between this tooth and the tip stands a strong spine somewhat longer than the tooth opposite the wedge-shaped tooth; on the outer margin is a more slender spine about twice as long as the preceding one, and near the tip without is a spine very similar in size to the one on inner margin. The tarsus bears a very strong stout tooth approximately as long as the tarsus (excluding bladder). Meso- thoracic angles rather broadly rounded; metathorax narrowed behind. Inter- mediate pair of legs scarcely as long as fore pair, their femora swollen in distal half; posterior pair of legs slightly longer than anterior pair, their femora only slightly thickened. Wings slender, nearly straight, anterior wing about fifteen times as long as its breadth at middle, margins nearly parallel to the last fifth, in which posterior margin curves forward so that at the tip the width is only about half the width at middle. Near the tip on posterior margin the fringe is double for about 44 hairs. Fringe on both wings long and thick. At base of wing on vein stand three spines, the first with expanded tip, second blunt, and third very long and sharp-pointed.
Abdomen rather slender. All spines sharp and gray, only moderate in size,
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 1, JAN., 1929 3
except those at tip of ninth segment, which are brown and slightly more than half the length of the tube. Spine at tip of tube very slender and less than half the length of the tube.
Described from four females collected under bark, Carmelina,. Honduras, February, 1920. W.M. Mann, collector.
Celetothrips breviceps, n. sp.
Alloty pe-—Measurements: length 4.24 mm.; head, length .43 mm., width .25 mm.; prothorax, length .293 mm., width through coxae .59 mm., exclusive of coxae .48 mm.; mesothorax, width .603 mm.; tube, length .327 mm., width at - base .12 mm.
- Dimensions of antennal segments, in microns:
Segment... 1 2 $ 4 5 6 i 8 Wena theese 85 S6meet 5S. el) 16S) 20m esl? 47 Widthes 60 47 58 61 56 38 34 17
In coloration and size the male differs very little from the female, except that the fore femora are about seven-eighths as broad as the head and the spines on the fore legs are somewhat stouter than in the female.
Described from two males collected in company with the females.
Eupathithrips bagnalli, n. sp.
@.—Length 5.45 mm.; width mesothorax .79 mm. Head, length .72 mm.; width through eyes .34. Length antennal segments, in microns:
Segment... 1 D) 3 a 5 6 7 8
Wength..._... 94 94h 293." 298. e295 Neo.” M20 51
Length of sense cones on 3 and 4 about 189 microns, on 5 about 155 microns.
Wings about half as long as entire body, and at middle about one-twentieth as broad as long.
Color —Very dark brown with orange pigmentation in prothorax and con- nective tissue. All tibiae and tarsi yellow; intermediate tibiae at sides on basal third, and posterior tibiae on basal half tinged with fuscus. Antennal joints 1 and 2 light brown, 3 yellow with very slight brownish tinge, 4, 5, basal half of 6, and basal third of 7, very light brown, distal half of 6, distal two-thirds of 7, and all of 8 darker brown.
Head.—Length 2.1 times as long as width through eyes; the width at the middle from tip to tip of spiniferous tubercles the same as through eyes. Cheeks each bear 7 prominent spiniferous tubercles. A spine behind each eye about one-third the distance from eye to posterior margin of head, fairly long and knobbed. Eyes large, finely facetted, rounded, contiguous in front and very nearly so behind, dorsally protruding, and very slightly less than two-fifths of
+ PROC. ENT. SOC.’ WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 1, JAN., 1929
length of head. Ocelli large and almost completely surrounded by the eyes. Antennae set ventrally below anterior part of eyes and between ventral por- tions thereof; basal joint cylindrical, second slightly narrowed at base, joints 3 to 6 roughly claviform, 7 fusiform and 8 cone-shaped; 3-6 beyond broadest part produced into a narrow stem which is longest in 5, and in 4-6 longer than in 3. Sense cones long, slender and placed and protected as in dentipes, Bagn. Mouth cone long and sharp, reaching beyond base of prosternum; maxillary palpi long and slender, the first joint being very short.
Prothorax trapezoidal, one-half as long as head, and through and including coxae 2.25 times as broad as long. Posterior, midlateral, anterior, and anterior marginal spines present, well developed, and swollen at tips. Coxal spine also swollen at tip.
Pterothorax about as long as broad, reticulated medially. Wings reach to sixth abdominal segment, slightly tinged with yellow, midvein brown to dark brown; 3 basal spines on vein long, stout and slightly swollen at tips, both fringes long, thick and fine, posterior fringe of forewing doubled for fifty-nine hairs.
Legs fairly long, posterior and intermediate femora slightly swollen, sparsely clothed with rows of small hairs, anterior femora considerably enlarged, sparsely clothed with fine hairs with sharp triangular tooth at tip within, and also bear- ing in its inner margin a double row of small spiniferous tubercles; all tibiae clothed with fine hairs, the fore tibiae with a double row of very small spini- ferous tubercles; fore tibiae with minute tooth, middle and hind tibiae each with two short sharp spines at tip within.
Abdomen long and slender, tube very slightly more than half as long as head. Spines on lateral margins of abdominal segments light yellow, becom- ing progressively longer from 2 to 8, and all prominent ones swollen at tip except one pair on 7, which is sharp-pointed. Spines on 9 slightly longer than tube, slender and sharp. Spines on tube slender and sharp. Second ab- dominal segment is emarginate anteriorly to recéive the bell-shaped reticulated chitinous thickening of the first abdominal segment.
o'.—Cleared specimen: Length 4.17 mm. Width of mesothorax .65 mm. Head, length .65 mm., width through eyes .31 mm. Eyes in relation to size of head and insertion of antennae same asin Q. ‘Tubercles on side of head not quite so well developed as in 9. Length of antennal segments, in microns:
Segment........ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
lenpth 2. = 86 77, 250) (258. ~ 258i) ‘les, PROS 51
Unfortunately, the fore legs of the & are lacking, but since the male agrees so closely with the female in other respects I feel sure that it will not be difficult to place. Posterior fringe double for only 41 hairs.
Described from one 9? and one 2 collected by Mr. W. M. Mann, from beneath bark, February, 1920, Carmelina, Hon- duras.
I take pleasure in naming this well-marked species after Mr. Richard S. Bagnall, that eminent English Thysanopterist,
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 1, JAN., 1929 5
who described the genus and family to which this species is referred.
v Anomalothrips amygdali, n. sp.
Female.—Color, yellowish brown, head, light brown, slightly tinged with yellow; first antennal segment light brown; legs light brown, the femora and tibiae shaded darker at the sides and somewhat darker than tarsi; second an- tennal segment rather dark brown; third to seventh segments intermediate in color between first and second segments, fourth and 5th segments gray at base; . prothorax somewhat darker than the head, mesothorax yellowish brown; wings light brown, abdomen darker than prothorax. Eyes black by reflected light, ocelli gray, margined inwardly with light orange crescents.
Head nearly twice as long as wide, retracted within prothorax, arcuate be- tween eyes; cheeks roughened and arched rather suddenly behind the eyes; eyes occupy about half the width of the head and a little more than half the length, rather closely faceted with medium facets, slightly pilose; ocelli larger than facets of eye, placed well back on the head, the posterior ones very close to margins of compound eye. Spines on head minute and sparse, one spine directly behind, and one in front of each posterior ocellus near margin of com- pound eye, a few inconspicuous spines behind each compound eye, and one small spine on the arched cheek. Antennae nearly three times as long as head, seg- ment | slightly rounded much the broadest; 2 rounded, only about three-fourths as broad as 1, and one and three-fourths times as broad as segments 3 to 6; 3 to 6 capilliform; 3 bears above a slender, branched, sense cone somewhat removed from the tip, and 4 a similar cone below near the tip. A few short brown spines in 2 and 4 similarly are found in the apical third of 3. Mouth slender, reaching three-fourths across prosternum, constricted at the middle. Maxillary palpi well developed, three-segmented, segment 1 being equal in length to 3, and second segment three-fifths as long. Labial palpi small and slender.
Prothorax one and one-half times as wide as long, its anterior margin straight, sides nearly straight, posterior angles broadly rounded and bearing two stout spines of medium length, posterior margin convex. Anterior angles bear one short, stout, anteriorly directed spine and much smaller dorsally directed spine. Other spines small and inconspicuous, mesothorax broad and heavy, bearing a few short spines. The metascutum bears two rather heavy spines near the meson. Wings broad and heavy, reaching nearly to tip of abdomen, forewing at basal fourth one-tenth as broad as long; costa and veins thickly and regularly set with short, sharp, dark-brown spines; costa bears 40; fore vein 33; hind vein 22; scale 7, interior of scale 1. Fringe present in both margins of both wings, long, wavy, and brown in posterior margins, straight in anterior margins, thick except in anterior margins of posterior wings. Legs strong, of medium length, regularly set with rows of small spines which are strongest on the posterior pair and weakest in the anterior pair. Posterior tibiae armed at the tip with three very heavy dark-brown spines, and along its inner side for about half its length with a row of about 10 spines which are much heavier than the other spines clothing the legs. Median tibia with two slender, light-brown spines, at the tip within, and the anterior tibiae each with two slender, lighter- brown spines.
6 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 1, JAN., 1929
Abdomen with sides nearly straight to the eighth segment, thence tapering suddenly and evenly to the tenth, which is conical. A broad, dark band crosses segments 3 to 8 dorsally near the anterior edges. Posterior margins of ninth and tenth segments set with a ringlet of about eight well developed spines, of which the dorsal four are much the strongest; those on the ninth segment are much stouter and longer than those on the tenth. Segment 9 on its dorsal surface bears, about half-way between the meson and the lateral margin and about one-third the length of the segment from its anterior margin, a heavy,
_very dark-brown spine, which is directed posteriorly and inwardly. Stout spines, also brown, are at the posterior lateral margins of segments 5 to 8, one each on segments 5 and 6 and two each on segments 7 and 8. Segment 10 is split open above for about half its length.
Measurements of holotype: Length 1.44 mm.; head, length .112 mm., width .21 mm.; prothorax, length .163 mm., width .258 mm.; mesothorax, width .405 mm.; abdomen, width .37 mm.; antennal length 1, 36.7 w; 2, 42.8 ; 3, 65.3 mu; 4,70 w; 5, 53 4; 6, 73 #; 7, 16 «4; segments, width 1, 36.7 4; 2, 28.5 mw; 3, 16 5 4,16 u; 5,16 u; 6,164; 7,104. The sixth segment is constricted 20.4 u from the tip to very nearly the diameter of the base of the seventh segment. Total length of antennae .356 pb.
Described from one specimen taken in flowers of almond, Branxton, New South Wales, by W. W. Froggett, Quaintance No. 4458.
Holopothrips fulvus, n. sp.
Female.—Length about 1.7 mm. Color by reflected light: Eyes and ocellar crescents, red; first two antennal segments, base of mouth cone, and ninth abdominal segment dark, blackish brown; tube black; outer half of seventh and all of eighth antennal segments dark brown; intermediate antennal seg- ments gray; remainder of body, including legs, lemon yellow, clearing to gray in some portions. By reflected light the eyes are black, intermediate antennal segments light lemon, the remainder of body deep yellow, except ninth abdomi- nal segment, which is brown, and the tube is blackish brown in proximal half, lighter in distal half.
Head about as broad as long, broadest at the third fourth; greatest width across eyes very little more than four-fifths the greatest width of head. Eyes large, occupying about three-fifths the length of the head and almost enclosing the ocelli, their interval in front and behind being only about one-fourth the greatest width of the eye. Ocelli large and situated anteriorly. Cheeks con- vex. Posterior margin of head very little wider than is head at posterior margin of eyes. Weakly striate behind eyes and bearing a few small spines. Post- ocular spines wanting. Mouth cone reaches a little more than half across prosternum. Antennae about 1.6 times as long as head, segment 1 slightly wider than long, segment 2 subcylindrical, 3 claviform, pedicellate; 4-7 sub- fusiform; 8 cone-shaped. ,
Prothorax about three-fifths as long as head, and, inclusive of coxae, twice as wide as long; only slightly wider behind than in front; spines capitate, those
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 1, JAN., 1929 ‘1
at anterior angles about half as long as those at posterior angles; midlaterals about half as long as those at anterior angles; anterior marginals wanting; pos- terior marginals about three-fourths as stout and long as those at posterior angles. Pterothorax heavy and with sides nearly parallel. Legs of moderate size and length, tibiae and tarsi without teeth. Wings reaching to about seventh abdominal segment, rather slender, not narrowed in center; fore wings with six interlocated hairs on posterior margin. Wings hyaline in distal half, light yellow in proximal half.
Abdomen slender, no wider than pterothorax. Bristles capitate except the terminal ones and those at posterior margin of ninth abdominal segment, all of which are long and slender, those on ninth segment being almost as tong as the tube and only slightly longer than the terminal bristles.
Measurements of holotype 1.89 mm.; head, length .236 mm., width .224 mm.; prothorax, length .138 mm., width through coxae .302 mm.; pterothorax, width .363 mm.; abdomen, width .363 mm.; tube, length .179 mm., width at base .089 mm., at tip .038 mm. Antennal segments in microns:
Segment 1 2; 3 - 5 6 i 8 Length... 32.6 48.9 69 57 66 50 36:7 2855 Wadthe see 3677 — 822685 28-5) 28:5) 27 25 20.4 12
Described from three females taken on cotton, Bahia, Brazil, June 14, 1923, by Seignor G. Bondar.
Male colored like female, more slender than female. One of the specimens before me measures in length 1.32 mm., the other 1.8.
Described from two specimens collected with the holotype.
This species, in form, suggests the type of the genus, s/gvatus, but may be easily distinguished therefrom by the coloration and by the absence of postocular spines.
Heliothrips braziliensis, n. sp.
Female.—Length 1.04 mm.; head, length .11 mm., width .161 mm.; prothorax, length .11 mm., width .183 mm.; mesothorax, width .257 mm. Dimensions of antennal segments, in microns:
Segment.__... 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ikengeh. LSi3u S67 A401, C40 AOS) 25 Jee AAT ie 29.4 Width. 2. = Does ole 2 we PO, 22. ahe.oy 16:5 — —
Head and prothorax rather finely and deeply reticulate, metascutum re- ticulate a little less finely than head or prothorax, mesoscutum reticulate at the meson on cephalic margin, the sides and caudal margin finely striate, abdomen weakly reticulate upon cephalic margins of notal plates, striate on sides.
Color: Head, thorax, and abdomen, deep brown; all femora brown; tibiae brown, but grayish yellow in distal fourth, and only slightly so in proximal sixth, tarsi pale yellow; antennae, first, second, sixth to eighth and distal end
8 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 1, JAN., 1929
of fifth light brown, remainder gray. Fore wings with basal fourth gray, except for small smoky areas each side of median vein, another gray band crosses the wing near tip, occupying about one-fifth the length of wing, remainder of wing light brown, the median brown band occupying nearly half the length of the wing; hind wings gray, slightly fuscous along median vein and toward tip.
Head nearly rectangular, slightly constricted at base, arcuate above and between antennae; antennae well separated at base, normal to the genus; eyes coarsely faceted, occupying about three-fifths the length of head and about half its width; ocelli situated on slight hump, approximate, opposite center of compound eyes, margined inwardly with orange crescents, ocellus scarcely larger than facets of compound eye.
Prothorax with sides slightly arched, mesothorax with anterior angles dis- tinctly shouldered; legs moderate in size; wings well-developed, reaching slightly past tip of abdomen, at their middle about one-twelfth times as broad as long; costa bears about 20 spines interspersed with shorter slenderer hairs; fore vein bears 3 colorless slender spines in the clear basal area, two to three dark stout spines near branching of hind vein and two other dark well developed spines near the tip; the hind vein bears 5 to 7 spines of which one or two stand within clear area.
Abdomen normal to the genus; spines upon ninth segment well-developed and reaching past tip of tenth segment. Second to eighth segments with a trans- verse chitinous thickening near anterior margin. ‘Tenth segment entire above.
Described from four females. Locality Brazil, food plant not given. Collected by Prof. Carlos Moreira, November, 1922.
Heliothrips bruneri, n. sp.
Female.—Length 1.10 mm. Head, length .110 mm.; width .139 mm.; pro- thorax, length .110 mm.; width .169 mm.; mesothorax, width .220 mm. Antennal segments, in microns:
°
Segment.......- 1 2 3 + 5 6 A 8
engthet ss. 18:3: 3637) 4icT S858 36 QS) M4733
Width. .2 23.8 294 p22) 22 e202 eeals: = =
Color: Head and thorax brown, body dark brown, slightly lighter on tenth segment; all tarsi and fore tibiae yellow; middle tibiae yellow but slightly fus- cous at middle; hind tibiae yellow in extreme thirds, brown at center; anterior femora light brown in basal half, remainder yellow, middle femora light brown, yellowish at tip; posterior femora brown like thorax; eyes dark brown, ocelli large, yellowish, approximate, margined inwardly with brown crescents; situated on sides of a hump, the anterior ocellus directed forward. Antennae with second segment dark brown, sixth segment pale brown, seventh progressively: paler brown than sixth, fifth segment gray brown, third to fifth gray, wings gray brown, the basal fourth almost clear except for a small irregular brownish area along scale, veins prominent and dark brown at their branching at be-
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 1, JAN., 1929 5)
ginning of second quarter of wing and again on margin around tip of wing in distal sixth. Hind wing yellowish gray.
Head rectangular, cheeks nearly straight and parallel arcuate above base of antennae, the front of head at center on a line with base of second antennal segment, a deep notch between compound eye and basal segment of antenna; eyes large, occupying fully three-fifths the length of the head and slightly more than half its width, facets large; ocelli subapproximate situated on sides of a hump just caudad of center of compound eye, the posterior ocelli directed slightly caudad, the anterior ocellus sharply directed cephalad; ocelli about a third greater in diameter than facets of compound eye. Head deeply and plainly striate-reticulate. Antennae normal to the genus, the third segment stalked, first to third each, having two pairs of long grayish brown spines. Mouth cone reaching across prosternum, stout and tipped with black. Maxil- lary palpi three-segmented.
Prothorax as long as head and one and one-half times wider than long, reticulate like head, spines minute. Mesothorax heavy; mesoscutum finely longitudinally striate on each lateral fourth, the mid-section transversely finely striate: Metascutum and metascutellum reticulate. Wings reach to tip of abdomen. Costa of forewing bears 18 to 21 long, slender, grayish-brown spines, fore vein bears three spines before origin of hind vein, 2 to 3 spines at and near juncture of veins and 2 spines near tip of wing, hind vein bears 5 spines, all situated in the second and third quarters of vein.
Abdomen normal to genus, striate on sides, anterior margins of first to ninth segments reticulate, second to eighth segments with a row of comb-like teeth on lateral fourths; third to eighth segments with a transverse chitinous thicken- ing extending entirely across the dorsum near anterior margin. Ninth segment bears six rather long spines, the two near meson being dark brown and not quite attaining tip of tenth segment, the other four spines longer and yellowish, one pair near laterocaudal margin, the other pair on lateral margin and inserted cephalad of insertions of mesal spines. Tenth segment split open above for about three-fourths its length.
Described from 11 females, collected on sugar cane, Las Vegas, Cuba, July 13, 1921, H. C. Bruner, collector, in whose honor I have the pleasure of naming the species.
THREE NEW AMERICAN CHIGGERS (ACARINA: TROMBID- IIDAE).
By H. E. Ewine, U. S. Bureau of Entomology.
Two of the three new chiggers here described were taken by Raymond C. Shannon while collaborating in research work on verruga for the International Health Board of the Rockefeller Foundation, one being taken from the house cat and one from a lizard. The other new species was taken from a mole in Oregon.
10 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 1, JAN., 1929
Trombicula shannoni, new species.
In general appearance the larvae are similar to the well known T. irritans Riley. Palpi with femur strongly rounded outwardly. First palpal seta with several barbs; second seta with two or three barbs; third seta with several long barbs. Palpal claw trifurcate, the inner and outer prongs being smaller than the middle one and about equal. They arise far from the base of the main claw. Chelicerae strongly curved and simple except for a single, minute, recurved ventral tooth. Dorsal plate broader than long, somewhat incurved along the front margin between the central and antero-lateral setae; posterior margin of the plate much more strongly arched near the median line. Pseudo- stigmatic organs very long, flagelliform and well barbed for the distal two-thirds of their length. Anterior eyes larger than the posterior ones. Dorsal setae forty-six. Legs of medium length. Dorsal spine of tarsus I entirely dorsal in pasition and situated about its length from the base of the segment; dorsal spine of tarsus II smaller than the one on tarsus I but similar in its position. Tactile seta on tarsus III about as long as the tarsus itself, simple, situated about the width of the tarsus from the base of the same.
Length of unengorged larva, 0.20 mm.; width, 0.13 mm.
Type host—House cat, Felis domestica.
Type locality —Verrugas Cafion, Lima, Peru.
Type slide—Cat. No. 986, U.S. N. M.
Described from many specimens mounted on seven micro- scope slides. They were taken from the ear of the host by R. C. Shannon, May 28, 1928.
This species is related to the Trombicula autumnalis (Shaw) of Europe, but has forty-six dorsal abdominal setae instead of twenty-eight or thirty. Also the dorsal plate is more strongly outcurved along the posterior margin near the median line than it is in autumnalis. Trombicula irritans var. tropica Ewing has been reported from Peru, but in this variety the palpal claw is bifurcate instead of trifurcate as it is in T. shannont.
Trombicula australis, new species.
Capitulum of the irritans type. Femur of palpus only slightly swollen laterally. First palpal seta either simple or with one or two inconspicuous barbs; second seta with as many as five barbs but usually with less; third, apparently simple. Palpal claw bifurcate, with accessory claw element about as large as terminal one and placed ventrally near tip. Chelicerae upcurved rather strongly toward their tips; each with 3-4 very minute teeth above and 1 below near the tip. Dorsal plate broader than long, front margin almost straight, posterior margin outwardly rounded; pseudostigmata large, each situated slightly less than its diameter from median line; pseudostigmatic organs long, flagelliform, with 1-3 barbs. Eyes prominent, first pair slightly larger than the second. Abdomen with 44 rather short, pectinate, dorsal setae. Tarsi I and II each without the dorsal spine; tarsus III without the simple tactile hair.
Length of unengorged larva, 0.29 mm.; width, 0.16 mm.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 1, JAN., 1929 11
Type host—Tropiduras peruvianus (a lizard).
Type locality —Verrugas Cafion, aa Peru:
Type slide.—Cat. No. 987, U.S. N. :
Described from several specimens taken from type host by R. C. Shannon, April 15, 1928. This species is very distinct in the type of chelicerae, having 3-4 small teeth on dorsal margin. The palpal claw is similar to that of irritans, but irritans has only a single dorsal tooth on each chelicera.
Trombicula oregonensis, new species.
Palpi with second segment broadly rounded on outside; first palpal seta with many barbs, second with several barbs, third with from two to four barbs; palpal claw bifurcate, inner prong being much the largest. Chelicerae each with a single dorsal tooth and apparently with a single ventral tooth. Dorsal plate much broader than long, front margin about straight, posterior margin out- wardly curved; pseudostigmata situated much nearer the posterior margin of dorsal plate than the front margin; pseudostigmatic organs long, flagelliform, simple. Eyes situated about their diameters from the lateral margins of dorsal plate, front and posterior corneas subequal. Dorsal setae forty, not counting a lateral posterior pair. Dorsal spine of tarsus I situated its length from the base of the segment; dorsal spine of tarsus II sharper than the one on tarsus I and similarly situated. Last pair of legs each with at least four long, simple, tactile setae.
Length of unengorged larva, 0.30 mm.; width, 0.18 mm.
Type host—A mole.
Type locality —Corvallis, Oregon.
Type slide—Cat. No. 990, U. S. N. M.
Described from two lots of material as follows: “Five speci- mens taken from type host at Corvallis, Oregon, June 3, 1912, by A. J. Stover and eleven specimens taken from type host at the same place May 17, 1912, by a student. This species is most nearly related to Trombicula bruyanti (Oudemans) but differs from Qudeman’s species in having the pseudostigmatic organs simple instead of pectinate and in having forty dorsal setae instead of twenty-eight.
A NEW VARIETY OF INSCUDDERIA WALKERI HEBD. FROM VIRGINIA (ORTHOPTERA: TETTIGONIIDAE),.
By A. N. CaupDeE.Lt.
At Cape Henry, Virginia, the extensive sand dunes annually encroach some distance into a large cypress swamp, thus gradually burying the tall cypress trees growing in the swamp. The tops of dead trunks project above the sand dunes here and there as monuments, testifying to the former grandeur of these
(
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 1, JAN., 1929
ancient trees. The dunes end abruptly, dropping in an incline of forty-five degrees into the swamp some forty to eighty feet below, and on this steep incline the tops of partially buried, but still living, cypress trees are found. These tops afford an easy and unique opportunity for the exploration of the insect fauna of the cypress, which under normal conditions is well nigh in- accessible.
While investigating this fauna July 15-25, 1927, Mr. August Busck collected some slender green katydids, the color of which blended effectively with the foliage of the cypress. Additional specimens of this insect were obtained two months later, Sep- tember 20, 1927, on cypress in the identical locality, by Dr. Bae. Chapin. These specimens prove to represent a variety of Inscudderia walkeri Hebd., which I take pleasure in naming in honor of my friend, Mr. Busck, who repeatedly has added to our knowledge of American Orthoptera by his assiduous collect- ing, although he is primarily interested in a very different group of insects, the Microlepidoptera.
Inscudderia walkeri var. buscki, new species.
Size about as in ¢axodii Caud., decidedly smaller than walkeri Hebard; in color agreeing with both the above species in the characteristic marking of the tegmina, etc.
The male has the last dorsal segment of the shapes almost exactly as described and figured by Mr. Hebard for wa/keri, and the terminal tooth of the cercus also agrees in length and shape with that of Hebard’s species; the decidedly larger size and the northern habitat will, however, serve to distin- guish it from the typical southern form as described and figured in Hebard’s paper of 1925.1. The supraanal plate, which, as in other species of this genus, is deflexed beneath the last dorsal segment of the abdomen and thus generally seen with difficulty, is elongate, about as long as one of the cerci and so deeply sulcate dorsally as to appear divided for almost its entire length. The female shows no differentiating characters of importance; the superior valves of the ovipositor are either as long as, or very slightly longer, than the inferior ones, there being but little variation in the specimens examined, in this particular apparently agreeing more nearly with that of ¢axodii, as noted in the descrip- tion by Hebard in the above noted article.
Measurements (in millimeters): Length, pronotum, co 4, Q 4.5; tegmen, o 25, 9 26.5; posterior femur, o 20.5, 2 23; ovipositor, 8; width, pronotum posteriorly, o 3, 2 3; tegmen at apical fourth, o 3, 2 3.5; posterior femora at widest point, o' 2, @ 2.5.
Holotype, #, Cape Henry, Virginia, July 20, 1927, August Busck, collector; allotype, 9, same data; paratypes as follows: One adult female and a large female nymph, same data as the holotype and allotype; two male and six female adults from same
'Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. li, p. 321-330, pls. x—xi.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 1, JAN., 1929 13
locality on September 20, 1927, E. A. Chapin, collector. All taken on cypress, Taxodium distichum Richard.
Type material in the collection of the U. S. National Mu- seum.
Type catalogue No. 40719, U. S. N. M.
The measurements in millimeters of typical wa/keri, as given by Hebard, are as follows: Length, pronotum, o 4.8, 2 5.1; tegmen, o 30.4, 2 31.8; posterior femur, o’ 23.8, 9 26.2; width, tegmen, o 5, 9 5.2.
Were it not for the geographical features involved and the rather decided difference in size, this might be considered as typical walkeri7. In consideration of the above features, how- ever, there seems little doubt of the varietal distinctness of the form here noted.
In order that this beautiful little katydid may be recognized by interested persons other than orthopterists, the following brief nontechnical description is given:
A small slender katydid barely one and one-half inches in length, inclusive of the wings. The outer wings, or tegmina, are narrow, about six times as long as broad, and of the semi-opaque horny texture usual in katydids. The under wings are broad, membranous and transparent with the tips tinged with green and, when folded, project a short distance beyond the outer wings. The legs are long and slender, especially the hind ones, the femora, or first half, of which reaches the tips of the closed outer wings. The female bears at the tip of her body a short, flat up-curved egglaying organ called the ovi- positor; this is about one-third as long as the outer wings and about one-fourth as broad as long, and the tip is pointed. From the lower part of the tip of the abdomen of the male is a narrow gently up-curved prolongation extending well beyond the rest of the abdomen and above this is a pair of short apically swollen projections with an apical incurved tooth on each.
The general color is green with the outer wings marked lengthwise with a couple of narrow black streaks and with a few short diagonal marks of the same color projecting from the upper edge of the closed wing.
So nicely do specimens of this insect blend with the colors of the cypress foliage on which they occur they are very liable to be overlooked unless especially sought for.
A NEW INJURIOUS PINE MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: GELE- CHIIDAE).
By Aucust Busck, U. 8. Bureau of Entomology. Recurvaria condignella, new species.
Second joint of labial palpi black, slightly sprinkled with white scales on the inner sides and with apex narrowly pure white; terminal joint white with ex-
14 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 1, JAN., 1929
treme base and two annulations, one on the middle and one just before apex, black; extreme tip white. Face white, bordered with black scales. Head and
thorax white, mottled with black scales. Antennae yellowish with narrow
black annulations.
Forewings white, thickly mottled with black; a con-
Recurvaria condignella Busck. Male and female genitalia.
spicuous deep black longitudinal streak from base of costa through the middle of the wing nearly to apex, partly edged with white scales; a thin, faint arrow- shaped transverse white fascia, pointing toward apex at apical fourth; a short
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 1, JAN., 1929 hs
black dash on the middle of the wing between the costal edge and the central longitudinal black streak; three groups of raised scales, predominately black, on dorsal part of the wing below the central black streak; cilia dark fuscous. Hindwings light fuscous, in the male with a long ochreous yellow tuft of dilated hairs on base of dorsum. Palpi and venation typical of the genus. Abdomen dark fuscous, in the male with three first joints light velvety yellow above. Legs black with narrow white tarsal annulations and with tuft on posterior tibiae conspicuously white. Alar expanse: 13-15 mm.
Habitat: Prescott, Arizona; Valparaiso, Florida.
Foodplant: Yellow Pine.
U.S. N. M. Type No. 41690.
Reared from yellow pine in Florida by Mr. E. W. Gemmer of the Forest Service, and at Prescott, Arizona, by Mr. L. G. Baumhofer of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology, the larvae “infesting new growth on Western yellow pine of sapling size, the small yellow larvae were abundant in the tips in certain localities. Work similar to the tip moth. Moths issued July 3-11, 1928.” (Baumhofer.)
By far the most conspicuously marked of our described Ameri- can species of the genus, nearest in pattern to the oak-feeding R. quercivorella Chambers but bolder in design and color. From the two other North American pine feeders of the genus, R. pinella Busck and R. moreonella Heinrich, the present species is at once separated by the predominating black central streak on the forewing.
The genitalia of all the American species of the genus (except the genotype, the introduced European R. nanella Hubner) are remarkably alike, conforming to a very distinct generic type, though easily separated specifically by small but constant differences in details; they all exhibit the same bilobed hooded uncus, the triple hooked gnathos, the asymmetrical winged tegumen, the slender asymmetrical harpes, of which one is commonly three to four times as large as the other, and the projecting curved hooks (sicae) from the vinculum. The two European species differ somewhat from this type, especially in having symmetrical harpes, and, as before suggested, it may eventually be sounder to restrict the generic name to these, and to revive one of the American names which have been made synonyms of Recurvaria, for the American species, but this may well be postponed until a revision of the family is under- taken.
The somewhat surprising occurrence of R. condignella in two so widely separated regions may be accounted for by the re- forestation projects in Florida, where the species presumably has been introduced with nursery-stock from the West.
16 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 1, JAN., 1929
DROSICHA BURMEISTERI WESTWOOD APPARENTLY REDISCOVERED (COCCIDAE).
By T. D. A. CocKERELL.
Last February, on the slope of Doi Sutep, in northern Siam, Miss Alice Mackie collected a male Drosicha which does not belong to any of the species tabulated in Morrison’s recent admirable revision. The very broad wings with black costa, the dark thoracic dorsum and pale red scutellum, the broad red abdomen with relatively stout penis sheath, and five pairs of marginal tassels, the first short, the others very long, are all characteristic features, and seem to refer the species to D. burmeisteri, described from an unknown locality. The size agrees well enough. The last (longest) caudal process is I think fully as long as the abdomen, a character of D. durmeisteri as against D. leachii. Westwood calls special attention to the long abdominal filaments and the broadly rounded hind mar- gins of the wings. The specimen is now in the U. S. National Museum.
A NEW BENEFICIAL MOTH FROM PANAMA AND A SCAVENGER (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE, PHYCITINAE).
By Harrison G. Dyar. Vitula saissetiae, new species.
Under the number Z. 3049, Mr. J. Zetek sends a small moth . the larvae of which feed upon the scale Saissetia. They form a fine web over the scales and the larva lives within this web. Material collected May 8, 1928, from Hibiscus on Barro Colo- rado Island, Canal Zone, Panama.
Palpi long, slender, obliquely upturned. Male antennae simple, a little thickened and flattened. Fore wing light gray, shaded with blackish; inner line white, followed by a black shade, sharply V-pointed, the upper limb very oblique to costa, the lower reversed to inner margin and shorter; more or less black shading filling lower part of median space; a double black discal dot; outer line white, preceded and followed by black shades, the costal segment tremulous, slightly retracted; a row of terminal black spots; fringe dark gray. Hind wing subpellucid smoky whitish, veins and termen darker, fringe pale. Expanse, male, 13 mm., female, 14 mm.
Type and allotype, male and female, No. 41389, U. S. Nat. Mus. Also 76 other specimens sent from the same rearing.
Very close to Vitula rusto Dyar, described from Paraiso, Canal Zone, and perhaps a variety of that; but in rusto the inner line is almost perpendicular to the costa and has only a little cusp-shaped point centrally.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 1, JAN., 1929 iW)
Among these numerous specimens was a single specimen of Ephestia declivella Zeller, doubtless a scavenger in the débris, and another single specimen of a Tineid, which I handed to Mr. August Busck.
DESCRIPTION OF AN EGG-PARASITE OF EXOPTHALMUS QUADRIVITTATUS (OLIVIER).
By A. B. Gauan, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture.
The specimens which form the basis for the following de- scription were received from G. N. Wolcott and according to Mr. Wolcott the new species is a common parasite of the eggs of Exopthalmus quadrivittatus in Haiti.
Tetrastichus haitiensis, new species.
Falls in the group having a single erect seta on the sub- marginal vein and resembles 7. ains/iei Gahan but may be dis- tinguished by the wholly pale yellow coxae, the smooth pro- podeum and the shorter antennae.
Female.—Length 1.2 mm. Shining black; scape, pedicel, legs including all coxae, basal one-fourth to one-third of abdomen above, and more than half of the abdominal venter pale lemon yellow; wings hyaline; venation and antennal flagellum brownish. The fore and hind coxae are sometimes slightly stained with blackish at extreme base. Antennae 9-jointed including one ring-joint; scape subcylindrical; pedicel a little more than twice as long as thick at apex; ring-joint small; funicle 3-jointed, the joints subequal and each about as long as pedicel; club indistinctly 3-jointed, about equal in length to the two pre- ceding funicle joints and terminating apically in a short stiff stylus. Head shining, faintly shagreened, as broad as thorax; thorax not much longer than broad; mesoscutum and scutellum weakly shagreened; median groove on meso- scutum and two dorsal lines on scutellum present but very fine; propodeum smooth, without carinae; submarginal vein with a single erect bristle; marginal vein a little longer than submarginal, with about nine or ten marginal bristles; stigmal approximately one-third as long as marginal; marginal cilia of forewing short; legs normal; abdomen as long as head and thorax, as broad as thorax, ovate with the apex acute; tip of ovipositor barely exserted.
Male.—Length 1.1 mm. Antennae 10-jointed; scape slightly thickened toward apex; pedicel twice as long as thick; ring-joint minute; funicle 4-jointed, the funicle joints covered with long hairs which are as long or a little longer than the segments, first funicle joint a little less than twice as long as thick; second, third, and fourth subequal and each more than twice as long as thick; club hairy like the funicle, very slightly longer than two preceding joints, 3-jointed, the joints not distinctly separated, the apical joint terminating in a short stylus; abdomen a little narrower than the thorax. Otherwise like the female.
18 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 1, JAN., 1929
Type locality —Port au Prince, Haiti.
Type.—Cat. No. 41081, U. S. N. M.
Described from forty-four females (one type) and ten males reared from eggs of Exopthalmus quadrivittatus (Olivier) by G. N. Wolcott, in March, 1927.
TWO NEW AMERICAN COLEOPHORIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA).
By Cart Heinricn, U. S. Bureau of Entomology.
The following new names and descriptions are offered in response to requests from correspondents of the Bureau of Entomology.
Coleophora salmani, new species.
Antenna with a very slight tuft on basal joint; beyond base white annulated with pale brown; basal joint pale gray brown. Palpus gray brown; semipor- rect; third joint but slightly shorter than second and slightly upturned. Face and head pale gray brown, concolorous with basal tuft of antenna. Thorax and fore wing uniformly gray brown, darker than head and face; semilustrous; cilia concolorous. Hind wing blackish smoky fuscous, much darker than fore wing; cilia concolorous. Legs pale gray brown with paler dustings absent or very much obscured.
Alar expanse, 10.5-12 mm.
Type and paratypes —Cat. No. 41631 U.S.N.M. Paratypes also in Canadian National, Barnes and Braun collections.
Type locality —Mt. Desert Island, Maine. |
Food plant.—Betula.
Described from male type and 8 male and 12 female para- types all from the type locality and reared July 18, 1928, by Mr. K. A. Salman for whom the species is named.
Larval case ocherous, stout, cylindrical; posterior end triangularly compressed; mouth deflected to 45 degrees; 5—5.5 mm. long.
Anunmarked species which goes in the first group of Forbes’s handbook (“Lepidoptera of New York and Neighboring States’’).
It is closest to fletcherella and occidentis from which it differs in the color of head and hind wing. From cerasivorella and zelleriella it is separable by the lack of any pale shading at apex of fore wing; from /aricella by its much darker color; and from unicolorella and cinerella by its very different larval case. Its genitalia also prevent its being identified with any of the above species.
Coleophora sparsipuncta, new species.
Antenna with short basal tuft; white without darker annulations. Palpus white with a faint streak of fuscous along under side; porrect, straight; no
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 1, JAN.,1929 19
appreciable tuft on second joint; second joint long, third quite short. Face, head and thorax white or (in some specimens) pale cream white. Fore wing white with a few scattered black scales on outer half and in many of the speci- mens a very faint cream or ocherous shading through center and along dorsum of wing; cilia creamy white with a faint smoky tint behind tornus. Hind wing smoky fuscous; cilia concolorous except on costa where they are paler. Legs white with inner sides smoky fuscous and with a narrow ocherous or fuscous streak along outer side of hind tibia. Under side of fore and hind wings smoky fuscous. Alar expanse, 12-18 mm.
Type and paratypes.—Cat. No. 41632 U.S.N.M._ Paratypes also in American Museum, Canadian National, Barnes and Braun collections.
Type locality —Lapel, Indiana (E. S. Cascadden, collector).
Food plant.—Aster.
Described from male type and 67 male and 60 female para- types all from the type locality and reared during late June and early July, 1928.
The larval case is of the needle type, straight, slender, smooth, straw white in color and gradually tapering to a collapsible triangularly compressed apex; mouth deflected to about 45 degrees; length, 18-24 mm.; width, 1.5 mm.
This species is close to argentella Chambers and wythiae Walsinghams from both of which it is separable by its darker hind wings and the scattered black scaling of fore wing. Its larval case readily distinguishes it from the other known aster-feeding species. On the sum of its characters it is prob- ably closest to veroniaeella Chambers and in the arrangement adopted for Forbes’s “Lepidoptera of New York and Neighbor- ing States” it would be associated with that species. From veroniaeella and its allies, however, it differs very markedly in genitalia.
A CORRECTION. By Cart Hernricn, U.S. Bureau of Entomology.
In my description of the Laspeyresia palmetum published in the Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 30, June, 1928, p. 109, I gave the foodplant as a small berry-like fruit, possibly Jcacorea paniculata. This tentative identification was based upon a misunderstanding. I understood Mr. Jones to say the fruit was that of a small shrub. Since the publication of my article I have learned from him that it is the seed of the “Silver Palm,” Coccothrinax jucunda Sarg. The food plant record therefore should be corrected accordingly.
20 «PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 1, JAN., 1929
A NEW SPECIES OF DANAIDAE FROM THE PHILIPPINE IS- LANDS, IN THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
By W. Scuaus, Bureau of Entomology, U. S, Department of Agriculture. Euploea blossomae, new species.
Male.—Body black; large white points laterally on frons, and smaller points behind antennae, a pair on collar, others on shoulders, and underside of thorax; a white line below eyes; white streaks on coxae and tibiae. Abdomen below with white transverse lines connected with sublateral white spots. Wings above black suffused with dark iridescent blue except on outer margin. Fore wing: small white streaks at base of veins 6-10; a subapical white fascia cut by veins, the spots between veins 6 and 8 larger; a small outer spot above vein 2, and one above vein 3; a marginal series of white spots from just above vein 6 to vein 1; cilia in part faintly tipped with white. Hind wing: a double series of large marginal spots; costal margin white; a creamy white spot of androconia at upper end of cell; cilia well tipped with white. Wings below chestnut brown, the white marginal spots as above, the fore wing with also a white point near cell between veins 3 and 4, and a short spot between veins 2 and 3; on hind wing there is a small white spot beyond cell above vein 6.
Expanse.—66 mm. :
Habitat—Surigao, Mindanao, Philippine Islands.
Type.—Cat. No. 33528 U.S. N. M.
It is a pleasure to name this beautiful species in honor of Mrs. D. S. Blossom, who takes such a great interest in scientific work.
NEEDHAM’S ELEMENTARY LESSONS ON INSECTS.!
Successfully to select from a vast assemblage of material and to condense within the limits of slightly more than 200 pages a practical textbook on entomology 1s a task that only a teacher of long experience and a writer of rare skill and judgment could hope to perform. Professor Needham is to be congratulated on the fact that in the simplification necessitated by such severe abridgment he has avoided in large degree the half-truths which often mar the pages of elementary textbooks. The matter is presented in a logical and convenient form, em- bracing chapters on insect structure, development, habits and a brief survey of control methods. The chapter on collecting, preserving and rearing insects, which concludes the work, should prove especially valuable to the beginner in entomology. The book is well printed on excellent stock and illustrated with clean-cut, intelligently chosen line drawings, and is substantially and handsomely bound in blue and silver. As a textbook to serve both teacher and student as an introduction to the ele- ments of entomology this work is in a class by itself.
—W. R. Watton.
1Ementary Lessons On Insects, James G. Needham, Springfield, Ill., 1928, Charles C. Thomas, $2.00.
Actual date of publication, Fanuary 28, 1929
“<
VOL. 31 FEBRUARY, 1929 No. 2
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON
CONTENTS
ALDRICH, J. M.—-NOTES ON SYNONYMY OF DIPTERA, NO. 3 RACAe ot ny bree
BRIDWELL, JOHN COLBURN-—THE COWPEA BRUCHID (COLEOPTERA) UNDER ANOTHER NAME—A PLEA FOR ONE KIND OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIALIST
COTTON, RICHARD T.—THE LARVA OF THE WEEVIL EXOPTHALMUS QUADRI- VITTATUS OLIV. (COLEOPTERA: RHYNCOPHORIDAE) et ya sib 4
DYAR, HARRISON G. AND HEINRICH, CARL—~A NEW SPECIES OF ACROBASIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE; PHYCITINAE) bd ag
EWING, H. E.—A NEW VARIETY OF TARSONEMUS (loauiea). FROM THE PACIFIC COAST Se) Se a ee eee ae ee
WOLCOTT, GEORGE N.—NOTES ON THE LIFE HISTORY OF EXOPTHALMUS QUAD- RIVITTATUS OLIV. (COLEOPTERA)
PusiisHeD MontHiy Except Jury, AuGust AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C.
Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C.,
Act of August 24, 1912.
31
ail
Under?
Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October
~3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918.
THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
OrcanizeD Marcu 12, 1884.
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Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the ProceEpinGcs and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over any submitted by non-members.
OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1929.
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PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE
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VOlE. Si FEBRUARY, 1929 No. 2
NOTES ON THE LIFE-HISTORY OF EXOPTHALMUS QUAD- RIVITTATUS OLIVIER (COLEOPTERA).
By Georce N. Wo corr, Service Technique, Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
The grubs of the various species of the Otiorhynchid beetles of the genus Diaprepes are major pests in Porto Rico and the Lesser Antilles. They feed on and burrow into the roots of sugar-cane, and other crops, while the tender leaves of citrus trees often prove most ‘attractive to the adults. It has been supposed that these beetles ordinarily have a one-year life- cycle under favorable conditions, but this is merely a supposi- tion. It is based, not on definite and careful rearing befitting pests of such wide-spread economic importance, but rather on the more or less regular recurrence of an increasing abundance of adults during the spring, and their comparative scarcity at other times. While stationed in Porto Rico, the writer twice started to rear these grubs from egg clusters, but in both cases the material was neglected or thrown away during his temporary absence, and a favorable opportunity to recommence rearing ex- periments was not presented until the spring of 1927 while stationed in Haiti.
In the first large island to the westward of Porto Rico, His- paniola, only a single species, abbreviatus L., of Diaprepes occurs (of which Dr. Marshall recognizes two varieties, comma Bohe- man and doublieri Guerin), and this species is found only in the eastern or Dominican end of the island. Several species of a closely allied genus, Exophthalmus, do occur throughout the island, and as the distinction between the two genera is due to a mere difference in the comparative length of the first joint of the funiculus, in the more general facts of their life-history, Diaprepes and Fxopthalmus may be supposed to be essentially alike.
By comparison with near-by countries of similar size, Haiti grows comparatively little sugar-cane, and in none of the cane fields have grubs of Exopthalmus been noted in sufficient abundance to cause appreciable damage. At Leogane, adults of the largest species, guadrivittatus Olivier, were several times noted feeding on the leaves of Sesbania sericea in cane fields, and their grubs of course might be one more factor in addition to poor drainage, mosaic disease, etc., of the unfavorable com- plex adversely affecting this cane. In general, however, none
22 PROC. ENT. SOC, WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 2, FEB., 1929
of the species of Exopthalmus may be considered particularly common in Haiti, especially by comparison with the allied genus Lachnopus, of which both species and individuals are much more numerous.
In a small citrus nursery at the Experiment Station at Haina, Republica Dominicana, both Exopthalmus quadrivittatus and Diaprepes a. comma were found in considerable abundance by the writer in 1920, and in the spring of 1927 a comparable abundance of the former species was noted in a citrus nursery at Damien farm, near Port-au-Prince, Haiti. The beetles were feeding on the tender leaves or resting in clusters in rolled- up leaves. A closer inspection disclosed the fact that the females were depositing eggs between the leaves, irregular masses of from several scores to several hundreds of these being glued together in single layers between the edges of two ad- joining leaves. From the economic standpoint, the most interesting observation on these egg clusters was the fact that over half of them were parasitized by an apparently undescribed species of Tetrastichus.. The wasps, on emerging, burrowed directly through the leaf tissue and often half a dozen or more such holes occurred in each of the leaves surrounding a parasi- tized egg cluster. Repeated collections of egg masses were made during the last of March and in early April, and the grubs hatching from some of these masses were used in attempting to determine by actual rearing, the minimum length of the larval period, and for making other life-history observations.
The individual eggs are cream-colored and barrel-shaped, measuring 1.28 to 1.44 mm. in length and .48 to .56 mm. in width. One egg cluster containing 140 eggs weighed .0305 gr., and one of 223 eggs weighed .0497 gr., which, making allow- ance for a small amount of cement holding the eggs together, indicates that the individual egg weighs about .00022 gr. The newly emerged larvae weigh .00014 gr., and ten live adults weighed 2.8157 gr., so that the adult weighs over 2,000 times as much as does its off-spring at the beginning of larval exis- tence.
Before the larvae have half completed their growth they weigh as much as do the adults, and, most surprisingly, they appear to reach their maximum weight and size months before they are ready to transform to pupae. The weights of some larvae during different instars is shown in the following table:
Date of weighing Instar Weight Aug. 11, 1927 6th RSISMIE) fete. 7th 5662 gr. 8th 5565 gr.
'This species was described by A. B. Gahan, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 31,
p. 17, as Tetrastichus haitiensis Gahan.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 2, FEB., 1929 23
8th .5854 gr. (molted Aug. 9) 8th .7108 gr. (molted Aug. 9) 8th .9698 gr.
Sept. 21, 1927 9th 1.018 gr. 11th .834 gr.
As the eleventh instar grub died a day or two after being weighed, and the other grubs remaining were too few in number to permit risking any additional unnecessary casualties, the weighing of the older grubs was reluctantly discontinued. However, it did not require a chemical balance to indicate that they were no longer making rapid gains in size and weight, for they were obviously smaller than they had been previously.
The rapid increase in size and weight during the earlier instars is most obviously reflected in the dimensions of the head. With a little experience, one can tell accurately the instar of the grub by looking at its head during the earlier instars, although as they become older, no apparent increase in head size can be noted with succeeding molts:
Instar Width of Head ° Ist .3—.32 mm.
2d 5) Imm.
3d .68 mm.
4th 122) mm
Sth 2.54-2.6 mm.
‘Most of the grubs on molting to the sixth instar attain a width of head cf 3.0 mm., or sometimes a little more, so that they can not readily be distinguished from those of the 7th and 8th instars, in which the width approximates 3.5 mm. This is the maximum size attained, and the later instars can only be determined by keeping each larva in an individual can, so that each cast skin can with certainty be assigned to the individual responsible for it. The inability of the grubs to make gains in weight and size after the ninth instar, despite the fact that they continue to feed and molt more or less regularly, is cor- related with a deepening of their color, like the ageing of old ivory. When one considers the hardness and thickness of chitinization of the adults, it is hardly surprising that this re- quires adequate preparation by consolidation and dessication in the larval stages. Insects having a complete metamorphosis attain their maximum live weight towards the end of the larval period, and in most cases during the last larval instar. It would be interesting to determine whether the maximum dry weight of these grubs continues to increase in the later larval instars, instead of decreasing as does the live weight. In this connec-
24 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 2, FEB., 1929
tion, it should be noted that the maximum weight of the larva is over three times the weight of the adult.
The incubation period of the eggs is from eight to ten days. Eggs about to hatch turn somewhat brownish at one end, indi- cating the head of the contained larva. When the eggs hatch, the larvae wiggle between the leaves and do not burrow through the leaf tissue in emerging from the cluster. If one tears apart the leaves surrounding eggs that have recently hatched, many larvae are found resting on top of, or in the spaces between the flattened egg-shells, awaiting the hatching of other eggs at the edge of the cluster so that they can get out. The larvae crawl over the surface of the leaf with a galloping motion, but quickly drop to the earth beneath when the leaf slopes steeply from the horizontal. Placed on finely sifted soil in tightly covered tin salve boxes, they showed no haste to burrow beneath the soil, and even days later, when, after having been in the dark, they were suddenly exposed to the light and left in the light, they did not burrow away from it. They came readily to the surface of the soil also during the first instar, making little piles of fine dirt like those heaped up in a ditch by the little mole cricket, Ellipes minuta Scudder. Those whose instincts had not been disastrously affected by the artificial conditions provided by a closed tin salve box, however, promptly tunneled into the soil and to the bottom of the can, finding there soft kernels of corn, into which they burrowed.
The very young larvae are elongate and cylindrical, not pear-shaped, having a cream-colored body, a light yellow-brown head and darker mandibles. When about to molt, the larva ceases to be clean, as it is ordinarily, for the finer particles of soil at this time adhere to its skin. It also loses its cylindrical shape, and is considerably flattened ventrally. It rests quietly on its back in a cell only slightly larger than itself, with no exit or entrance, deep in the soil. Between molts, the larva is active in an elongate tunnel, at one end of which is its supply of food. The larvae appeared to prefer the kernels of corn for food, rather than its shoots or roots, although they often severed them, and even the yellow leaves were sometimes partly eaten. Bits of sweet-potato were not touched, and as the corn was most satisfactory in many ways for feeding them, no additional qualitative experiments in food material were tried.
A determination of the exact length of the larval instars of soil insects often can not readily be obtained. In the case of Exopthalmus, larvae at least, the disturbance incidental to ex- amination even several days before or after molting often re- sulted in their death. This heavy mortality was not serious at first when one had hundreds of individuals, but proved dis- astrous later, when their numbers were greatly reduced, and additional material could not be obtained until the next season.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 2, FEB., 1929 25
Most fortunately, however, the larger grubs often were in such a position that they could be observed without disturbance of the soil about them, and careful and exact examinations could be readily made.
In the can thoroughly examined most recently after all the larvae had hatched, which happened to be within eleven days, three larvae had already molted to third instar, one was in the second instar, while most of the larvae were still in the first instar. Those still in the first instar were apparently no larger than when they had first hatched, and presumably had not eaten, while those in the second and third instars were almost invariably found burrowing into kernels of corn. In another can examined twenty-three days after the hatching of the larvae, two larvae were found that had reached the fourth instar, although many first instar larvae were still wandering about, no larger than when they came from the eggs. The minimum length of the first instar is thus only a few days, and presumably not more than a week or ten days in any case where the larva does eat, grow and molt. First instar larvae were found alive and active even a month after hatching, but they had apparently not eaten during this time, and at the next ob- servation, all had disappeared. The greatest mortality thus takes place during the first instar, but probably under natural conditions these grubs aimlessly wandering about, apparently lacking the impulse to eat, would fall an easy prey to ants and other predators long before they had starved to death.
The months during which the various instars occurred, and their relative abundance during the months, as shown by the rearing records, are noted in the following table:
Instars Ist 2d 3d 4th Sth Oth 7th Sth 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th Month
v.many many 6 2- =| SF Se => — Ss April
many v. many v. many 49 14 May none 2 8 Se LOR el? June
4° 23 sil 3 July SSS AN TISE
1 — — Sept. Oct. 1 — — Nov. 1 — Dec. lane
te nu me wn | | |
After the grubs had begun to eat and grow, there appeared to be no delay in their continued growth until the sixth instar. The average length of the second, third, fourth and fifth in- stars was between two and two and a half weeks each, but some of the grubs in the sixth instar were very slow in trans- forming to the next instar. One grub which had molted to the sixth on May 25, did not molt again until August 6, while
26 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 2, FEB., 1929
most of them required over a month for this instar. After the sixth instar, the remaining instars were of more normal length, although all were longer than before, from three to four weeks each. Although some grubs grew rapidly and molted promptly during one or more instars, they often appeared to stand still for weeks in some succeeding instar. As a result, the grubs which had hatched on the same day from the same egg-cluster, and a month later might be scattered over two or three or even four instars, in later months came to approach each other more closely in instar, and in size became practically indistinguish- able.
One grub molted to the 11th instar on September 21, but on account of handling too soon afterwards, while being weighed, died a day or two later. One other grub molted to the 10th instar on the same date, and died soon afterwards. A third grub molted to the 10th instar on October 25, and was found dead two weeks later. On March 30, 1928, the only remaining grub, of the hundreds with which rearing operations had been commenced 10 months before, was found crushed. It was then in the 15th instar, having molted for the last time on March 16, 1928. The record of larval molts for the individual and its companions follow.
Record of Larval Molts. March 23 egg mass collected. March 31 _ hatching. April 2 all hatched. April 18 many in 2d and 3d instar. May 4 3%n 4th instar, 4 in 3d instar. May 11 1 in 3d dead. May 16 3in 4th, 1 in 3d. May 18 21in 4th removed. May 23 1 in Sth, 1 in 3d instar. May 29 added 1 5th from 4. June 7 Stanly: June) 1S GaiNGehe June 20 1 6th. Iuily eS eee July 26 molted to 8th. Sept. 6 molted to 9th. Sept. 15 fed sweet potato. Oct. 5 molted to 9th (must be 10th). Nov. 19 molted to 11th. Dec. 12 molted to 12th. Jan. 4 molted to 13th. March 3. molted to 14th. March 16 molted to 15th. March 30 accidentally killed.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 2, FEB., 1929 a7
THE LARVA OF THE WEEVIL EXOPTHALMUS QUADRIVIT- TATUS OLIVIER (COLEOPTERA: RHYNCOPHORIDAE).
By Ricuarp T. Corron, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C.
The following description of the larva of Exopthalmus quadri- vittatus Olivier has been prepared from material reared by Dr. George N. Wolcott at Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
Description of Mature Larva. (Plate No. 1.)
Generalities:
The full grown larva (fig. 8) is about 16 mm. long and 6 mm. wide; it is cylindrical and slightly curved in the typical curculionid manner.
The head (fig. 2) is yellowish-brown with darker margins; each epicranial half has two well defined light colored areas.
The body is whitish in color, with a well defined yellowish-brown prothoracic shield. The spiracles (fig. 5) are large, bifore-annular, and somewhat pear- shaped. They are present on the mesothorax and the first eight abdominal segments. The mesothoracic spiracle is noticeably larger than the abdominal ones; it points upward and is located on a small lobe pushed into the posterior part of the prothorax. The abdominal spiracles are all of the same size and have the longitudinal axis pointing obliquely upward and forward; the eighth one is placed slightly more dorsal than the rest.
Head:
About as broad as long from anterior margin of frons to occipital foramen, the sides broadly rounded.
Epicranial suture distinctly longer than half of cranium. Each epicranial half with eight large and six minute setae as shown in figure 2.
Ocelli lacking.
Frons about four-fifths the length of the epicranial suture; frontal sutures forming an angle of about 120°; median frontal carina lacking. Two long setae, three minute setae and two sensory spots on each side of the frontal plate as shown in figure 2.
Antenna (fig. 6) small, two-jointed, basal joint with 7 small setae (in the preserved alcoholic specimens), apical joint broad and flattened.
Clypeus transverse; about three times as wide as long, and bearing on each side two setae at suture between clypeus and epistoma.
Labrum transverse, anterior margin convex and indistinctly trilobed; slightly more than twice as wide as long. Dorsal face (fig. 2) with four setae on each side. Anterior margin (fig. 9) with a group of three lateral and a median group of two setae on each side (one of the median setae similar in size to the lateral setae, the other much shorter). Ventral face (or epipharynx) (fig. 9) on each side with two setae and one small group of sensory spots inside of the epipharyngeal rod (er).
Mandible (fig. 4) subtriangular, somewhat larger at base than apically; inside
28 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 2, FEB., 1929
slightly concave, distally bluntly pointed without teeth. Two setae on dorso- external face.
Maxilla (fig. 1): Cardo (ca) smooth, yellowish-brown. Stipes proper (st) smooth, yellowish-brown with one large seta, one minute seta and sensory spot. Palpiger (g) soft, with two setae and a sensory spot on ventral face. Maxillary lobe (or mala) (m) single, large, tip obtuse and rounded, reaching about to middle of apical joint of palpus; on ventral face with two large and two small setae and a sensory spot; on buccal face with about eight stout setae. Maxillary palp (p) short, with two joints; basal joint slightly longer and about twice as wide as the apical, which is conical, obtuse and about twice as long as wide; basal joint with one seta and two sensory spots; apical joint papillose at tip, with one sensory spot.
Subfacial area (sf, fig. 1) fleshy, and probably formed by a fusion of the mental, submental and maxillary articulating areas; it carries three setae on each side.
Prementum (=the fused labial stipites) (pm, fig. 1) posteriorly and laterally limited by a well defined, curved chitinization which in the middle line extends like a heavy stick both anteriorly and posteriorly; one seta and one sensory spot on each side. Labial palp two-jointed; basal joint about as long as and twice as wide as apical, which is conical; basal joint with one sensory spot; apical joint papillose at tip, one sensory spot. Ligula well developed, thick and fleshy; ventral face (li, fig. 1) with one small seta and one sensory spot on each side; dorsal face (In, fig. 3) with one small seta and one sensory spot on each side, lateral margins on the dorsal side setose.
Paragnath (pet, fig. 3) a setose lobe.
Hypopharynx (hyp, fig. 3) fleshy, membranous, longitudinally wrinkled, supported on each side by a chitinous rod.
Thorax:
Tergum of prothorax simple, not differentiated into tergal areas; each side with a lightly chitinized, indistinctly defined, yellowish-brown shield. There are on each side 11 setae arranged as shown in figure 8. Mesothorax and meta- thorax with tergum divided into prescutum (psc), scuto-scutellum (sc-scl) plus alar area (a) and post-scutellum (pscl). Prescutum (psc) with one seta on each side; scuto-scutellum with 4 setae on each side; alar area with two setae.
Epipleurum (e) of prothorax large, lobe-like with distinct pre-epipleural section (ea). The epipleurum of mesothorax large with well-developed pre- epipleural (ea) and small post-epipleural (eb) sections, two setae on epipleurum proper, one on pre-epipleural section. The metathoracic epipleurum without clearly defined pre-epipleural section, otherwise similar in form to the corres- ponding mesothoracic area.
The hypopleural and sternal areas of all thoracic segments are very similar in size and arrangement.
Hypopleurum (h) situated below the ventro-lateral suture with two fine setae on the prothoracic lobe and one on each of the mesothoracic and meta- thoracic lobes.
Presternum absent in each segment, eusternum (est) large, unpaired, with one seta on each side. Parasternum (or coxal lobe) (cx), triangular, with
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 2, FEB., 1929 28)
rounded swelling below hypopleurum; 7 either normal or small setae present. Poststernellum (post) small, spindle-shaped without setae.
Abdomen:
The first eight segments are almost identical in all respects, the two last modified and reduced in size.
Tergum divided into prescutum (psc, fig. 8), scutum (sc), scutellum (scl), postscutellum (pscl) and alar area (a). The setal arrangement is on each side as follows: prescutum with one seta; scutum without setae; scutellum with 5 setae arranged as shown in figure 8; postscutellum without setae; alar area with two setae.
Epipleurum (e) ventrally limited by the ventro-lateral suture; median region with two setae.
Hypopleurum (h) below the ventro-lateral suture, with two setae.
Presternum wanting; eusternum (est) same as in thoracic segments but with two setae on each side. Parasternum (or coxal lobe) (cx) triangular, with one seta; poststernellum small, spindle-shaped, without setae.
Ninth abdominal segment smaller, with tergal areas less differentiated and with fewer setae.
Tenth abdominal segment small, globular, or wart-like with about 8 setae.
Spiracles bifore-annular with a thick rim in which a pair of minute air tubes are located, a deeply hollowed mouth piece, beset with numerous fine, short spinulae, and a slit-like opening at the bottom.
Comments:
The larva of Exopthalmus quddrivittatus Olivier is almost identical in appearance with the larva of the closely allied Diaprepes abbreviatus Linnaeus. The larvae of the two species, however, may be readily distinguished by the size of the spiracles, the spiracles of Exopthalmus quadrivittatus (fig. 5) being almost twice as large as those of Diaprepes abbreviatus Linnaeus! (fig. 7). The measurements of the spiracles are as follows: Ex- opthalmus quadrivittatus, mesothoracic spiracle length 0.6 mm., width 0.4 mm.; abdominal spiracle length 0.37 mm., width 0.26 mm. Diaprepes abbreviatus, mesothoracic spiracle length 0.36 mm., width 0.25 mm.; abdominal spiracle length 0.23 mm.,
width 0.16 mm.
'The spiracles of the larvae of the genus Diaprepes, examined by the writer, are bifore-annular as in Exopthalmus. In a paper entitled ““Some sugar-cane root-boring weevils of the West Indies” (Journal of Agric. Research, vol. IV, no. 3, 1915), the author, W. Dwight Pierce, has given a habitus-figure of the larva of Diaprepes spengleri, on which the spiracles appear to be annular; but no detailed description or figures of the spiracles are presented.
PLATE | PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31
COTTON—EXOPTHALMUS.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 2, FEB., 1929 Sill
EXPLANATION OF PLATE. (Drawings by the author.)
1. Ventral mouthparts, ventral view: ca, cardo; g, palpiger; li, ligula; m, mala; p, palpus; pm, prementum; sf, subfacial area; st, stipes maxillaris.
2. Head capsule, dorsal view.
3. Ventral mouthparts, buccal view: hyp, hypopharynx; In, ligula, dorsal face; m, mala; pgt, paragnath.
. Mandible, dorsal view.
. Mesothoracic spiracle with enlarged view of air tubes.
. Antenna.
. Mesothoracic spiracle of Diaprepes abbreviatus Linnaeus.
. Larva, habitus from the side: a, alar area; cx, parasternum; e, epipleurum; ea, pre-epipleural lobe; eb, post-epipleural lobe; est, eusternum; h, hypo- pleurum; post, poststernellum; psc, prescutum; pscl, postscutellum; sc, scutum; scl, scutellum; sc-scl, scuto-scutellum.
9. Epipharynx: er, epipharyngeal rod.
oN A NM
A NEW VARIETY OF TARSONEMUS (ACARINA) FROM THE PACIFIC COAST.
By H. E. Ewine, U. S. Bureau of Entomology.
On the Pacific Coast, Tarsonemid mites have been found in- festing narcissus plants and bulbs and causing some injury to the same. They penetrate between the fleshy scales of bulbs and by their activities cause a deadening of the tissues they attack. This Tarsonemid mite, which is apparently unde- scribed, is frequently accompanied by a predaceous, beneficial, Gamasid mite, that should not be confused with the former.
Tarsonemus approximatus Banks, var. narcissi, new variety.
Female.—Of the type of approximatus Banks. Last segment of last pair of legs extending beyond the margin of the abdomen by about its length. This segment is a little over half as long as the penultimate.
Length of female, 0.23 mm.; width, 0.11 mm.
Male.—Capitulum almost circular. Posterior cephalothoracic — bristles rather short and spinelike, in length equal to one and a half times the width of coxa II. Posterior lateral setae of abdomen spinelike, not equal to femur IV in length. Last pair of legs longer and stouter than the third pair; coxa some- what triangular, as broad as long and without seta; femur longer than all the other segments taken together, swollen laterally and slightly emarginate on the inner border at the insertion of inner distal seta, which is straight and equal to the width of the femur in length, lateral seta of femur curved and reaching to the tip of the segment. Distal segment of last pair of legs slightly longer than broad, inner spine at tip of segment and about one-third as long as tarsal claw, outer seta clavate, situated almost at tip of segment and half as long as tarsal
32 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO.(2, .FEB.,. 1929
claw, ventral seta straight, slightly longer than tarsal claw and slightly sur- passing the same; tarsal claw stout, slightly shorter than the last segment of the
leg. Length of male, 0.16 mm.; width, 0.09 mm.
Type locality —California.
Type slide—Cat. No. 960, U.S. N. M.
Described from many males and females taken from stems, leaves and flower buds of Narcissus, San Leandro, California, February 3, 1926, by C. F. Doucette; from stems and leaves of Narcissus, Natividad, California, January 28, 19263by Be Doucette; from stems and leaves of Narcissus, Natividad, Cali= fornia, February 6, 1826, by Ck: Doucette: from Narcissus bulbs (alba plana odorata) from Bellingham, Washington, Sep- tember 18, 1928, by David Griffiths.
This variety differs from approximatus Banks in having much shorter tarsal claws on the last pair of legs of the male. Also the ventral seta of the last segment of leg IV of the male is not more than half as long as it is in approximatus Banks.
The writer also examined some specimens of Tarsonemus taken by Doucette from Narcissus plants at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 13, 1925, which may have been this variety, but he was unable to locate any males, hence could not defi- nitely identify them.
NOTES ON SYNONYMY OF DIPTERA, NO. 3.! By J. M. Aupricu, U. 8. National Museum.
1. Muscopteryx chaetosula Townsend. This species, type of the genus, was described in the Canadian Entomologist, vol. 24, 1892, p. 171, from a single specimen said to be a male, from Chihuahua, Mexico. Coquillett in his Revision, 1897, p. 125, misidentified the species, and on p. 132 described the true chaetosula as Brachycoma pulverea, as 1 find by comparing both types. Brachycoma is a Sarcophagid genus, the postscutellum being undeveloped. The type of chaetosu/a is a female, not a male, and the term silvery as applied to the pollen should have been cinereous. It has a well-developed postscutellum. Be- sides the female type of pulverea, the National Museum now has a male of the species, collected by Townsend on the Rio Ara- vaipa, Arizona. In this male the width of the front at the narrowest, somewhat anterior to ocelli, is 0.16 of the head, and there are no orbital bristles; the fourth vein is more angular at
1The present paper is a continuation of two published in these Proceedings last year (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 30, 1928, pp. 41-45 and 142-145); these were not numbered, but since others may follow from time to time, it seems desirable to number the parts hereafter.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 2, FEB., 1929 33
the bend and the apical cell is not quite closed. In both sexes the fourth abdominal segment has a definite row of small bristles at the first fourth of the length, a row of large bristles at the middle, and a row almost as large just before the tip, together with some smaller at tip.
iownsend, im Journal N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 23, 1915, ps 219; says the specimen identified by Coquillett i in 1897 as age is a male of Muscopteryx tibialis, described by Coquillett in Proce U2 )S..NiM. 2571902. p. 115, which species Townsend makes the type of a new genus Metopomuscopteryx. This is certainly a valid genus, ¢dialis being a much more bristly species than chaefosula. On the same page Townsend describes Paramuscopteryx genalis, and mentions that Coquillett had labeled the type as Muscopteryx chaetosula, although it is a dis- tinct species from the one mentioned in his Revision. The genus Paramuscopteryx (p. 218) has genalis as type, and I think is valid, although the description as far as it is a comparison with Muscoptery x 1s misleading, since Townsend had also failed to recognize his own species, designating Coquillett’s Brachy- coma ane as type of Psammoppia new genus in Proc. Biol. poe vvash., 20, 1915.3 20:
Paramuscopteryx differs from Muscopteryx chiefly in having several irregular rows of bristles on the parafacials, instead of a single uniform row; antennae larger, third joint more elong- ated; hairs of back of head all dark: a pair of acrostichals just before suture; discals on first abdominal segment and prediscals on second and third; third vein with a single bristle at base, rarely two.
. Paratheresia signifera Townsend. The history of this species is of considerable interest. It was reared by Rosenfeld and Barber at Tucuman, Argentina, in 1911 to 1913, from the sugar-cane borer, Diatraea sacchat -alis, and was discussed and figured by them without a scientific name in their extensive paper on the borer, in Revista Industrial y Agricola de Tucu- man, vol. 4, 1913-14, p. 324, pl. 12. I find specimens in the National Museum from them dated 1911 to 1913, evidently sent here for identification, but at a time when there was no specialist in the group at the Museum.
Dr. Townsend described the species in Journal N. Y. Ent. Soc., 23, 1915, p. 65, from a single female which he found on the trunk of a tree in Peru; the habits of the species were of course unknown. In 1920 I identified Townsend’s 3 species in material brought by Dr. Wm. M. Mann from Monte Cristo, Honduras, which had been reared from Diatraea saccharalis there; also in 1924 the species was sent with the same habit by Osborn and Van Zwaluwenburg, from Potrero, Vera Cruz, Mexico. Van Zwaluwenburg published a note in Journal Econ. Ent., 19,
34 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 2, FEB., 1929
1926, p. 664, on his attempt to introduce the parasite into Sinaloa from Vera Cruz. Holloway, Haley and Loftin, Tech. Bull. 41, U. S. Dept. Agric., 1928, p. 44, have noted the same case; and Townsend has discussed the same parasitic habit in Peru in Bol. 1, Est. Exper. Agron., Lima, Peru, 1928, p. 24, fis. 29: 30:
Apparently in 1926 the Director of the Experiment Station in Tucuman requested the late Dr. Brethes, of the National Museum in Buenos Aires, to ascertain the identity of the para- sites reared by Rosenfeld and Barber. Brethes then described the species as Sarcophaga diatraeae in Rev. Indust. y Agric. de Tucuman, vol. 17, 1927, p. 207. My attention was drawn to this description by Harold E. Box, who went to Tucuman about that time as entomologist. Through the kindness of Mr. Box I received one of the types of the Brethes species, and found it identical with Townsend’s.
Thus it appears that the species is a rather common parasite of the sugar-cane borer throughout the sugar-growing region of North and South America.
3. Trixoscelis cinerea Coquillett. Described as Parodinia cinerea by Coquillett in Journal N. Y. Ent. Soc., 10, 1902, p. 186; it is the genotype of Parodinia. Coquillett described Leria nuda in Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 12, 1910, p. 130, from two specimens, one from Claremont, Calif. (Baker), the other from Santa Fe, N. M. (Cockerell). The latter specimen is the same as his types of cinerea, while the former is a different species which was described as Trixoscelis prima by Hendel in Wien. Ent. Zeit., 30, 1911, p. 43. It is necessary to designate one of the cotypes of cinerea as the type. I choose for this purpose the one from Claremont, Calif., although this has the regrettable effect of making prima asynonym. The types of prima were said to be from Claremont, N. H., but this was a geographical error in the State, as they came from Claremont, Calif., and bore identical labels with the type of muda. Since I sent the material to Dr. Hendel, I am certain of this, although I do not have any of his types. Melander, in Psyche, 20, 1913, p. 169, says, ““Hendel’s Trixoscelis prima is the same as Parodinia cinerea Coquillett.” I find however that besides the black third joint in cinerea, the species also has four or five irregular rows of acrostichals, while prima (or nuda) has wholly yellow third joint and two definite rows of acrostichals.
Coquillett’s mistake in referring two species (as one) of this genus to Leria is similar to my own in putting my Sz/igo in Heleomyzidae. In admitting my mistake, in Canad. Ent., 42, 1910, p. 100, I excused myself a little by noting that Loew once described a Geomyza as a Leria. Frey, in Acta Soc. Fauna et Flora Fenn., 48, 1921, p. 220, proposed a family Trixoscelidae,
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 2, FEB., 1929 35
next to Heleomyzidae, on the basis-of his study of the mouth parts. This family is accepted by Hendel in his recent general paper on the families of Diptera (Tierwelt Deutschlands, Teil ee Wipters, DE 1928. p. 99):
4. Genus Hippelates Loew. Malloch published a revision of the genus and a few related forms in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 46, 1913, pp. 239-266, with two plates. Shortly after the appearance of the paper I had occasion to examine his material and to visit the Museum of Comparative Zoology and examine the types of Loew’s species. The results of this work have been awaiting publication until I could complete a manuscript on the family Chloropidae, or at least a part of it. Recently some of my findings were communicated to Professor Herms in con- nection with identification work, and have been published by him in Journal Econ. Ent. 21, 1928, p. 691. It seems desirable to publish the remainder of my notes, and for completeness I add what Professor Herms has already printed.
Hippelates nudifrons Malloch is Hippelates flaviceps Loew (published as Oscinis)
Hippelates nitidifrons Malloch is typical flavipes Loew.
Pusio Loew is flavipes of Malloch.
Pusio Malloch is a different form.
Malloch’s key requires the following corrections as to the numbers in order to be workable:
Page 240, couplet 11, the second alternative should run to 20 instead of 21; couplet 12, the second alternative should run to 17 instead of 18. Page 241, left side, strike out the numbers 18, 21, and 23, as there are no such couplets.
5. Admontia nasoni Coquillett. Curran has described Ad- montia ruficeps in Canad. Ent., 59, 1927, p. 296, based on a male from Green Bay, Wis. This I believe the heretofore undescribed male of nasoni. I collected three of the very characteristic females of the species at Lafayette, Indiana, together with one male agreeing with Curran’s description. It would appear that the male does not have the wing coloration which usually makes the female readily identifiable. Besides the type, from Algonquin, Ill., and the specimens already mentioned, the National Museum has three females from Ger- mantown, Pa. (Harbeck), National Park, N. J. (Harbeck), and Colorado (Baker No. 2080). Townsend proposed the new genus Euhyperecteina for nasoni in Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 2 1915, p. 19, but merely by designation of type, without descrip- tion. Iam unable to find sufficient differences between nasoni and the genotype of Admontia (amicta Meigen of Europe) to justify a separate genus for the former.
36 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 2, FEB., 1929
6. Sturmia bakeri Coquillett. This was described by Co- quillett in his Revision of N. A. Tachinidae, 1897, p. 112. The description was based on a single male from Colorado (Baker No. 1580). Curran described what I believe to be the same species as Laximasicera sexualis in Canad. Ent., 59, 1927, p. 14; he had a male from Waterton, Alberta. The genus was characterized as like Erycia but without ocellars. Among other characters, the species is said to have the outer verticals developed in the male, and this sex also has a patch of fine hairs on each side of the under part of the third abdominal segment. With all details of Curran’s description, dakeri is in agreement. I do not attempt to decide the validity of the genus Laximasicera at this time; there are so many other existing genera rather closely allied that I am at a loss to decide with which, if any, it might be synonymous. The National Museum has, besides the type of Saker, the following specimens (Aldrich coll.): one male from Moscow, Idaho; two males and a female from the Turtle Mountains in North Dakota; and a male
from Craig’s Mt., Idaho.
7. Sturmia schizurae Coquillett. Townsend referred this species to Argyrophylax in Taxonomy of the Muscoid Flies, 1908, p. 98; and as there was already a species schizurae in the genus he renamed this one piperz. But the species has well- developed ocellars, and consequently would not go to Argyro- phylax in his key on the same page; hence the new specific name was unnecessary. Having bristly facial ridges, bare eyes, strongly ciliate hind tibiae, etc., the species belongs in Achae- toneura, and is in fact a close relative of frenchii Williston.
8. Neotrafota incarum Townsend. In these Proceedings, 30, 1928, p. 144, I discussed this species and Townsend’s dis- sent from my conclusions on the basis of additional material which he had secured in Peru. In November last he visited Washington and gave to the National Museum two males of the species which in his discussion he had taken to be Neotrafoia incarum. On comparison with the types they turned out to be a new species, as he readily admitted. Hence my conclusions on the synonymy of Charapemyia calida are not affected by his published statements.
PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 2, FEB., 1929 37
A NEW SPECIES OF ACROBASIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE; PHYCITINAE).
By Harrison G. Dyar anp Cart HEtnricu.
(Plate 1.)
This species is of economic importance in Alabama and Georgia, being injurious to the Pecan, so that a name for it is desirable.
Acrobasis cunulae, new species.
(Latin: Cunulae, a little cradle, referring to the larval case.)
In general of a dark slaty gray, uniform, without red tint. Wings of the male without any black sex-marks beneath. Fore wing dark gray; inner line curved, moderately broad, pale gray, preceded on its lower two-thirds by a ridge of raised blackish scales; middle field uniform; discal dots two, blackish, generally separated, followed by a pale gray oblique streak to costa; outer line blackish, denticulate, inbent at submedian fold, followed rather broadly by pale gray; terminal line faintly darker. Hind wing gray, the membrane subpellucid, sordid, the veins and terminal line blackish, darker in the female than in the male. Expanse, 20-24 mm., the females but little larger than the males.
Genitalia figured from type (male) and paratype (female) from the type locality. The male genitalia are distinguished from those of other Acrobasis species by the relatively broader lateral projections (1) of tongue of gnathos.
Cairo, Georgia, May 16, 1927 (G. F. Moznette); Mobile, Alabama, May 16, 1927 iG. A. Pfaffman); Auburn, Alabama, aa 25, 1926 (J. M. Robinson); Dewitt, Georgia, May ai, 1928 G F. Moznette).
Type (male), allotype (female) —Cat. No. 41,598, U.S. N. M. (Mobile, Alabama); paratypes, 16, from this and the other localities mentioned. All specimens reared.
A distinct species easily recognized by its nearly uniform slate gray color and characteristic larval case. The latter is black, stout, ovoid with the open end decidedly tapering, from 18 to 20 mm. long and 4.5 to 5 mm. in diameter at its widest part.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Acrobasis cunulae, new species. Fig. 1. Male genitalia; ventral view of organs spread, with aedoeagus omitted; 1= lateral projection from tongue of gnathos. Fig. 2. Aedoeagus and penis of male.
Fig. 3. Eighth abdominal segment of male showing modified scale tufts. Fig. 4. Genitalia of female; Go=genital opening.
Drawings made under the author’s supervision by Mary Foley Benson of the Bureau of Entomology.
PLATE 2 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 2, FEB., 1929 39 THE COWPEA BRUCHID (COLEOPTERA) UNDER ANOTHER NAME—A PLEA FOR ONE KIND OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIALIST.
By Joun CoiBurn BripWELt.
In checking over the recent bibliography of the Bruchidae, this note was encountered in the Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, Vol. 7, p. 236, 1919: “A Bruchid, Bruchus (Acanthos- celides) trabuti is described occurring in the seeds of Vigna sinensis (cowpea) ftom Timbuctoo.” Being interested in new Bruchidae from the cowpea and somewhat suspicious of them, though the U. S. National Museum Collection contains two which are at least unrecorded, the paper referred to by M. H. Caillol (Bull. Soc. Ent. France 1919) was examined and in it was found a careful and accurate description of the cowpea bruchid or so-called “‘four-spotted bean weevil.” I speak of it thus so it may be recognized, for its nomenclatorial history suggests the Woman at the Well and the husbands she had had and him she then had who was not her husband. Names it has had but the one it now has is not legitimately its own.
It came to me with a shock that in 1919, one of the earliest described and best known of economic Bruchidae could be de- scribed as new in a genus not its own, by a competent entomolo- gist, in a periodical published by the oldest entomological so- ciety in the world. It seemed incredible that it could be re- viewed in such a journal as this, conducted by one of the ablest coleopterists working to-day and the fact escape notice not only then but during the ten years which have since elapsed,—yet this is what has happened.
How can this be? This can be answered but not in a word. The last general revision of the Bruchidae of the world was published by Schoenherr in 1833 and expanded by the ad- dition of many species in 1839. Since then have appeared regional reviews of European species, by Allard using the names Bruchus and Bruchidae, by Baudi with My/abris and Mylabri- dae, by Schilsky reverting to Bruchus and Bruchidae, local European treatment by Bedel and Reitter have Laria and Lariidae. Dr. Sharp and Horn and Fall in treating American species, all have used Bruchus and Bruchidae while Leng’s Cata- logue turns to My/abris and Mylabridae; while the Pic catalogue of the species of the world holds to Bruchus and Bruchidae. But these nomenclatorial vicissitudes have been shared by all the Bruchids and the mere shifting of names should not have obscured such a species.
The cowpea bruchid has had an undue amount of con- fusion about it and its nomenclatorial tangle has so far baffled every student who has treated it so that when one begins to feel sure of his own decision regarding its proper technical
40 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 2, FEB., 1929
name, modesty is likely to suggest caution in making positive assertions. For more than ten years the writer has been working on this group and for more than five of these he has been of the opinion that the technical name for this species should be Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius).
Fabricius 1775, Ent. Syst. 65, described Bruchus maculatus and in 1792, Syst. Ent. (1) 2: 371, Bruchus 4#maculatus. Fah- raeus 1839 in Schoenherr Gen. Curc. 5:11, after examining the Fabrician types, considered them the same species but un- fortunately continued to use the later, more cumbersome and less accurate name, in which he has been followed by other authors down to the present day. I know of no reason to doubt the soundness of his judgment of their specific identity, since no one since has had sounder knowledge of the Bruchidae than Schoenherr’s three associates, Boheman, Gyllenhal, and Fahraeus who did the descriptive work on the Bruchidae in the Genera Curculionidum. We should then, it seems, use the first valid specific name applied to the cowpea bruchid, and that is maculatus of Fabricius 1775.
For the generic name, shall we use Bruchus, Mylabris, Laria, Acanthoecelides or Pachymerus? In my judgment none of these, which have been used, but Ca//losobruchus, which has not been used. Pic in 1902, describing some Bruchidae allied to Bruchus chineneis (Linnaeus) proposed for them and for Chinensis the subgenus Callosobruchus, but did not then nor since elaborate a description which would make maculatus congeneric with chinensis as I believe it to. be. Cal/losobruchus as | understand it is a valid genus of the Bruchinae with the pronotum conical, its sides straight or a little concave, the pronotal margin ob- scured or absent, the pygidium oblique in the 2, subvertical in the «, the hind femur flattened beneath and _ longitudi- nally bicarinate, each carina bearing a tooth near apex, the outer triangular, the inner more acute. The species are strongly sexually dimorphic and in some of them, such as chinensis, the @ antennae are strongly serrate, often being termed pectinate, while in maculatus the joints of the @ an- tennae are slender and subserrate. In form the species may be short and compact, even more so than chinensis, or more elongate, as in maculatus. Pic.emphasizes the callous on the median lobe of the pronotum of chinensis which is present in a more or less developed condition in the species but is not diag- nostic of the genus. Pic indicates in 1912, that he considers chinensis (Linnaeus) as the type but does not quite designate it as such. It is included in the original reference under the synonym scutellaris (Fabricius). Accordingly, in order to put the matter in definite form, Bruchus scutellaris (Fabricius) = Curculio chinensis Linnaeus 1758, is hereby designated as the genotype of Callosobruchus Pic. 1902.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 2, FEB., 1929 41 Pachymerus has been used for our species by various authors but here there is no possibility of doubt. We have unfortun- ately two genera called Pachymerus among the Bruchidae, to say nothing of the genera of the same name in Ichneumonidae, Scarabaeidae, and Lygaeidae. The first of these genera to be established (Thunberg 1805) has for its type Bruchus bactris (Linnaeus) bred by Jacquin from the seeds of a palm of the genus Bactris and about as different from maculatus as any member of the family. But were this not the case and we were free to use the Schoenherrian Pachymerus our species is certainly not congeneric with Bruchus brasiliensis Thunberg, fixed by Schoenherr as the genotype. It can only have been placed there in the belief that Pachymerus should serve as a convenient resting place for Bruchidae with spinose femora regardless of cephalic, thoracic, antennal and other characters or of any similarity or difference of femoral structure even. While brasiliensis and maculatus may perhaps fall into the same sub- family, Pseudopachymerus Pic, which takes the place of Pachy- merus Schoenherr, and Callosobruchus are quite as unlike as any two genera of the Bruchinae. The former is naturally confined to the New World and the latter was peculiar to the Old, until the accidents of commerce permitted three of its species to follow their host plants to the New World. aria, Mylabris, and Bruchus are here excluded from consideration since they are synonyms for a genus differing in thoracic, secondary sexual and other characters and if my judgment is sound, worthy of being held distinct.
But my apology for M. Caillol and the others who contributed in continuing the error into which he has fallen is not complete. Doubtless he felt it hopeless to determine whether his species might have been described under maculatus or quadrimaculatus, or under ornatus, or sinuatus, or ambiguus, or barbicornis, or bistriotus which have been supposed to fall into this synonymy, or under other names not yet suspected. He doubtless felt that with the present imperfect descriptions he could not de- termine his insect and to give Dr. Trabut a name for his eco- nomic insect he proceeded to describe it as new. Still why should he place it in Acanthoscelides?
Here the answer, again, can not be in a word. Herr Schilsky in elaborating the European Bruchidae, like most other workers in the group, felt the need for more genera and transferred a majority of the species into Bruchidius, and after separating these from Bruchus and removing as many as he could to previously described genera, established a convenience genus Acanthoscelides for certain other species of exotic origin es- tablished in EweDrs naturally without recognizing any very good limits for it. Had he had a large familiarity with the Bruchid fauna of the world such as he had of Europe, doubtless
42 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 2, FEB., 1929
he would have realized that Bruchus obtectus Say 1831 (in- advertently treated under the later name iresectus Fahraeus 1839) would fall into a large American genus for which it would serve admirably as genotype. Since he did not and his genus still remains without a designated genotype, we may here attend to that most necessary formality. Bruchus irresectus Fahraeus 1839, is hereby designated as genotype of Acanthoscelides Schilsky. Basing the genus upon this type we find it the largest genus of American Bruchidae. The species have the pronotum conical with the surface even, the sides as seen from above straight or convex, the lateral margins rudimentary, not attaining the anterior margin; the front carinate; the hind femur feebly channeled beneath, Jongitudinally bicarinate and the inner carina with a strong tooth and beyond the tooth one, most often two, but exceptionally even three or four denticles; the abdomen with the intermediate sternites abbreviated and the pygidium oblique, often subvertical. Had the genus been described thus, M. Caillol would not have referred his species to Acanthoscelides. Since neither genus had been adequately described, M. Caillol’s reference might well have been made by any coleopterist except those who would revert to the classifi- cation and place all Bruchidae in one or other of two genera.
Since 1920 it has been my fortune to examine the literature of the Bruchid genera and I feel quite safe in saying that of the 25, more or less, groups in the family of generic or near-generic rank proposed in the family, not one has been described so as to permit the common or ordinary coleopterist to include in it the species belonging to it and to exclude from it the species which do not, excepting only Bruchus as restricted by Schilsky.
Had the condition of the literature permitted M. Caillol to refer the material submitted to him by Dr. Trabut to its species he might have at once directed him to the rich biological and economic literature which records our knowledge of the Cowpea Bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius 1775)).
It would be easy to duplicate this picture of confusion of nomenclature and the resulting disorder and delay in economic work in other groups. My purpose in this is to illustrate the necessity for a certain type of entomological specialist nowhere now supported officially and given freedom to work as any miner or creative artist or naturalist must work—as the ore leads.
The Bruchidae may serve as well as any other group to illus- trate this need. Personal familiarity with this family calls up a multitude of instances which might be brought out to sup- port my conviction that such specialists must be developed, supported, and used for the good of economic work.
Twelve species of Bruchidae have become established in the Hawaiian Islands, four of them having apparently arrived
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 2, FEB., 1929 43
since my work upon them began there in 1918. Of these, four are of Old World origin and eight came from the warmer parts of America. All but one have considerable economic importance and have some economic literature concerning them. Two species are still undescribed but one of these has been discussed under a name based on a misidentification and all the economic literature of significance under this name (Bruchus prosopis) refers to this undescribed species. Of these Hawaiian immigrant Bruchidae, two have been referred to the genus 1n which I should place them. I should refer these twelve species to seven genera, for four of these genera avail- able names are found in literature, while three of them require new names. Six of these species seem to be usually referred to by species names which are not those by which thev should be known while five seem to be called by names properly their own. Not once seems legitimately referred to the genus under which it has been usually placed and every one excepting one of the two undescribed species is involved in nomenclatorial con- fusion such that the literature can not be read until unpublished corrections are recorded without erroneous ideas being com- municated.
No one but a specialist in the study of the Bruchidae of the world can possibly handle intelligently the questions involved in the names, the habits, and their economics, and no specialist in Bruchidae is employed in the whole world, unless one man is so classed and his official duties are confined to the economics of two species.
Instances might be multiplied to weariness of Bruchidae attacking economic plants in all corners of the earth, awaiting the accidents of commerce to spread elsewhere, undescribed, or their habits unknown, or in nomenclatorial confusion, so that one species seems to be two or two to be one, of which we should know and let others know.
Such tasks as are thus suggested may be done only by one type of entomological specialist and it is hoped what is here written may further the development and support of such specialists. The tasks to be done by a specialist in Bruchidae are such as other specialists of the same type must do and an outline of some of them seems pertinent here.
Some eight hundred names have been given to Bruchidae and the habits of perhaps a hundred are known at least partially but no great advance in biology, or economics are to be looked for until certain foundation work in taxonomy is done. Among the tasks which need doing are these:
Stabilization of the nomenclature, determining which generic name should be used for the type genus of the family. + _ Preparation of a catalogue of the binomial names established
44 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 2, FEB., 1929
in the family, so coleopterists may determine if a name used or desired to be used is available or not. At present, no one can determine from any existing catalogue or by any reasonable amount of research whether a proposed binomial may or may not be used. Eleven of our 91 valid described species have recently been changed because of imperfect catalogue work in the past or now require changing.
Description of fifty genera, more or less, necessary in the Bruchidae to reduce the work of specific description and to clarify our ideas of distribution.
Establishment of a general knowledge among coleopterists of the characters by which Bruchid genera and species may be distinguished. To be secured by publishing properly de- scribed and figured Bruchid species and genera.
Criticism of published Bruchid host-plant records, classify- ing them as erroneous, doubtful and certain.
Distribution into as many centers of entomological work as possible, extensive collections of authentically named Bruchi- dae from all parts of the world so that local workers may have a basis for their work safer than that formed by descriptions.
These tasks completed as they may be in a very few years by a properly supported and assisted specialist, future work in the family would be carried on by local workers and we might hope soon to know the Bruchid enemies we shall need to fight and how to fight them and if, as may be the case, there are Bruchid friends which will help us in fighting plant enemies.
Actual date of publication, February 21, 1929
VOL. 31 MARCH, 1929 No. 3
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
CONTENTS CAUDELL, A. N.—COCCONOTUS SCHUNKEI, NEW NAME (ORTHOPTERA:
TE LOLGONLID AR e>SEUDORHMEDINAB)|\aueyil oa eelqua s mray) 4). Oe: DYAR, HARRISON G.—A NEW MOSQUITO FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. . 61 DYAR, HARRISON G.—AMERICAN PSYCHODIDAE (DIPTERA) III. ...... 63 SCHAUS, W.—NEW SPECIES OF HETEROCERA (LEPIDOPTERA) FROM SOUTHERN
INCONEIT jg) SOs SRE e e OE ERCEEMCU CS, co) ROHWER, S. A.—A NOTE ON THE SYNONYMY OF A BIRCH LEAF MINER... 62
PusiisHeED MontHiy Except Jury, AuGust AND SEPTEMBER a BY THE Ow 5 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON / U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ‘ WASHINGTON, D. C. Ne
Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912.
Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918.
~ APR 1119
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL Society OF WASHINGTON VOL. ai MARCH, 1929 No. 3
NEW SPECIES OF HETEROCERA (LEPIDOPTERA) FROM SOUTHERN BRAZIL.
By W. Scuaus, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Mr. E. Dukinfield Jones of England and Glendale, Cali- fornia, has generously presented to the United States National Museum a collection of Heterocera made on his last trip to Brazil. Besides the new species now described, there were a number of others including the previously unknown female of Itambe fenestalis Rag.
AMATIDAE Cosmosoma nothina, new species.
Female.—Body above benzo brown; a pale orange yellow spot on collar externally, a white spot on shoulder; basal segment of abdomen with two white dorsal spots, subdorsal crimson spots, and a lateral white streak; subdorsal white spots on fourth and fifth segments, also lateral white lines. Body below fuscous; fore coxae cream white, and hind coxae with similar small spots; a lateral crimson spot below wings. Fore wing benzo brown; a medial trigonate hyaline spot in cell, and a larger spot below cell to submedian cut by the line on fold; a hyaline spot beyond cell cut by vein 6, extending somewhat between veins 6 and 5, below 5 reaching termen, but shorter below 4, not reaching vein 2 nor cell; a white streak at base of costa. Hind wing: a narrow postmedial hyaline fascia not reaching above vein 6, and below lower angle slightly inbent; inner margin crimson. Wings below similar.
Expanse 32 mm.
Habitat——Santa Catharina, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33529, U. S. N. M.
LITHOSIINAE Illice pacata, new species.
Male.—Head and thorax black slightly mottled with dark gray; a red point behind vertex; palpi grayish; throat flesh color. Abdomen eosine pink. Legs flesh color shaded with pale drab gray. Fore wing black irrorated with white especially on basal and terminal areas; a small eosine pink spot at end of cell; a short begonia rose streak at base of inner margin. Hind wing white suffused with La France pink on inner margin and shortly below median vein. Fore wing below drab gray. Hind wing below white faintly tinged with pink on inner margin; an oblong grayish patch on costa from beyond middle to apex.
Expanse 20 mm.
46 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 3, MAR., 1929
Habitat—Santa Catharina, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33530, U.S. N. M.
Described from 3 males.
Adoxosia nydiana, new species.
Male.—Body black. Fore wing greenish black, faintly glossy. Hind wing rather duller. Wings below olivaceous black. Expanse 22 mm.
Habitat——Santa Catharina, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33531. U.S. N M.
CLEMENDANA, new genus.
Male.—Antenna faintly pubescent. Palpi upturned, reaching well above head. Hind tibia with medial and terminal spurs. Fore wing: venation as in Clemensia. Hind wing with venation as in Clemensia but veins 6 and 7 barely stalked at base. Wings without any secondary characters.
Type.—Clemendantia pactfera.
Clemendana pacifera, new species.
Male.—Head, thorax, and fore wing dark drab; neck salmon pink. Abdo- men above and hind wing geranium pink. Thorax below smoke gray, the legs deep mouse gray partly streaked with smoke gray. Abdomen below light ochraceous salmon. Fore wing: white irrorations medially from within cell to inner margin; and some scattered white scales on terminal third; a small white spot at end of cell, and a postmedial white point above vein 1. Hind wing: termen narrowly black from apex diminishing towards anal angle. Wings below paler, the white spot at end of cell on fore wing present.
Expanse 26 mm.
Habitat—Santa Catharina, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33532, U. S. N. M.
Described from 3 males.
ARCTIINAE Neidalia dulcicula, new species.
Female.—Head, thorax and abdomen orange buff; abdomen with lateral black spots; anal hairs whitish. Fore wing pale ochraceous salmon; costal margin, termen narrowly, and cilia orange buff; a fine black line from before middle of subcostal inbent to inner margin; a broken line on discocellular and all the veins beyond middle of wing, except subcostal and those on costa, with fine black lines. Hind wing nearest grenadine pink, the cilia maize yellow. Wings below light orange yellow, the discs suffused with safrano pink; fore wing with black lines on veins 5, 6, and 7.
Expanse 35 mm,
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 3, MAR., 1929 47
Habitat-—Santa Catharina, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33533, U.S. N. M.
NOCTUIDAE Tripseuxoa deeringi, new species.
Male.—Body tilleul buff, the palpi below, the head and collar mottled with darker hairs; abdomen more whitish at base, otherwise dorsally irrorated with hair brown. Fore wing tilleul buff thinly irrorated with black scales; some small clusters of black scales at base, subbasally in cell, and antemedially on median and submedian veins; a black point as orbicular; two small black spots as reniform; a curved subterminal series of black points and a terminal series. Hind wing suffused with grayish olive, the costa and cilia white.
Female.—One specimen similar to the male, another more thickly irrorated with black, the spots faintly marked, a third specimen, larger, has the vein outlined with fuscous and probably belongs to Tripseuxoa strigata Hps.
Expanse: male 36 mm.; female 37 mm.
Habitat——Santa Catharina, Brazil.
Type.—Cat. No. 33534, U. S. N. M.
Named in honor of Mr. Charles Deering, who has been gen- erously interested in the museum collection.
Described from 7 specimens.
Porosagrotis carolia, new species.
Female.—Head and collar dusky drab, the front of collar paler shaded. Thorax dark vinaceous drab; a broad white streak on tegulae. Abdomen brownish drab with traces of dark segmental lines. Fore wing light vinaceous brown; costal margin to beyond middle pale grayish vinaceous with a black streak towards base; subcostal and median veins white from base to end of cell; an elongated black mark in cell forming an antemedial triangular streak, constricted just beyond middle of cell and forming beyond a quadrate spot edged above and on discocellular with buffish white; an antemedial white angled line below cell, defined by black and followed by the elongated black claviform; a warm blackish brown shade beyond cell limited by a dark wavy postmedial line, inbent from vein 3 to vein 1; veins on terminal space dark; traces of a brownish subterminal line; a dark terminal line. Hind wing drab, the veins darker; cilia white.
Expanse 38 mm.
Habitat.—Santa Catharina, Brazil. Type—Cat. Not 33535, U. S: N. M.
Chabuata araneosa, new species.
Male.—Head, collar, thorax, and basal tuft on abdomen dark mouse gray. Abdomen buffy brown. Tarsi with white rings. Fore wing light grayish
48 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 3, MAR., 1929
drab, the clearer spaces medially and terminally with scattered black scales, the markings black; a thick subbasal line not reaching inner margin; ante- medial line double, vertical, somewhat lunular; reniform with some pale scaling in lower half; postmedial line dentate outcurved around cell, followed by black spots partly connected and almost forming a curved line; a black and fuscous patch on costa above reniform, and a smaller triangular subterminal spot on costa from which a fine broken line extends to inner margin; a wavy terminal line with black spots on interspaces; cilia with some pinkish buff spots. Hind wing cinnamon drab becoming broadly darker on outer margin with a faint discal spot and darker postmedial line; cilia mostly white. Wings below whitish irrorated with drab; forewing with disc largely suffused with hair brown, a dark line on discocellular and a thick, almost vertical postmedial line. Hind wing with a well marked discal spot and postmedial line. Expanse: male 43 mm.; female 47 mm.
Habitat—Santa Catharina, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33538, U.S. N. M. Belongs to Sect. III A of Hampson.
Mictochroa caulea, new species.
Female.—Head whitish, probably green when fresh. Collar pale green edged in front with black. Thorax pale green; the tips of tegulae black, also black mottling on metathorax. Abdomen drab gray irrorated with black, the two basal segments whitish with dorsal black spots and scattered black scales. Fore wing lettuce green; some black scaling on base of costa and below cell; subbasal black scaling in cell and on inner margin; antemedial line whitish on costa with black marking on inner edge, below subcostal of ground color defined by double black lines, sinuous, and incurved on inner margin; space below cell to vein 1 and postmedial largely suffused with fuscous, crossed by a white line from median below the orbicular which is greenish white edged on either side by a black line; middle of cell fuscous not reaching subcostal, end of cell lettuce green and white; double medial, postmedial, and subterminal black spots on costa; from upper angle of cell a black incurved line along disco- cellular, then inbent to inner margin forming with the postmedial a fuscous fascia mottled with dark green, the postmedial being outcurved beyond cell, then wavily inbent to inner margin, a short black line from costa beyond and fine small black spots beyond the fascia; a triangular subterminal black patch between veins 4 and 7, and smaller spots above vein 3 and at fold; marginal black spots; two black lines on cilia at base, the cilia otherwise fuscous with whitish patches. Hind wing finely striated with light drab; the costa broadly white to near termen. Fore wing below aeneous dusky drab. Hind wing below white irrorated with deep purplish vinaceous, especially on terminal space towards apex; a dark discal point and medial line; a terminal fuscous line.
Expanse 24 mm.
Habitat—Santa Catharina, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33556, U. S. N. M.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 3, MAR., 1929 49
BOALDA, new genus.
Male.—Proboscis small; palpi upturned reaching vertex, the second joint long, well fringed in front, the third joint short, porrect; frons smooth; eyes large, round; antennae with short stiff pectinations. Thorax smooth, clothed with coarse hairs and scales; abdomen with dorsal tuft on basal segment; legs not hairy; hind tibia with two pairs of spurs. Fore wing: costa straight; termen nearly straight to vein 3, then slightly inbent; vein 2 well beyond middle of cell; 3 and 4 apart from lower angle; 5 above lower angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from areole; 11 from cell. Hind wing: 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 obsolescent from middle of discocellular; 6 and 7 stalked; 8 anastomosing with the cell near base only.
Type.—Boalda gyona Schs.
Boalda gyona, new species.
Male.—Head, collar, and thorax mottled white and light russet vinaceous; the collar edged behind with fuscous black. Abdomen white, the segments irrorated on anterior half with light russet vinaceous. Fore wing cinnamon brown, the markings mostly white; a subbasal broad line incurved from costa to base of vein 1, defined inwardly by a black line; medial space defined by an antemedial black line incurved from subcostal in cell and oblique to inner margin with a white streak above it on costa, and followed in cell by a U-shaped line partly irrorated with russet vinaceous, the outer branch of the U down- turned on outer anterior edge of a narrow russet vinaceous reniform; oblique white streaks on costa above reniform; outwardly the medial space is defined by a white line, inwardly edged with black, wavy, slightly outbent from areole, rounded at vein 4, well incurved below vein 3, partly divided from vein 3 to inner margin by a fine ochraceous tawny line; between veins 5 and 6 the post- medial is connected with the subterminal by a white patch; subterminal line straight from costa to vein 6, incurved from 6 to 4, inangled between 4 and 3, incurved from 3 to tornus, all the veins beyond line white extending to tip of cilia. Hind wing white; a fine russet vinaceous terminal line.
Expanse 25 mm.
Habitat——Santa Catharina, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33557, U.S. N. M.
Sotigena solivaga, new species.
Male.—Body fuscous; anal hairs white. Fore wing: basal half and costal margin pale brownish drab sparsely irrorated with brown, the outer portion from termen at apex to middle of inner margin benzo brown; a fuscous streak along median; a fine antemedial russet vinaceous line very oblique from costa to near vein | near middle, then incurved and mottled with white scales; post- medial line outbent to beyond cell, then incurved to inner margin near ante- medial line; a black antemedial point in cell, and one at discocellular; a wavy subterminal series of black and white points on veins; terminal short white streaks on veifis; cilia yellowish. Hind wing and underside hair brown.
Female.—F¥ore wing: basal and costal areas light vinaceous fawn and similar mottling above tornus; the transverse lines chestnut brown.
Expanse 34 mm.
50 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 3, MAR., 1929
Habitat—Santa Catharina, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33539, U. S. N. M.
GEOMETRIDAE Fulgurodes lilianae, new species.
Male.—Antenna black. Head mottled black and white. Thorax black, the tegulae with white patches; metathorax white. Abdomen grayish white with fine dark segmental lines. Fore wing white, the markings black; a fine subbasal line from costa outbent along vein 1, followed on costa by an elongated patch; a diffuse antemedial fuscous shade from subcostal to vein 1, indentate in cell and on fold, and outwardly parallel with medial line which consists of a thick line from a patch on costa, crenulate, slightly projecting at median and vein 2, then incurved and outangled at vein 1; reniform large, narrower in front, containing a large patch. of similar shape; an elongated patch on costa above reniform; postmedial line thick, outcurved and dentate; subtermi- nal line deeply dentate; termen black, its inner edge parallel with subterminal. Hind wing white, the veins and a streak in cell hair brown, a narrow spot at discocellular, its inner edge curved filled in with light drab; postmedial line drab, lunular dentate; subterminal line more deeply dentate; termen as on fore wing. Wings below largely suffused with drab, paler on interspaces before postmedial line; ‘veins hair brown; postmedial line followed by white spots on interspaces; a lunular submarginal white line. Fore wing: a white spot at upper end of cell and white streaks above and below vein 7.
Expanse 60 mm.
Habitat—Lages, Santa Catharina, Brazil.
Type.—Cat. No. 33551, U.S. N. M.
Named in honor of Mrs. S. (Lilian) Prentiss Baldwin.
Specimens occur in both sexes with the white portion suf- fused with drab, especially on fore wing. One male has the fore wing so completely suffused with fuscous that only the black postmedial line is defined and is followed on costa by a small white spot; the hind wing is irrorated with hair brown, very thickly on terminal space; the discal spot is larger in out- line, the postmedial line well defined. For this well-marked form I suggest the name of Fu/gurodes baldwini in honor of Mr. S. Prentiss Baldwin. ;
Type.—Cat.. No. 33552, U.S. N. M.
Catophaenissa jonesaria, new species.
Female.—Palpi and head mottled white and fuscous with more white on vertex. Collar and thorax mostly isabella color, possibly greener when caught, the tegulae with some white scales. Abdomen fuscous blaék. Legs dark mouse gray with white rings. Fore wing from base to postmedial line chiefly light brownish olive; some grayish olive at base of inner margin; a white spot at base of vein 1 and median; antemedial line black inwardly edged with white
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 3, MAR., 1929 ail
outcurved in cell, from median to vein 1, and on inner margin; medial area with scattered black scales, and a black fascia, outbent from costa to lower angle of cell, then narrower, crenulate and incurved to inner margin; post- medial line fine, black, obliquely incurved to vein 4 broadly edged distad with white, below vein 4 crenulate on interspaces, slightly inbent below vein 3 followed by white with numerous black and light brownish olive striae, these striae also occurring from costa, but more remote from postmedial line; a broken subterminal white line preceded by a rather broad black space from costa to vein 4, also followed by brownish olive and black striae from costa to vein 4; some white scales at apex; some light brownish olive on termen from vein 4 to vein 2, the termen below vein 2 partly white, all with black striae; cilia with white spots on interspaces. Hind wing black; cilia white with black scaling at veins. Fore wing below deep mouse gray with some white scaling along subcostal, at apex and narrowly along termen; a broad black, oblique fascia from middle of costa to inner margin at postmedial, this line black de- fined by some white scaling and a broad white fascia from costa to vein4. Hind wing below dark grayish olive irrorated with black scales, and slightly mottled with white on basal half to anal angle and partly on termen. Expanse 48 mm.
Habitat——Santa Catharina, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33542, U. S. N. M.
I take pleasure in naming this fine species in honor of Mr.
BE; WW Jones:
Nipteria petrova, new species.
Male.—Body and wings clear light drab, the space beyond postmedial line slightly paler. Fore wing: a fine darker transverse line from costa at 8 mm. from base, almost vertical; postmedial line straight, deep brownish drab at 5 mm. from apex of costa to 6 mm. from tip of inner margin; a slight dark line on discocellular. Hind wing: a postmedial faintly curved line at two- thirds from base. On both wings the postmedial is slightly paler edged out- wardly. Wings below slightly darker from base to postmedial line.
Expanse 45-48 mm.
Habitat—Santa Catharina, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33543, U.S. N. M.
Two males in collection.
Eudule allegra, new species.
Male—Body above salmon orange. Palpi white in front; antenna black. Thorax below pinkish cinnamon; venter pinkish buff; anal segment and tufts black; a faint black dorsal line terminally. Fore wing salmon orange; costal edge and cilia on termen black; subcostal, median and submedian veins black except at base; veins 2, 3, 4 and 6 black more finely at termen. Hind wing orange chrome; termen at apex and cilia black. Fore wing below with apex black; no black on veins. Hind wing below as above.
Expanse 24 mm.
52 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 3, MAR., 1929
Habitat——Santa Catharina, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33536, U. S. N. M. Described from 2 males and 2 females.
Eudule sororcula, new species.
Male.—Body and wings English red; a black dorsal line from collar to black anal segment. Abdomen below pale olive gray. Fore wing: costal edge, termen narrowly and cilia black; veins more heavily black than in E. allegra Schs., but no black on vein 6; an oblique black line from upper angle of cell to vein 4 near termen. Hind wing with termen narrowly, at apex rather wider, and cilia black. Fore wing below with veins, apex broadly and termen from below vein 4 narrowly black.
Expanse 21 mm.
Habitat.——Santa Catharina, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33537, U.S. N. M.
A male and a female in collection.
Eudule nanora, new species.
Male.—Head, body, and wings capucine orange; antenna and tarsi black. Fore wing: costal edge from middle to apex finely black; cilia black from apex to vein 3, then only faintly tipped with black.
Expanse 26 mm.
Habitat—Santa Catharina, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33548, U. S. N. M.
Eucymatoge perfica, new species.
Female.—Palpi grayish. Head white. Thorax black, the tegulae white edged with black dorsally. Abdomen white with dorsal black markings. Fore wing white, the markings black; an elongated spot from base of costa with a fine line to inner margin, followed by a smaller costal spot, then by a broad fascia slightly outcurved, its outer edge irregular, its central portion partly grayish or white; a fine wavy medial line followed by a postmedial fascia from costa to near vein 4, continued by two fine lines from either edge, more heavily defined from vein 2 to inner margin; a large subterminal patch from costa to vein 6 with a fine line from it to inner margin, followed by black spots from below vein 6 to vein 4 and from below vein 3 to inner margin; ter- men partly fuscous; cilia white with black spots. Hind wing light cinnamon drab, with traces of the lines of underside; a terminal black line; cilia white with black streaks at veins. Fore wing below largely suffused with light brownish drab with only traces of the white. Hind wing below whitish with hair brown subbasal, antemedial, double medial and postmedial lines; termen rather broadly dark.
Male—F¥ore wing similar to the female. Hind wing almost white with traces of the lines.
Expanse: male 25 mm.; female 28 mm.
9
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 3, MAR., 1929 53
Habitat——Santa Catharina, Brazil. Also a specimen received from Rio de Janeiro without precise locality.
Three males and three females in collection.
Type.—Cat. No. 33540, U. S. N. M.
A female is made type owing to its clearer markings.
Eucymatoge segnis, new species.
Female.—Head white. Thorax white irrorated with gray. Abdomen: base white, the second segment edged behind by a black line and then army brown; following segments grayish white with dorsal black spots. Fore wing: base broadly pale olive gray crossed by a fine inbent subbasal black line from a small spot on costa, followed by a drab gray fascia partly irrorated with white, inwardly edged by a distinct black line, slightly inbent, and outwardly by a fainter black vertical line; outer half of wing light drab partly irrorated with white, chiefly along costal third; a broken fuscous line from costa along disco- cellular; a postmedial fuscous black line outbent on costa and down turned from vein 6 to vein 4, inwardly shaded with fuscous, below vein 4 very faint, lunular, inbent, from costa to vein 4 outwardly edged with white and followed by a faint dark lunular line; traces of a subterminal whitish line; a fine dark terminal line; cilia mostly pale drab gray. Hind wing pale drab gray, the costa whitish; traces of lines on inner margin; a terminal dark line; cilia mouse gray. Wings below mostly drab gray; black streaks on discocellular; a distinct postmedial line; other lines on hind wing faint.
Expanse 26 mm.
Habitat—Santa Catharina, Brazil. Type—Cat. No. 33541, U.S. N. M. This species is allied to E. (Perizoma) infimbriata Dogn.
NARQUENA, new genus.
Male.—Antenna minutely serrate. Palpi short, upturned, barely reaching frons. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs. Fore wing broad; costa convex; apex acute; termen slightly rounded; vein 2 well before angle of cell; 3 near angle; 4 from angle; 5 well above middle of discocellular; 6 from below angle; 7, 8, 9 stalked; 10 absent; 11 suffusing with 12. Hind wing: costa nearly straight, termen rounded, vein 2 well before angle; 3 close to angle; 4 from angle; 5 well above middle of discocellular; 6 and 7 stalked; 8 close to cell for half its length.
Type.—Narquena resalaria. This genus belongs to the Hemitheinae.
Narquena resalaria, new species.
Male.—Head and thorax avellaneous, a white band across vertex. Abdo- men light buff. Fore wing pale ochraceous buff; costal edge white; the two lines fine, hair brown consisting of lunules on interspaces; antemedial line slightly outcurved from subcostal to inner margin; outer line from costa near apex to middle of inner margin; a dark point at discocellular; cilia army brown.
54 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 3, MAR., 1929
Hind wing white. Wings below whitish; discal points on both wings. Fore wing: costal margin vinaceous fawn; outer line faint. Hind wing: traces of a broken subterminal line; dark terminal points on interspaces.
Expanse 20 mm.
Habitat—Santa Catharina, Brazil. Ty pe—Cat. No. 33550, U.S:.N. M.
Anisodes vuha, new species.
Female.—Head and body above colonial buff, underneath and legs whitish. Wings above cream buff. Fore wing: a fuscous antemedial line, outbent on costa, outcurved in cell, also from cell to vein 1, faint on inner margin; space from antemedial to beyond cell and from subcostal to vein 1 suffused with mikado brown and fuscous, the latter forming a thick line from costa to inner margin; the veins to postmedial line partly crossed by mikado brown striae; postmedial line fine, lunular and outcurved from costa with some black points on veins. Hind wing: a fine wavily outcurved subbasal line followed from within cell to inner margin by a large patch as on fore wing, the darker medial line reaching costa; postmedial line as on fore wing; cilia on both wings faintly reddish. Wings below whitish, the dark patches visible in transparency; postmedial line distinct somewhat lunular dentate.
Expanse 25 mm.
Habitat—Santa Catharina, Brazil.
Type.—Cat. No. 33549, U.S. N. M.
This species bears a strong resemblance to some of the species of Semaeopus.
NOTODONTIDAE. Rifargia mildora, new species.
Female.—Head and thorax benzo brown. Abdomen above drab, underneath light cinnamon drab. Fore wing brownish buff; lines on costa black, the subbasal, antemedial, medial, and postmedial double; a double subbasal line not reaching inner margin; a broad antemedial fuscous suffusion outbent to below cell; a similar narrower medial suffusion outbent to below reniform which is outlined in black and filled in with cinnamon buff; postmedial line outangled at vein 7, then fine, black, crenulate and wavy, closely followed by a diffuse black line narrowest between veins 4 and 6; a pale buffish subterminal line, slightly sinuous with a few white scales on it at veins 2 and 1, and followed on interspaces by short black streaks, ending on termen in faint pale lunules and black points. Cilia fuscous with buffish spots. Hind wing: base buffish to buffy brown, the outer half benzo brown; cilia light buff; a small black and white spot above anal angle. Wings below dull brownish drab, the termen narrowly, and cilia warm buff; a wavy dark terminal line more noticeable on fore wing.
Expanse 48 mm.
Habitat—Santa Catharina, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33553, U. S. N. M.
Comes nearest R. docra Schs..
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 3, MAR., 1929 55
MEGALOPYGIDAE. Microrape shilluca, new species.
Male.—Antenna with shaft white, the pectinations light buff. Body white; fore legs light drab. Wings white somewhat silvery and rather thinly scaled. Expanse 22 mm.
Habitat——Santa Catharina, Brazil.
Type—Cat. No. 33555, U.S. N. M.
Male genitalia Strikingly different from those of any other species in the genus Sacculus of divided harpe ventrally placed, almost as broad as long; apex sharply hooked; similar in general shape to the sacculus of Norape tosca Hopp. (Comp. Hopp’s fig. 176, in Mitteilungen Aus den Zoolog. Mus. Berlin, Band 13, Heft. 2, 1917, p. 327.)- Costal element of harpe slender, smooth, very slightly longer than sacculus. Uncus covered with hair-like spines; dorsally flattened, about one- third as broad as long, from middle to apex triangular and sharply tapering; from base to middle with sides nearly parallel. Aedoeagus moderately long, evenly tapering and with apex sharply curved, smooth; cornuti absent. (C. Heinrich.)
Sulychra mataca, new species.
Male.—Antenna with shaft white, the pectinations light ochraceous buff Body white; palpi and throat black; fore and hind legs mostly mouse gray. Wings white, the costal edge of fore wing black.
Expanse 25 mm.
Habitat——Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Type—Cat. No. 33554, U.S. N. M.
Male genitalia——Similar to those of S. argentea Butl. as figured by Hopp except: costal element of harpe bulged and broader toward base; from basal fourth to apex slender and of even width. Cornuti a cluster of very short, broad, flat, triangular spines, evenly distributed and filling the aedoeagus.
(C. Heinrich.)
HEPIALIDAE. Aepytus helga, new species.
Female.—Body and fore wings apricot buff, the latter with very faint darker annuli and lines on terminal third and along inner margin. Hind wing salmon buff, the termen apricot buff; a broad subterminal series of grayish olive lines along veins partly connected by similar shading. Wings below dusky vinaceous fawn, the termen cinnamon buff.
Expanse 57 mm.
Habitat—Santa Catharina, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33544, U.S. N. M.
56 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 3, MAR., 1929
Aepytus munona, new species.
Male.—Head and thorax cinnamon buff, the abdomen faintly paler. Fore wing ochraceous buff becoming paler at termen; costal edge dark brownish drab; small brownish drab spots along costal margin, not entering cell, a few spots on inner margin and faint terminal points on interspaces; a slight darker shade from base below cell to middle of inner margin, the space below it pinkish buff. Hind wing pale orange yellow. Wings below duller, the costa of fore wing suffused with drab gray.
Expanse 35 mm.
Habitat—Santa Catharina, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33545, U.S. N. M.
Aepytus verresi, new species.
Male.—Antenna with shaft white, the pectinations pale drab gray. Head, thorax and terminal half of abdomen dorsally hair brown; base of abdomen above light cinnamon drab. Fore wing largely drab gray; costal margin darker, the edge fuscous, with a medial, postmedial, and more remote white spot; an antemedial oblique semilunar silver spot in cell edged with mars brown; a triangular mars brown spot at end of cell crossed by an oblique silver line which follows its lower edge, is inbent and interrupted at median vein with a yellow ocher patch below it in extra cell; postmedial space broadly pale drab gray limited by a fine dark outer line parallel with termen; a broad white space from line to termen from vein 5 to above vein 6; terminal white lunules at tornus edged above with mars brown. Hind wing drab partly suffused with cinnamon drab.
Expanse 35 mm.
Habitat—Santa Catharina, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33546, U.S. N. M.
Comes nearest 4epytus oreas Schs.
PYRALIDAE. CRAMBINAE.
Erupa nampa, new species.
Female.—Head and thorax cinnamon drab, the abdomen silky brownish vinaceous. Fore wing purplish cinnamon drab faintly irrorated with darker scales; a small dark medial spot in cell at subcostal vein; a slight dark shade on discocellular and a fine fuscous line from it to middle of inner margin; a remote postmedial series of black points on veins followed by a series of small angled spots on interspaces; cilia tipped with fuscous. Hind wing silky light pinkish cinnamon.
Expanse 45 mm.
Habitat—Santa Catharina, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33547, U.S. N. M.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31
PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. dl PLATE 4
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 3, MAR., 1929 61
PrArEes Pamemtile 1. Cosmosoma nothina. 16. Porosagrotis carolia. 2. Eudule sororcula. 17. Mictochroa caulea. 3. Clemendana pacifera. 18. Eucymatoge segnis. 4. Eudule nemora. 19. Narquena resalaria. 5. Microrape shilluca. 20. Rifargia mildora. 6. Nipteria petrova. 21. Aepytus munona. 7. Catophaenissa jonesaria. 22. Aepytus helga. 8. Fulgurodes lilianae. 23. Aepytus verrest. 9. Fulgurodes baldwini. 24. Chabuata araneosa. 10. Sotigena solivaga. 25. Erupa nampa. 11. Neidalia dulcicula. 26. Tripseuxoa deeringi. 12. Eudule allegra. 27. Boalda gyona.
Yw Nome)
13. Tice pacata. 14. Adoxosia nydiana: 15. Sulychra mataca,
. Eucymatoge perfica. 29. Antsodes vuha.
A NEW MOSQUITO FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. By Harrison G. Dyar. Rachionotomyia microcala Dyar, new species.
Female.—Palpi very short, dark. Proboscis long, curved, not as long as the abdomen, black. Occiput with broad grayish black scales and a continu- ous white border behind the eyes, narrow above, broader ventrally. Prothoracic lobes with broad gray-white scales; mesonotum with rather broad curved scales, dark gray with a slaty cast. Pleurae grayish-white scaled. Postnotum with a patch of very fine, rather long hairs posteriorly, not at all bristle-shaped. Abdomen slaty black above, venter and straight continuous lateral line, as well as the top of the last segment grayish white scaled, the lateral white slightly notching the dark at the segmental incisures. Legs black, the femora white- lined below. Wing-scales narrow, dark. Length without the proboscis about 4 mm., being a rather large species.
Male.—Coloration of the female. The palpi are broken in the single speci- men of this sex. Hypopygium: General structure as in Rachionotomyia powelli Ludl. Side piece short, stout, blunt, simple, the hairs on the inner side toward base fine and short. Clasper with enlarged base, slender, long, curved, the tip distinctly inflated and with a short subterminal point. Tenth sternites forming a small central cone. Ninth tergites conical, as in 4édes, each with long dense bristly setae.
Type, &, Cat. No. 41861, U. S. N. M.
Allotype, 9, Cat. No. 41861, U. S. N. M.
Paratynes, 24 o.. Cat. No. 4136), Us S. Noi M.
One male, three females, raised from larvae from a Pitcher Plant from the Bamban River, Pampanga, Luzon, Philippine Islands, by Captain F. O. Stone, Medical Corps, U. S. Army, December, 1927.
62 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 3, MAR., 1929
The comparatively short proboscis is uncharacteristic of Rachionotomyia, as well as the absence of the usual brilliant coloration. Prothoracic lobes with irregularly distributed setae; two proepimeral setae; two fine spiracular setae; sterno- pleura bare and darkly colored except its posterior third, which has dense scales and setae, but no setae above this area; two prealar setae.
Perhaps allied to the Australian Rachisoura sylvestris Theo- bald; but the wing-scales are all hair-like, not rather broad as in Theobald’s figure of sy/veséris.
A NOTE ON THE SYNONYMY OF A BIRCH LEAF MINER.
By S. A. Rouwer, Plant Quarantine and Control Administration, Washington, D. C.
Within the last few years a species of sawfly has been attract- ing considerable attention by the mining of leaves of birches in parts of Maine and of Canada. The species responsible for the damage belongs to a genus not native to the American continent, although adults of it were described in 1909 by Dr. MacGillivray as a new genus and species, Ph/lebatrophia mathesoni. An examination of the series of American speci- mens of the birch leaf miner in the collection of the National Museum and a comparison with European material and litera- ture convince me that the species described by MacGillivray is, as he suggests, the same as the European form, Phy//lotoma nemorata (Fallén). The Museum collection contains adults of this leaf miner from New Glasgow, Nova Scotia (paratypes), and from Fredericton, New Brunswick, and Bar Harbor, Maine. These specimens vary some in color and some of them differ in minor details of color and venation from the paratypes of MacGillivray’s species. The variation in color is not greater than that recorded for zemorata by such writers as Cameron, Morice and Enslin, and the variation in venation is of a type which would be expected in species of the genus Phyl/otoma.
In describing the species, Dr. MacGillivray placed it in a new genus, PA/lebatrophia, which he differentiated from Phyl lotoma Fallén largely because the base of the radial sector was atrophied. While this character exists in his specimens and is more or less distinct in all of the other specimens before me, I do not believe it is of generic importance. An exami- nation of other species of the genus Phy//lotoma from Europe indicates that they could not be satisfactorily separated into two genera by means of this character alone. There are a few structural differences between the genotype of PA/leba- trophia and vagans (Fallén), the genotype of Phy/lotoma, but these differences are not, in my opinion, of sufficient import-
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 3, MAR., 1929 63
ance to justify recognition of two genera. I believe that Phlebatrophia MacGillivray should be considered a direct synonym of Phyllotoma Fallen.
Omitting the numerous references to the European literature and the synonymy as it has been determined in Europe and published by Enslin and others, the following references apply to the American form:
Phyllotoma nemorata (Fallén).
Hylotoma nemorata FauLEN, Svensk. Vet-Akad. Handl., vol. 29, 1808, p. 47, ia, PS
Phyllotoma nemoralis FatteN, Monogr. Tenthred. Suec., 1829, p. 35, n. 18.
Phyllotoma nemorata (FAtLEN) Enslin, Deutsch. Ent. Zeit., 1914, Beiheft, pp. 257-258.
Phlebatrophia mathesoni MacGi.uivray, Can. Ent., vol. 41, 1909, p. 345.
Cameron, Enslin, and others have commented that the male of this species is not known. All of the American specimens before me are females.
AMERICAN PSYCHODIDAE (DIPTERA) III.! By Harrison G. Dyar. Pericoma signata (Banks).
Psychoda signata Banks, Can. Ent., xxxiii, 274, 1901. Pericoma megantica Curran, Can. Ent., lvi, 217, 1924.
Specimens before me from the vicinity of Washington, D. C.., do not agree well with Banks’s description, although determined under this name. It is possible that his specimens were in indifferent condition, as is too often the case with captured Psychodidae. I have also a specimen of megantica, determined by Dr. Curran. The species is in general similar to Pericoma americana Kinkaid (=interrupta Banks = satellitia Dyar) and was found by me in the same location, although on a different date. It is easily distinguished in good specimens by the two raised black tufts on the disk of the wing, the row of whitish patches between the veins along the outer margin, and the three last black joints of the tarsi. Adults were found flying on a large moist rock in dense woods.
The antennae of the two sexes are much alike (Figs. 1 and 2), 17-jointed, the last joint forming a thick “‘spike,’’ the second or spherical joint larger in the male than in the female. The upper pair of claspers of the male hypopygium terminate in four, five or even six appendages (Fig. 3); the aedoeagus stem is slender, widening into a sheath-like tip (Fig. 4).
Localities before me are: Niagara Glen, Ontario, June 1,
1Dr. Dyar died January 21, 1929,
64 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 3, MAR., 1929
1926 (G. S. Walley); Franconia, New Hampshire (Mrs. A. T. Slosson); Marlboro, Maryland, May 13 (H. S. Barber); Plum- mers Island, Maryland, September and October, 1905 (Barber & Schwarz); Cabin John, Maryland, September 18, 1927 (H. G. Dyar); Pimmit Run, Virginia, September 26, 1913 (F. Knab).
Psychoda helicis, new species.
Specimens preserved in alcohol and practically denuded; darkly colored, the wing membrane dusky, apparently sparsely covered with dark gray hairs without tufts or markings; a thick tuft at base of wing below. The antennae are 16-jointed in both sexes, the last three joints small and spherical, those of the male (Fig. 5) with larger joints and longer necks than those of the female (Fig. 6). The female abdomen is bluntly ended without trace of ovipositor apparent. Male hypopygium (Fig. 7) with the upper claspers arising from a large excavated plate, finely hairy, with two long conspicuously inserted fila- ments at tip. Lower claspers reduced, the basal joint setose on one side and tip only; second joint cleaver-shaped, flat, with reduced setae on one margin. The legs are dark with small whitish rings at the apices of the tarsal joints.
Type, male, No. 41,186, U. S. Nat. Mus.; paratypes, males and females, 17 mounted on slides, 5 dry on card-points, Central Jaroni, Cuba, September 26, 1927, reared from snails (H. K. Plank, through W. A. Orton, Director of the Tropical Plant Research Foundation).
No pupae or larvae of this Psychodid were sent, but in the same bottle were many larvae and pupae, together with two adults (winged males) of a Phorid, which Mr. C. T. Greene has determined as Puliciphora borinquensis Wheeler. Mr. Greene says that the Phorid breeds in dead and decaying snails, which is probably true of the Psychodid also. The Psychodid apparently develops faster than the Phorid, since only adults of the former were sent, and of the latter mostly larvae and pupae.
COCCONOTUS SCHUNKEI, NEW NAME (ORTHOPTERA: TETTI- GONIIDAE: PSEUDOPHYLLINAE).
By A. N. CaupeE tt.
The Cocconotus similis described by the author! from Peru is found to be a prime homonym of the previously described Cocconotus similis of Giglio-Tos,? a species from Ecuador now referred to the genus Acanthodiphrus. A new name being required for Cocconotus similis Caudell, the specific name schunkei is here proposed for that purpose.
1Ins. Insc. Mens., vol. vi, p. 39 (1918). 2Boll. Mus. Torino, vol. xiii, No. 311, pp. 97, 98 (1898).
Actual date of publication, April 9, 1929
¢
VOL. 31 APRIL, 1929 No. 4
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
EKNTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
CONTENTS
CLAUSEN, CURTIS P.—BIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON POECILOGONALOS THWAITESII (WEsTW.), PARASITIC IN THE COCOONS OF HENICOSPILUS (HYMEN.:
LGC IN IAAT) See eRe CG go) EA a et. Se ap ae en ne Gis JOHANSSEN, O. A.—A NEW SCIARID FROM LURAY CAVERN, VIRGINIA (DIP- BER EMRORTORREUTDAE)) Go ha cs) ci Sn fete +. vel ba eo. eee (OS ROHWER, S. A.—A NEW SPECIES OF TRIGONALID OF THE GENUS POECILO- CONAUO San Te een a SN oR, yal ot ol eon | Meee ee eR OS SNYDER, THOS. E.—NEW TERMITES FROM THE ANTILLES AND MIDDLE PSVIETRGACM Es Wot Manne REY. area ho ey cae Ree) i pee
Pus.isHeD MontruHiy Excepr Jury, AuGust AND SEPTEMBER > BY THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C.
Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, atthe Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24) 1912.
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- THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
OrcanizeD Marcu 12, 1884.
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Honorary Prestdent .. .a0s 2% 1S ee eee President Ge 248 2. sR OS OR Porst¥1cesPresident.. .. 203 aes Sn ee Second VicesPresident 2 .(.0. 14 2%. 2 44D. ee Recording Secretary =. 0s ams 6% 4 ES ee ee ee Corresponding Secreiary-Treasurer < . .-. 2%... .. . 8. A ROMWEE U.S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. | TTT) a AR te RS - = so 5, Wo RS WATIRORS
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A NEW SPECIES OF TRIGONALID OF THE GENUS POECILOGONALOS.
By S. A. Rouwer, Bureau of Entomology.
Mr. C. P. Clausen has made some very interesting observa- tions on two species of the genus Poecilogonalos. One of these forms appears to be new and the following description is pre- sented so the observations on its habits may be recorded under a name.
/
Poecilogonalos henicospili, new species.
Allied to Poecilogonalos mimus Cockerell and P. fulvoscutellata Ayyar but differs from both of these forms in having the scutellum largely black. From mimus it also differs in the tridentate mandibles.
Female.—Length 8 mm. Mandibles tridentate, teeth large; clypeus feebly and sparsely punctured, the anterior margin with a shallow, arcuate median emargination; frons with close distinct punctures; vertex and orbits shining, with distinct well separated punctures; scutum and scutellum closely and rather coarsely reticulato-granular; punctures on second tergite close, sometimes con- fluent. Castaneous with yellow and black markings; antennae castaneous; mandibles (except apices), two large, nearly confluent spots on clypeus, spot at base of each antenna, inner orbits, narrower near top of eye, a diagonal mark from inner orbital spot to near lateral ocellus, triangular spot below anterior ocellus, lateral posterior margin of pronotum, sides of prescutum, spot on side of scutellum, three nearly confluent spots on metanotum, two large ovate spots on propodeum, apical margin of first tergite, apical margin of second ter- gite (narrowing and slightly interrupted medianly), large spots on lateral margin of fourth and following tergites, apical margin of first and second sternites, and spots above mid and hind coxae yel/ow or yellowish; legs yellowish, a brownish spot on anterior face of hind coxa, dorsal margin of femora more or Jess blackish, tibiae suffused with brownish apically; prosternum, mesosternum, sides and median line on propodeum, and base of second tergite and sternite blackish. Wings subhyaline, the usual dusky spot covering the second and third cubitals and apical part of radial cells. Head and thorax with white hair.
Male—Length 7 mm. Yellow markings similar to those of female but the castaneous color is replaced almost entirely by black. The apical margin of third tergite is castaneous. The second sternite is flat, not convex as in female.
66 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 4, APR., 1929
Type locality —Jorhat, Assam.
Type, allotype and paratypes.—Cat. No. 40978 U. S. N. M.
Described from four specimens, type, allotype, and two paratypes, reared by C. P. Clausen from cocoons of Henicos- pilus rufus Tosq. in March, 1927, and recorded under Clausen No. 2084.
Poecilogonalos thwaitesii (Westwood).
Schulz, 1907, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 61, p. 9, uses the name pulchella Westwood for this species but it seems desirable to adhere to the principle “Once a homonym, always a hom- onym,” and use the new name suggested by Westwood in 1874.
A good series of specimens which agree very well with West- wood’s description were secured by C. P. Clausen at Jorhat, Assam. These specimens have the castaneous replaced by black and show some variation in the extent of the yellow markings. In one female the yellow on the head is unusually extensive.\ Two specimens have the second recurrent wanting or only faintly indicated. There is some variation in the closeness of the punctures on the frons.
Poecilogonalos mimus Cockerell.
Poecilogonalos mimus Cockerell, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 20, no. 7, 1920, p. +8t- Issued October 30, 1920. 1G{
Professor Cockerell requested that his type of P. mimus be compared with the original description of P. fulvoscutellata Ayyar. The type of Cockerell’s species agrees very closely with Ayyar’s description for P. fulvoscutellata and at first it seemed that the two were synonymous. The mandibles of mimus are quadridentate while Ayyar described his species as having tridentate mandibles.
The number of the Records of the Indian Museum! con- taining Ayyar’s paper was not received in Washington until after Professor Cockerell’s paper was published but it is pre- sumed that it was issued prior to the October number of the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington.
‘Records Indian Mus., vol. 16, pt. 7, Dec. 1919, p. 471. Received Washing- ton, November 29, 1920.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 4, APR., 1929 67
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON POECILOGONALOS THWAITESII (WESTW.), PARASITIC IN THE COCOONS OF HENICOS- PILUS (HYMEN: TRIGONALIDAE).!
By Curtis P. CLausen, Entomologist, United States Department of Agriculture.
In July, 1921, Mr. Cho Teranishi, then assistant in the in- vestigations upon the parasites of Popillia japonica in Japan, observed a female Trigonalid in the act of oviposition upon the foliage of bamboo at Sapporo, Hokkaido. This female was captured and placed in a breeding cage for observation. Several thousand eggs were laid upon the foliage provided, and always upon the under surface, a short distance from the margin. This peculiar habit of oviposition was of exceptional interest, as the only other hymenopterous groups known to have a similar habit were the Perilampidae (Perilampus), which oviposit on the leaf in the vicinity of the host, and the Euchari- dae (Schizaspidia) which deposit the eggs en masse within the buds of trees. In both of these cases the planidia make their way to the host after hatching.
A search was made for additional material, and in the follow- ing September the writer secured a series of six females at Jozankai, about twenty miles from Sapporo. These were found along a shaded forest path, and were depositing their eggs exclusively upon the foliage of clover. Some eggs were later secured in cages, but these, as well as the lot secured by Mr. Teranishi, failed to hatch. The following season a search was made for further material, but without success, and no additional progress could be made at that time in the study of this most interesting group of parasites.
During 1925 the writer had occasion to visit the Indian Tea Planters Experiment Station at Tocklai, near Jorhat, Assam, India, and in the insect collection at that station a number of specimens of a Trigonalid were observed, with the cocoons from which they had emerged. Mr. E. A. Andrews, ento- mologist of the station, stated that these cocoons had been secured from the soil when the tea gardens were hoed during the winter. At this time the coolies employed in such work were usually instructed to collect all insect cocoons, pupae and larvae encountered, and these were either set aside for parasite emergence or destroyed. Through the courtesy of Mr. An- drews the writer was enabled to make extensive collections of cocoons during the following two seasons.
In February, 1926, a series of 28 cocoons were secured, and from them emerged late in April and early in May two males and five females of the Trigonalid found in the Tocklai col- lection. Specimens submitted to Mr. S. A. Rohwer have been
1Contribution No. 45, fapanese Beetle Laboratory, Moorestown, N. 7.
68 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 4, APR., 1929
determined as Poecilogonalos thwaitesii (Westw.). Examina- tion of the cocoons from which these adults emerged showed conclusively that the species was a secondary parasite, and the further rearings established the fact that the cocoons were those of Henicospilus rufus Tosq.! The host of this Ichneu- monid is not known, but-a study of the host records of other species indicates that it is a lepidopterous larva, probably of the Noctuidae.
THE LIFE HISTORY OF POECILOGONALOS THWAITESIT.
During the seasons of 1926 and 1927 extensive collections were made of Henicospilus rufus cocoons for study and rearing, and a total of 356 of these was secured at this time. The primary object of the study was to determine the manner of hatching and to secure the first-stage larva for comparison with the first-stage larvae of other Hymenoptera of similar habit. Although this object was not accomplished, a considerable amount of information was secured regarding the biology of this obscure group. A considerable number of adults were reared out and caged in pairs for mating. This was never actually observed to occur, though in every case a few days confinement resulted in serious mutilation of the males, the legs and antennae being bitten off and the wings lacerated. It is possible that this occurred during or after attempted mating.
Oviposition.—In depositing her eggs the female first runs rapidly over the upper surface of the leaf, and when satisfied as to its suitability, approaches the margin, turns and curves the tip of the abdomen under it, and places the egg about .5 mm. from the margin. Only an instant is required for the operation, and it may be repeated immediately. This egg (fig. 2) measures only 0.12 mm. in length, is ellipsoidal in form, and its ventral surface is flat. It is covered with a white, vitreous shell bearing from five to seven longitudinal ridges, which also extend ventrally entirely around the egg and con- verge at the anterior end. This shell is very tough, though flexible, and is complete upon the mature eggs in the ovarian tubes. The egg when deposited upon the algae adheres only lightly to it.
The maximum number of eggs obtained from a single female was 10,641. In this instance oviposition extended over a period of fourteen days. Another individual laid a total of 4,376 eggs in a single day. A third female was observed to
1Determined by Mr. G. R. Dutt, Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, Bihar, India.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 4, APR., 1929 69
deposit twenty-seven eggs within one minute. This is a rate of oviposition far in excess of that recorded for any other parasitic hymenopteron, and provides for an exceptionally high per- centage of mortality in the early stages. In the case of one gravid female dissected, the ovaries were found to comprise a total of 657 ovarioles, and in them were contained 8,218 mature eggs and an undetermined number in various stages of develop- ment. It is probable that the normal number of eggs de- posited in the field is in excess of that here given for a caged female.
Oviposition was obtained upon the leaves of a wide range of plants, and little preference seemed to be shown except in the case of citrus, which was largely refused. Leaves having a serrate margin seemed to be favored, though not to a marked extent. Eggs were laid freely upon the leaf petioles and even upon stems, not exceeding four millimeters in diameter, pro- vided they were in a horizontal position. A considerable num- ber of eggs were deposited upon the edge of paper strips in the feeding tubes, and even upon the edge of a glass slide which had been smeared with a decoction of tea leaves. Where abundant upon leaves these eggs appeared as a fine, white line one-half millimeter within the margin on the lower side. A total of many thousands of these were secured for experi- mental purposes, upon various surfaces and upon growing plants.
The first lot of eggs secured was found upon Euphorbia leaves in April, 1926. These were kept in vials, under conditions of moderate moisture throughout the summer, and examination at intervals revealed that sufficient development had taken place for the general form of the body to be well defined, though eventually all the incipient larvae died without hatching. Further material was secured in 1927, with a like result. It was finally surmised that these eggs must be eaten by the secondary host to provide the necessary stimulus for the com- pletion of development and hatching, a requirement known to exist among several species of Tachinidae. Owing to the pressure of other work at the time it was not possible to in- vestigate this point experimentally, and no proof is as yet available to support the conjecture. The fact that three lots of eggs, each numbering several thousand, died after reaching a certain stage of development would indicate some departure from the normal mode among the Hymenoptera, and point to the eating of eggs by the host as very probably essential to de- velopment.
Tue First Larvat Srace.—Although living larvae of this stage have not as yet been secured it was possible to determine their general form from a dissection of the eggs containing the
70 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 4, APR., 1929
partially developed embryos. The form is in general similar to that of Perilampus, having a well defined head and tapering body. Neither the head nor the body was as heavily chiti- nized as a fully developed larva, and the ventral plates, with their spines and setae, were not distinguishable; but the three ventral hooks upon the thorax, similar to those of Per ilampus, were distinctly evident. It may be assumed therefore that the primary larva of Poecilogonalos thwaitesii is of the planidium type, and capable of both locomotion and penetration. Its length is approximately .12 mm.
Tue Post-Emsryonic Forms.—In view of the fact that it was not possible to study the life history of the species in its logical order from the egg to the adult, it was necessary to work backwards from the successive known forms. In this instance the pupa was recognizable without possibility of con- fusion with other forms present, and with this identification as a beginning it was necessary to associate each successive known stage with the one immediately preceding it. To do this two means were employed; first, the dissection of host cocoons during the late winter and early spring, while develop-
ment from the first larval stage to maturity is proceeding quite rapidly, and, second, the examination of the contents of cocoons from which Poecilogonalos had already emerged. Using the first method, a total of 187 fresh cocoons were cut open and the contents examined under the binocular microscope and a record made of all parasitic forms, of whatever stage, con- tained in them. In the examination of 64 empty cocoons from which Poecilogonalos had emerged, a record was likewise kept of all larval remains found, principally mandibles, and these were compared with the living forms obtained from the former lot. In the living material a total of 28 distinct larvae of different stages and species were found, and the problem was then presented of isolating the relatively few Poecilogonalos from among them. Several Chalcidoidea, parasitic externally and internally, were readily distinguishable and segregated, but the various other Ichneumonoidea present involved greater difficulties. Those others, however, were found in relatively small numbers as compared with Poecilogonalos. The number of additional parasite species actually reared from the several hundred Henicospilus cocoons collected and set aside for emergence was nine, none of which was responsible for more than 3 per cent of the total parasitism.
Tue Firru Larvat Srace.—In many instances the cocoons dissected showed a large robust larva with distinctive tridentate mandibles (Plate 5, fig. 6) feeding externally upon the dead
ee
—
NUIMIBER. OF /ND/ VIDUALS
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 4, APR., 1929 a
prepupa of Henicospilus. ‘These larvae were set aside for development, and in due time reached the pupal stage and finally emerged as adult Poecilogonalos. Further, these dis- tinctive mandibles were always found in the pupal chamber from which Poecilogonalos had emerged, and consequently this form could be definitely listed as the final larval stage of P. thwaitesii.
In one instance an empty cocoon was found to contain two pairs of these tridentate mandibles. The dissections of living cocoons had failed to show a single case in which two individuals
HEAP WIDTHS (N HUNDRETHS OF A P4/LLIMIETER * 56 BIO 42 44 4646 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84
a PREECE EH ET | DEAS. sae o ese ar a eRe Rte NEN if id E
CO SSR R SSR ERaS seeeEiReee miele a7 [obs )abs[ dup JU). bh oS See ee BAN AA | tebe ef Be eee ee
Fig. 1. Frequency curve showing the measurements, in hundredths of a millimeter, of the head widths of 75 third-stage larvae of Poecilogonalos thwaitesii.
had reached the final larval stage on the same host, and rearings never yielded more than one. This recovery, of two pairs of mandibles, in conjunction with the finding of a fifth-stage larva containing within its body a larva of the third stage, would indicate that the presence of the two pairs of mandibles above referred to had come about by the one larva reaching the final stage and then succumbing to the attack of the larva of an earlier stage within its own body, this later one then giving rise to the adult which finally emerged. Such a course of development would call for penetration by the planidium, first, of the tertiary (lepidopterous?) host, second, of the larva of Henicospilus and finally that of its own species.
Tue Fourrn Larvat Srace.—The fourth larval stage is much less robust than the fifth, and has small, simple mandibles.
&
‘ha PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 4, APR., 1929
Its relation to the latter was established by the finding of nine larvae of the fifth stage, with the cast skin only partially re- moved from the body, and of one of the fourth stage, showing clearly the developing tridentate mandibles just back of the head. This is the stage in which emergence from the body of the host is effected, and it may be found either within the host or outside of it.
Tue Tuirp Larvar Srace.—This large-headed larva is most distinctive as compared with all the others observed, and was linked to the fourth by the finding of four individuals in the process of molting. The wide variation in head widths among those observed, ranging from 0.36 mm. to 0.86 mm., led first to the assumption that two species were involved, but this was later disproved by the presence of head capsules of all sizes in the cocoons from which Poecilogonalos had emerged. The measurements of the head widths of 75 individuals gave a uni- form gradation, as shown in the accompanying figure, and no basis could be found for a division into two groups.
Several observations of interest in connection with this stage were made during the course of the dissections. The maximum number of larvae of the third stage found in a single host was four, with an average of 1.8 for all parasitized Henicospilus prepupae. In this third stage the Poeci/ogonalos larvae show a pronounced canibalistic tendency, and when a number are present in the one host body several of them are usually dead owing to lacerations produced by the heavy, sickle-shaped mandibles. However, not all which fail to reach maturity die in this manner; many are apparently driven to the posterior portions of the body of the host, where they fail to effect emergence, and eventually die. In two instances larvae of this stage were found parasitic internally within others of the same species and stage, and one was found within a fifth- stage larva. This situation is quite distinct from canibalism, the usual means of elimination of the surplus numbers of an internal parasite, and is a phenomenon seldom recorded hereto- fore. It would tend to show in this case that the Poecilo- gonalos planidium exhibits little discrimination as to the sort of host larva which it enters and would appear to be able to develop within almost any hymenopterous larva which might be present in the body of the secondary host. Two individuals were actually reared from undetermined Ichneumonids para- sitic upon Henicospilus.
Tue Seconp Larva. Stace.—The second larval stage has not yet been definitely associated with the planidium or with the distinctive third stage, but is included on the assumption that an intermediate form must occur between these two.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 4, APR., 1929 7s
The planidium measures approximately 0.12 mm. in length, while that which is termed the third stage averages 2.5 mm., the heavily chitinized head alone having an average width of 0.66 mm. With such a disparity in size between the two forms the requirement for an intermediate stage can hardly be questioned, and three individuals (Plate 5, fig. 3), which alone fulfilled all requirements, were actually observed. These measured from 0.8 to 1.2 mm. in length, and possessed large, globular heads, unchitinized, and with simple mandibles widely spaced ventrally. This form could not be associated with any of the other parasites contained in the material examined, but, likewise, could not be recovered from the empty parasitized cocoons. The failure to recover it may be attributed to the lack of any well defined parts that could be recognized after molting, and in the earlier dissections such a form was not anticipated. The relatively small number recognized may be due to the difficulty of detecting them and, again, to a probable relatively short duration of the period.
Summary of Dissections of Henicospilus Cocoons:
Nitmmberroteicesivcocoons dissected se wetea ee een ee ee ee 187 Numbencontainineviersicosp7/us pupae ee 11 Number containing unparasitized Henicospilus larvae or prepupae........._ 47 Number containing parasitized Henicospilus larvae, prepupae or pupae. 129 Of this number there were: ICES tA eM DOCCHOMOIGIUS Serene me ee Eee teeee een eee ere 7 [Povine{al nesecnaye J Plalciar Wo pena 171 fo atcs ae Sa ae at ne ee tee ea ee 8 Mitind=stase:Pocctiocanmlos= et ee te ee eee 79 ECOG ESCA Ce OCGUL0 C01) 0p teens Se ee ee ee eee 3 Pupae, Poectlogonalos_..._.._____.._.___.... Ee eee seh A eee + Wantous states .Onoticrm Spccless es = teeter Sane ee eee 28 Percentage of parasitism of the fresh cocoons by Poecitlogonalos........... 54
In the 64 empty cocoons examined the tridentate mandibles of the fifth stage were always recovered in the pupation cell of those cocoons from which Poeci/ogonalos had emerged, as were also the large, heavily chitinized heads of the third stage, while only 39 of that number yielded the remains of the fourth stage. In this case there was no certainty as to the location of the cast skin, as it might be within the decaying body of the host or external to it, or, finally, it might be retained as a light pad at the caudal end of the fifth stage larva and thus be included in the contents of the pupation chamber. Of the 10 cocoons which yielded other Ichneumonoidea none showed the triden- tate mandibles, though 4 were found to contain the large head capsules similar to, but distinguishable from, the third stage of Poecilogonalos.
74 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 4, APR., 1929
THE DEVELOPMENT OF POECILOGONALOS THWAITESII.
On the basis of dissections made during 1926 and 1927 it appears that Poecilogonalos thwaitesii passes the early part of the winter in the first larval stage within the mature larva of Henicospilus, the cocoon of whichis normally formed in the soil. Emergence of Henicospilus under natural conditions at Jorhat takes place in March, with Poeci/ogonalos appearing slightly later. The material collected during January and February and taken to Shillong (elevation 5,000 ft.) for emergence, yielded adult Henicospilus from March 7 to April 6 and the Poecilogonalos adults appeared from March 8 to April 24. The peak of host emergence was about March 15, whereas Poecilogonalos was quite evenly distributed throughout its longer period. The January and February collections were made too late to include the planidium stage, as development had already progressed beyond that point.
Tue Tuirp Larva Stace.—The third stage is a very robust larva and moves freely through the body of its host. At this time the host is approaching pupation, but becomes greatly weakened through the feeding of the parasite. With only a single larva within its body the host usually remains alive until the emergence of the larva for external feeding, but when two or more are present death occurs as the prepupal stage is reached, and while the Poecilogonalos larvae are still in the third stage. The parasites are able to feed and develop for a relatively considerable time following the death of the host, and mature without difficulty. In the normal course of development, however, the third stage completes its feeding in the living host. When the prepupal stage of the latter is reached the parasite is situated in the thoracic regions, and when ready to transform to the following stage it takes up a position immediately under the derm and within the eye, already somewhat pigmented, of the developing pupa. Here the molt takes place, and the new fourth-stage larva immediately makes an incision in the derm of the host at that point and emerges to feed externally. The developing host pupa dies at this time and shortly becomes a putrefying mass. This procedure is rather unusual, as with parasites of this type decay does not normally set in until feeding is complete. In the case of hosts that are killed by an excessive number of third-stage Poecilogonalos within the body, putrefaction also sets in immediately, in spite of the fact that there has been no break in the body wall; yet this incident does not hinder the development of the parasite through the succeeding stages. Less than half of the body contents of the host are normally consumed.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 4, APR., 1929 7S
THE FourtH Larvat Strace.—In approximately twenty per cent of the individuals examined the Poeci/ogonalos fourth-stage larva emerged from the fully formed pupa of Henicospilus rather than from the developing prepupa. The point of exit in each case was the same, the eye being invariably chosen. For a relatively short period feeding takes place externally at the single puncture, followed by transformation to the fifth, and final larval stage.
THE Fiero Larvat Strace.—The fifth stage is equipped with heavy tridentate mandibles and a large suctorial disc for feeding. The mandibles, however, are of little use, as only a portion of the fluid contents is sucked out, and no part of the solid tissues or of the derm is consumed.
When feeding is ended the mature larva forms for itself a pupation chamber of irregular outline at one side of the host cocoon, thus separating itself from the large mass of putrefying matter which constitutes the remainder of its host. The envelope is thin, parchment-like and light brown in color. After a few days the meconium is discharged, this being viscid and black in color, as compared with the chocolate-brown to brick-red color of the meconium of its host. Pupation occurs in this cell, and the adult emerges by cutting an irregular hole at the side, near the anterior end of the cocoon. This hole is readily distinguished from that made by Henicospilus, which is smoothly cut and at right angles to the axis of the cocoon.
From the data available it seems probable that both Poecilo- gonalos and its host, Henicospilus rufus, have a single generation each year, the latter parasitizing its lepidopterous (?) host during the summer and passing the autumn and early winter in the mature larval stage in its cocoon in the soil. The Poecilo- gonalos planidium gains access to the body of its secondary host at some time in the summer, and then enters such Henico- spilus larvae as it may find there In this stage a considerable period of time is apparently passed, and development through the succeeding larval stages occurs quite rapidly during the early spring. At Shillong the pupal stage covers three weeks in March, but this time is probably reduced to about two weeks under the conditions of temperature prevailing at that time of the year at Jorhat. A period of gestation of two or three weeks brings the time of oviposition to April and May, and apparently the egg stage may be greatly prolonged.
The adults of Poecilogonalos are very readily distinguishable in the field by the general form of the body, particularly the pronounced ventral curving of the tip of the abdomen, and by the position of the wings. While resting at intervals during the day, or while feeding, the abdomen is held elevated at an angle
76 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 4, APR., 1929
of forty-five degrees from the horizontal, and at this time, as well as when in movement or ovipositing, the wings are held spread at right angles to each other and with the tips trailing upon the surface of the leaf or other object upon which the insect may be found. During protracted periods of rest, or at night, the wings may be placed one above the other over the abdomen. These positions of the wings and abdomen, in conjunction with quick, jerky movements when this parasite is running about the leaf, serve readily to distinguish members of the family when found in the field.
Such Trigonalid females as have been observed in the field seem to prefer the somewhat shaded places. Those collected in northern Japan were found exclusively along shaded forest paths where very little direct sunlight reached the undergrowth upon which they were resting or ovipositing. In the laboratory oviposition took place most readily in slightly darkened places.
Poecilogonalos henicospili, Rohwer.
From the material of Henicospilus rufus collected during 1927 for the rearing of Trigonalidae there emerged four indi- viduals of a species other than the common Poecilogonalos thwaitesti (Westw.). These have been examined by Mr. S. A. Rohwer and described by him as a new species under the above name. An examination of the remains of this species in the host cocoons showed the head characters of the last three larval stages to be indistinguishable from those of P. thwaitesii.
Oviposition by one of the females was readily brought about, and a total of 5,782 eggs were deposited in a period of six days. The egg is equal in length to that of P. thwaitesii, though slightly narrower, and the outer shell has the usual longitudinal ridges, but is more transparent than that of the latter species.
THE RELATION OF THE. OVIPOSITION HABIT -OF THE TRIE GONALIDAE TO THE PROBLEM OF PARASITE REARING AND INTRODUCTION.
Owing to the habit of the Trigonalidae of ovipositing upon foliage apparently without any relation to the host itself, another complication enters into the problem of rearing and importation from one country to another of Ichneumonoid and Tachinid parasites. This is true whether hatching takes place in the normal way or following ingestion of the eggs by the secondary host. The present record of the manner of ovi- position of Poecilogonalos increases to four the number of families of parasitic insects which place their eggs upon foliage, the other three families being the Tachinidae (a relatively few species), the Perilampidae and the Eucharidae. The members of the last-named family, so far as known, are exclusively pri- mary parasites of ants, and may therefore be disregarded in
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PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 4, APR., 1929 Fi
this connection. The Tachinids are primary parasites while Perilampus may be either primary or secondary. Presuming a Trigonalid or Perilampid parasitic upon Crossocosmia or any of the other leaf-ovipositing Tachinidae to attack, for instance, lepidopterous larvae, it would be possible to have both primary and secondary parasitism of these caterpillars without either of the parasite species having had access to the host. The high degree of parasitism evidenced by Poecilogonalos thwaitesii upon Henicospilus in India would prove a serious handicap to the attempted introduction of such a species, besides the danger that the hyperparasite itself might escape and become established. It is becoming more and more evident that rearing the primary host in insect-proof:cages is not a sufficient precaution, and the presence of the above-mentioned parasites makes necessary a similar protection of the sources of food
supply. LITERATURE ON THE BIOLOGY OF THE TRIGONALIDAE.
In the literature to date there is an almost complete lack of information upon the life history and habits of this most in- teresting group of parasites. The following list comprises all of the known records of host relationships of the family:
Species Host Bareogonalos canadensis Harr. Vespa occidentalis Cress. Lycogaster pullata Shuck. Ophion macrurus L. from Telea poly phemus Cr. Nomadina cisandina Schulz. Polybia dimidiata Oliv. Pseudogonalos hahni Spin. Ophion distans Thoms. from Lepidoptera Trogus sp.
Vespa germanica ¥, Tapinogonalos pulchella Cress. | Exorista lobeliae Coq. from Acronycta lobeliae
Guer. Trigonalys costalis Cress. Acronycta lobeliae Guér. Seminota depressa Deg. Polistes canadensis L. Seminota mejicana Cress. Parachartergus apicalis ¥.
A consideration of the foregoing list indicates that the family is largely parasitic in the nests of vespoid Hymenoptera, though whether in the role of primary or of secondary parasite is not known. Of the ten host records above given five are of this family of social wasps. Next in importance may be mentioned those which are secondary parasites of Lepidoptera, and probably Hymenoptera (Tenthredinoidea) as well, with an Ichneumonoid as the primary host. The single record from a Tachinid, Exorista lobeliae Coq., itself a parasite of Acronycta, would indicate a mode of development similar to that of Poeci/o- gonalos.
The occurrence of Trigonalidae as parasites of Vespidae is of —
78 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 4, APR., 1929
particular interest in view of the information now available regarding Poecilogonalos. Its frequency as a parasite of that group would seem to contradict the theory advanced by the writer that the eggs are eaten by the secondary host, as the Vespidae are not phytophagous. Dr. L. O. Howard has sug- gested, however, that in the case of Polistes and other Vespidae, the adults of which are known to feed upon the body fluids of caterpillars, the Trigonalid planidia, hatched from eggs ingested by the caterpillars and floating in the body fluids, might thus be taken up by the wasps and carried to the nest in the food supplied to the larvae. The roving habits of these wasps when in search of food, and the fact that the females return fre- quently to the nest to feed the larvae during their period of de- velopment, would permit the planidia to reach the nest in the same manner as do those of Schizaspidia upon ants, presuming that normal hatching takes place. The records of a European species (Pseudogonalos hahni Spin.) upon Vespa, Ophion and Trogus, respectively, would indicate an identical habit through- out the group and it would be of exceeding interest to clear up the still obscure manner of hatching and the manner in which the planidium gains access to its primary host.
Bugnion,! in his study of the anatomy of Pseudogonalos hahni, mentions from 300 to 400 ovarioles in each ovary of the female, a number equal to that found in Poecilogonalos, and an average of about five mature eggsineach. These are stated to be 0.18 mm. in length, or considerably larger than those of P. thwaitesii and P. heniscopili.
DESCRIPTIONS OF THE IMMATURE STAGES OF POECILOGO- NALOS THWAITESII. (Plate 5.)
The Egg (Fig. 2). Length 0.12 mm., width 0.07 mm., ellipsoidal! in form and white in color. The ventral side flat, with the dorsum not greatly arched. The outer covering vitreous, with 5 to 7 longitudinal ridges extending entirely around the egg and converging at the anterior pole, the ridges occasionally branched.
First-Stage Larva. Unknown, though partially developed embryos dis- sected out from the egg showed it to be of the planidium type, and possessing three large ventral hooks on the thorax.
Second-Stage Larva (Fig. 3). Thirteen-segmented, and 1.2 mm. in length. The head large, almost spherical in form, very lightly chitinized and with large simple mandibles set widely apart ventrally. Body segmentation indistinct, the caudal segments narrow. One pair of spiracles on the anterior margin of the second thoracic segment. No dermal setae or spines.
Third-stage Larva (Fig. 4). Fourteen-segmented, 1.5 to 2.8 mm. in length and widest in the thoracic region. One pair of large spiracles situated as in the preceding stage.
Wire Magee: eS tie |) eee eee 1Bugnion, E. La Structure Anatomique du Trigonalys hahni Spin. Mitt.
Schweiz. Entom. Gez., vol. 12, pp. 14-20, illus., 1910. r
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 4, APR., 1929 79
The head very large, heavily chitinized, and deep brown in color. Average width 0.66 mm. Sharply constricted in the posterior region, forming a distinct neck. Mandibles (fig. 7) 0.35 mm. in length, and sickle-shaped. The max- illae large, conical in form, and extending much beyond the anterior margin of the head and mandibles. One pair of light spots, possibly sensoria, ven- trally behind the middle transverse line.
The body segments decreasing in width caudad, with the anterior margin of each having a minutely pebbled appearance, this being uniform over the last two segments.
Fourth-stage Larva (Fig. 5). Fourteen-segmented, 3.5 mm. in length and 0.9 mm. in width. Eight pairs of spiracles, the first, on the second thoracic segment large, the remaining seven small and inconspicuous, possibly not open. The lateral trachael trunks heavy, with large anterior and posterior commissures. The head large but not heavily chitinized, and with simple mandibles (Fig. 8) 0.18 mm. in length. The body segments subequal in length except the last two, which are longer, the caudal one being much extended. No dermal setae or spines.
Fifth-stage Larva (Fig. 6). Fourteen-segmented, 9 to 11 mm. in length, very robust, and largely brown in color because the contents of the digestive tract show through the derm. Eight pairs of open spiracles, situated on the second and third thoracic and the first six abdominal segments.
The head relatively large, and truncate in form. The mouthparts comprising a large suctorial disc and tridentate mandibles (Fig. 9) 0.14 mm. in length. An- tennae conical in form, with 2 short, blunt sensoria at the tip.
Body broadest in the mid-abdominal region, the segments subequal in length, the last tapering to a sharp point. No dermal setae or spines.
Pupa. No distinctive characteristics except that the tip of the abdomen is sharply curved ventrally in the manner typical of the adults.
NEW TERMITES FROM THE ANTILLES AND MIDDLE AMERICA.
By Tuos. E. Snyper, Senior Entomologist, Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture.
The following miscellaneous termites are herein described as new: Family KALOTERMITIDAE.
Kalotermes (Kalotermes) bequaerti. Cuba.
Kalotermes (Kalotermes) liberatus. Jamaica.
Family TERMITIDAE.
Cornitermes (Cornitermes) acignathus Silvestri, subspecies walkeri. Panama.
Cornitermes (Cornitermes) acignathus Silvestri, subspecies ecostaricensis. Costa Rica.
Cylindrotermes macrognathus. Panama
PLATE 5 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31
PECILOGONALOS HENICOSPILI ROHWER.
Figure 1, adult; 2, egg; 3, 4, 5, 6, second, third, fourth and fifth stage larvae respectively.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 4, APR., 1929 81
H. Hagen in 1858 (Linn. Ent., vol. 12, pp. 67-8) described Calotermes posticus from the dealated female adult from St. Thomas, stating it to be near “Ca/otermes”’ brevis Walker; the latter species is in the subgenus Crypfotermes Banks.
In 1910, N. Holmgren in Termitenstudien 2 (Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hd. 46, no. 6, p. 55, refers to C. posticus Hag. as doubt- fully a species of Cryptotermes.
Nathan Banks, in Antillean Isoptera (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 62, no. 10, p. 477-479, Pl. I, figs. 8 and 12, 1919), described the soldier caste of a termite from Jamaica as Ka/otermes posticus Hagen, stating that it might not be the soldier of posticus, if not, it was new. Winged forms (discussed in a key) are from St. Thomas, Cuba and Haiti.
Since the identity of posticus is in great doubt, and it is quite probably a Cryptotermes, possibly cavifrons Bks., which occurs in the Antilles, | am giving the specimens referred to by Banks the name /ideratus. Unfortunately, I can not name them for Mr. Banks, having already described a termite as Ka/otermes banksi.
Kalotermes (Kalotermes) liberatus, new species.
Soldier— “Head yellowish; mandibles red-brown, tips black, pronotum faintly brownish, body rather a dull yellowish, legs and antennae pale. Head about twice as long as broad, sides parallel, scarcely convex, broadly rounded behind, in front rather suddenly declivous, clypeus subquadrate; mandibles not as long as width of head, stout, toothed about as usual; antennae short, hardly longer than width of head, third joint not modified; eyes not noticeable; pro- notum more than twice as broad as long, concave in front, slightly convex behind, sides rounded, hardly narrowed behind; head and body with scattered moderately long, erect hairs; legs short, hind femora much swollen. Length of head, 3 mm.”
Type-locality —Cinchona, Jamaica. Type, soldier—Amer. Museum Natur. Hist., New York City.
Kalotermes (Kalotermes) bequaerti, new specics.
Winged adult——Head light castaneous-brown, with numerous long hairs and fewer short hairs.
Antenna with 15 segments; third segment longer than second or fourth; last sub-elliptical, short and narrow.
Eye black, rather large, separated from lower margin of head by a distance less than half the diameter of the eye.
Ocellus elongate, narrow, in contact with and at oblique angle to eye.
Pronotum light castaneous-brown; with rows of long hairs on margins and a
1Description of posticus by Banks, 1919.
82 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 4, APR., 1929
median row, fewer short hairs; broader than head; roundly emarginate at both anterior and posterior margins.
Wings hyaline, yellow near costal margin; radius nearer to subcosta than to cubitus; in forewing subcosta with 4 long branches to costa; cubitus nearer to upper than lower margin of wing.
Abdomen yellow-brown; tergites with a row of long hairs near posterior margins.
Pulvillus between tarsal claws prominent.
Measurements.—Length of entire winged adult!: 9.75—10.50 mm.
Length of entire dealated adult: 5.25-6.75 mm. Length of head (to tip of labrum): 1.20-1.25 mm. Length of pronotum (not at median): 0.65-0.70 mm. Length of forewing: 7.80-8.00 mm.
Length of hind tibia: 0.70-0.80 mm.
Diameter of eye (long diameter): 0.26-0.27 mm. Width of head (at eyes): 0.90-0.95 mm.
Width of pronotum: 1.00-1.05 mm.
Width of forewing: 2.15—2.20 mm.
Soldier—Head yellow-brown with reddish tinge, darker at anterior margin; elongated normally; sides straight and parallel; front with slope at epicranial suture; with scattered short and long hairs. Gula slender.
Antenna with 11 segments, third segment greatly modified, chitinized, light castaneous brown, subclavate, longer and broader than second segment, or third and fourth together; last segment subelliptical, short and narrow.
Eye spot not colored, oval and at an angle to rim of antennal socket, sepa- rated from this rim by a distance about equal to the long diameter of the eye spot.
Mandibles black, short, stout, incurved at apex. Left mandible with a pointed marginal tooth near apex, two molars, and a large pointed tooth near base; right mandible with two large, pointed marginal teeth between middle of mandible and base.
Pronotum yellow, anterior margin broadly, angularly emarginate, finely serrate; posterior margin slightly emarginate; anterior corners high; sides nar- row towards posterior margin; with scattered long and short hairs.
Abdomen with tergites light yellow; long hair near posterior margins.
Legs with hind femora markedly swollen.
Measurements.—Length of entire soldier: 5.00-7.00 mm.
Length of head with mandibles: 2.5-3.1 mm.
Length of head without mandibles (to anterior): 1.7—2.1 mm.
Length of left mandible: 1.00-1.10 mm.
Length of pronotum (from anterior to posterior margins at sides): 0.80-1.00 mm.
Length of hind tibia: 0.70-0.90 mm.
Width of head (where widest posteriorly): 1.00-1.40 mm.
Height of head at middle: 0.80-0.90 mm.
Width of pronotum: 1.10-1.55 mm.
1The females average slightly larger than the males.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 4, APR., 1929 83
Type locality.—Banos (Oriente), Cuba.
Described from a large series of male and female winged adults, soldiers and nymphs collected in dry, dead branch near edge of mangrove, March 21, 1925, by J. Bequaert.- Named in honor of the distinguished collector, who is now entomologist in the Department of Tropical Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
Cotypes.—(Winged adults.) Cat. No. 41742 U. S. National Museum; morphotypes (soldiers), U. S. National Museum. Coparatypes at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam-
bridge, Mass.
Key to Antillean Species in the Subgenus Kalotermes.
Winged. 1. Head and thorax red-brown, small species not 10 mm. long /iberatus Snyder. Head and thorax light castaneous-brown, usually at least 10 mm. long bequaerti Snyder.
Head and thorax pale yellowish, larger species... 2.02.22 eeeeeee eens 2 2. sBody with brsdy hatr-22<. 282 ib ee Aa ee schwarzi Banks Body with only, very short, fAneihait 2 jouteli Banks. Soldiers. 1. Third antennal segment scarcely if any longer than second... » Third antennal segment plainly longer than second... 3 2: Eye spot black, mandibles not very broad... ee mona Banks Eye spot black, mandibles very broad... cubanus Snyder ives spo tuliyaltme Steen ee ey Be ieee Schwarzi Banks Swe spot black, sula wery broads 22 eo jouteli Banks Eye spot hyaline, gula very slender... liberatus Snyder
Eye spot hyaline, gula slender, anterior margin of pronotum finely serrate bequaerti Snyder
After an examination of Silvestri’s cotypes in 1927, Dr. A. E. Emerson, of the University of Pittsburgh, states that specimens of Cornitermes from Panama and Costa Rica de- termined by me as acignathus Silv. are close to type but need varietal or subspecific names. C. pugnax Emerson from British Guiana is closely related to, but distinct from, acignathus. I am naming the subspecies from Panama after a former Governor of the Canal Zone, Panama, Brigadier General Meriwether L. Walker; the subspecies from Costa Rica is named costaricensis.
The dealated male adult of wa/keri has already been described by the writer under the name Cornitermes (C.) acignathus Silvestri, in the Journal Agricultural Research, U. S. Dept. Agric., Vol. X XIX, no. 4, p. 187, Aug. 15, 1924.
‘Adapted from Banks, 1919.
84 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 31, NO. 4, APR., 1929
Cornitermes (C.) acignathus Silvestri, walkeri, new sub-species.
Soldier.—Head_ yellow-brown, broadest posteriorly, with a few scattered fairly long hairs.
Fronta! tube elongate, s!ender, upturned, at oblique angle to head.
Mandibles piceous, curved, broad at base, slender, sharp pointed and in- curved at apex; marginal teeth as in figure 1. On left mandible, the fine marginal serrations on the apical third are more prominent than in costaricensis.
Antenna with 15 segments. Pronotum yellow with long hairs on margins, anterior