ei era's eh s inion
he
wn "5! re Oy ‘A ne odes
’ f vate CaN CIR R RO ICICSS RPh i ork RE Oe OD RAN IN Lo Sob DN ne ae
luis ea yrs " ates at aes
SR De Chee RN) PO St D eeaitons * Saye
: ve eR S Banat ei as wkd hath awe eae
Sons RRR eae vk
cyan Ra Sk “ ae
Ean SL Nesey ‘
ae wet
tices 0 00 & beh te ae De eS wage -Y ates foi eh MA ges Bode haf Carers at
age ey htwchege, BRO A ern tet oe
Eee TE ae nT a tae? sn eb . ee) Soest DOC On Or fe See :
YW so3IaQVvVagii ee Re FS SE RSe ee Pee Se) eT SSS eee NAS RS EE ee ee a ea ee oe ee ee ee gn el a ee
— w ese wo — 7, u! a a Se 1 a & : oe = = wy, ip pa = par 2 <x c < Yy it (ex o = = a os = Big = 4 a 3 tA 3 2 5 : iy z a a faved, = 2 3 \N” INSTITUTION NOILONLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3!1YVYa!IT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN = z Gitte z = = ; c = ° & 2 o S : = 0 = x = 2 jie = > = > = - “Gs i= a is a Ey a m @ m 2 m 2 n 7) = n = 7) = U NS SJIYVYUGIT LIBRARIES INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS a) f as a2) Zz. ie 2) z Y = ) Ss = < = < : 3 3 - z Ne 3 & o ” a Mm ~ WW An ¢ | fe) a O° say hy WE fo) ae C z a = E YQ SY = E 5 ee lee Baht ae = \N INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI_NVINOSHLINS S3luVvuall LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN | 2 ul a Wi 2 a z 7 = = o uw ¢ ie ra fod = faa = = - va < < < a < = = = a a = a fo) a fe) = fe) = r =z i 2 =] 2 a Gi IS SaIYVYdIT LIBRARIES SSMITHSOMIAN SINST TUMOR NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLIWS ff z ‘ : S = S ia S = ace) E a 5 ce 5 2» ee: = a Ey 2 E a ; = a Say 2 za ; 2 one 2. eae Z 7 De AN ITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYWYEIT_LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN = oe n” rs 22) Pos eee wn” = z< @. = < = eo wa = : z =r Z =) Ue \\ y O06 F AV ite} cM = YY fo) = DS We Ro = ¢ 1S 34 ff 2% By BRE 8 ins z “yf E 2 = ae ; = > : = > = f > : wo z ” aes ” . ro ¢
NS Saluvudia LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLIWS
— -_ w —- us é BN es ul 2 ; isa? Lrg A, =| + = E = de a = c by 2 c = c ;
= = 5 “i = a = e 3 =e S a 5 : = =! 2 Sone AN” INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYSIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN ie S (= - S i = = Lr ow Ps = ow = c , 2 = SS = 72 = oa A > = \- e > = 5 ae = XO" 5 = ry : i 2 2 ; zZ
WS SSIYVYEIT LIBRARIES
‘*
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLIWS
NOSHLINS S3AIYVYa!
>THSONIAN IROLIDTIAIC
THSONIAN 4p e JOSHLINS
VOSHLINS NS THSONIAN
ie al _—— i: cial
-I.BRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNILILSNI
SM SN ,
~~
Saluvugi7_ LIB
NV »” NV NY
T_LIBRARIES S
LIBRARIES
NOILALILSNI
NVINOSHLINS S3luvdd!l1 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN” INSTITUTION _ NOL.
INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI S3IYVUGIT LIBRARIES SM
Saluvauagl
INSTITUTION
Ssaluvadl /
INSTITUTION
NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31YVUdIT_ LIB
, Ge} :
NVINOSHLINS S31YVYSIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOI
NVINOSHLIWS SMITHSONIAN By NWINOSHLINS SMITHSONIAN NVINOSHLIWS SMITHSONIAN
NOILNLILSNI
NOILALILSNI
NOILNLILSNI
\BRARIES SMITHSONIAN LIB
SIIYVYSIT. LIBRARIES
= INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3Iy¥VvysII ates 5 o . 8 = E E = Fy e - - E E wn z G 2 2 NOILALILSNI NWINOSHLINS S3JIYVWYSIT SMITHSONIAN _ NO:
NVINOSHLINS S3ZIYVYUEIT LIBRARIES ar.
NVINOSHLINS SAIYVUaIT_ LIBRARIES
SMITHSONIAN NVINOSHLIWS SMITHSONIAN
“iy
LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IuvugiT LIE
NS v. » SS . a NOILNLILSNI
LIBRARIES NOILNLILSNI
NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31a¥vudiT LIBRARIES INSTITUTION NOI
aX x. aN
rN SMITHSONIAN
-IBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI_ NVINOSHLINS SSIYvVualT_ LIE
Qo we y dm Wy,
S31NVYUSIT_ LIBRARIES INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI S3INYVYYGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN
INSTITUTION
saluvy9gl
INSTITUTION PariSON; >
4LIWS
NSTTY, > Q
)NIAN 1LIWS INIAN ALIWS INIAN
a LD,
a &) Ky (SQUP PD
aj)
Peay wiht
A JOURNAL (On HNTOMOL@GiyY
[Established in 1874 |
VOLUME 9
IQO00-1902
CamMBRIDGE, Mass., U. S. A. 1\GbLSA1 CAMBRIDGE, ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB.
1902.
es Uy lies
Pa \iiles UN TAVO Th It)
; Ki \\ a. 14 a
CONTENTS.
ASHMEAD, WILLIAM H. Some insects of the Hudsonian zone in New Mexico. Hymenoptera Parasitica . Hymenoptera (part) : A new Bruchophagus from Mexico A new Catolaccus on Sitotroga cerealella Oliv.
Baker, C. F. On some American species of Macropsis (Jassidae) Notes on Macropsis and Agallia (Jassidae) Another note on Deltocephalus melsheimerii Batt, E. D. Notes on the species of Macropsis and Agallia of North Aineriee BANKS, NATHAN. Some insects of the Hudsonian zone in New Mexico. Arach- nida. Neuroptera Neuropteroid insects : BLATCHLEY, W. L. On the species of iNemiobiue ton to occur in Tndiece Brues, CHARLES THOMAS. Notes on the larvae of some Texan Diptera. /dlus- trated . . é 3 0 5 O 5 3 5 2 : : Buscx, AuGustT. Some insects of the Hudsonian zone in New Mexico. Micro- lepidoptera 0 0 : c oe OH
CockERELL, T. D. A. The name Leonia . Table of North American Kermes, based on exter nal charecier s Some Coccidae quarantined at San Francisco . : Some insects of the Hudsonian Zone in New Mexico . : ¢ 6 123, Hymenoptera Apoidea Lepidoptera Rhopalocera Diptera, Lepidoptera, Er meneptera Myrratciane A new coccid on roots of Rubus ; Hemiptera on Verbascum Records of the habits of New Mewican Gelkontere The pupa of Mermiria texana Bruner . 0 : 5 . : ° . CocKkERELL, T. D. A. See Newberry, Minnie. CockEeRELL, T. D. A. and Kine, G. B. Notes on a pticerya townsendi Ckll. Illustrated . . C CoquiLLettT, D.W. Some insects ae the medeonian Zonet in New Mesto! Dipters
DuRAND, NAPIER N. Notes on two Canadian butterflies Dyar, Harrison G. Life histories of North American Gesmenians
ilps 163,
9
147
87
10,
21, 59, 69, 93, 106, 118, 130, 142, 155, 165, 177, 189, 203, 226, 239,
CORRECTION of an error
250, 262, 273, 287, 298, 310, 336, 344, 371, 353, 396, 407, 419, 4
28. It
SUPPLEMENTARY notes on Orgyia . : 143 Some insects of the Hudsonian zone in New VGtwe= Tenidapters eterocers (part) - : 6 . : : : : ; c : ; : : : 146 Farr, H.C. Some insects of the Hudsonian zone in New Mexico—Coleoptera_ . 303 Faxon, WALTER. The habits and notes of the New England species of Oecanthus 183 Fett, E. P. Two new species of Ophion : c . . 307 Fosom, Justus Watson. The distribution of Holarctic Golemnols c : 159 Review of the collembolan genus Neelus and ee of N. minutus n. sp. Plate 2 5 : ° ° c o 219 The identity of the snow- ice (Acher utes nivicola Fitch). Plate> . 5 5 315 Collembola of the grave. Plate 4 : < - 5 : 0 363 Foret, AuGuste. Sketch of the habits of North Panericant ants . - 231, 243
Gitterte, C. P. Identification of two of Fitch’s species, viz., Deltocephalus mel- sheimerii and Chlorotettix unicolor . : 5 : 2 : 2 6 “ 171
Hancock, J. L. Synopsis of subfamilies and genera of North American Tetti-
gidae . : 3 : : . 2 2 5 - 6
A new tettigian genus and species fe om South Nate. Illustrated 3 2 Haywarp, RoLANpD. The katydid’s call in relation to temperature . 5 : ° 179 A note on the secondary sexual characters of Omophron : . : c 304 HENSHAW, SAMUEL. New England Orthoptera . . . : ° 119 Bibliographical notes. X. Biologia Gentaiearncricana™Orthaptecn : . 274 Horxrins, A. D. American fossil Coleoptera referred to the Scolytidae. J2/ustrated 64
Hunter, S. J. and Surron, W. S. The Melanopli of Kansas . : 0 : . 63, 76, 88
KrLLOGG, VERNON L. A new blepharocerid. Jllustrated : : 9 . . 39 Stanford university’s collection of Japanese scale insects. 5 3 : c 144 Food of larvae of Simulium and Blepharocera . 5 . . . c 166 The triangle spider in California . c : : : 5 5 : 167 Insects and spiders of the Galapagos ielande) : o : 173 Studies for students—I. The anatomy of the larva of the pant crane-fly,
Holorusia rubiginosa. Jllustrated . : : 207 Il. The histoblasts (imaginal buds) of the wings and ies of the wine crane- fly
Holorusia rubiginosa. Jllustrated . : : ¢ 5 5 5 . 5 246 Are the’Mallophaga degenerate psocids? . - . 5 5 ° ¢ ° 339 Coccidae and Aleurodidae_. : 5 . . ° 429
KiNG, GeorGE B. The fifth species of Rennes con Maseaehunetts ° 5 : 22 The genus Kermes in North America. Jllustrated . . c 5 ° 78 Miscellaneous notes on Coccidae from western Massachusetts . . : . 116 Coccidae of the Harvard botanical gardens . A * : . . . . 153 Pulvinaria innumerabilis Rathv. 2 . : . > : 5 . 0 199 Kermes quercus Linn. . 3 3 . ° ' 258 A check-list of the Massachusetts oeieidaes with some notes on the species . 260
Some new records of the New England Formicidae. : . : : : 270
v
A new species of Saissetia (Coccidae) with notes on some of the species of the genus not well understood. J//lustrated Further notes on New England Formicidae . The association of Coccidae Kinc, G. B. See Cockerell, T. D. A. KusNezow, NicHoLas. On the productive coloration and attitude of Libythea celtis Esp. Jdlustrated ;
McCLENDON, Jesse F. A new species of Chrysopa from Texas. //lustrated McNEIL, JEROME. The orthopteran genus Trimerotropis 6 Mayer, ALFRED GOLDsBoROUGH. On the mating instinct in moths : MELANDER, ALEX LEONARD. Oe a aaa in a new species of Hilara. Illustrated A new silphid beetle from a Piavle insect- Sip ; 5 Morsk, ALBERT Pirts. Variation in Tridactylus. //lustrated Dichopetala brevicauda —a correction : 5 5 C : - MucKERMANN, HERMAN. The structure of the nests of some North American species of Formica
NEEDHAM, JAMES G. A probable new type of Eee ee Illustrated A simplified spreading board ; NEWBERRY, MINNIE, and CocKERELL, T. D. im Notes on the Sears of Anthi- dium paroselae
Osporn. HERBERT Some insects of the Hudsonian zone in New Mexico.— Rhyn- chota Heteroptera : An interesting case of mimicry
PACKARD, ALPHEUS SPRING. Occurrence of Myrmeleon immaculatum De Geer in Maine Occurrence of Machilis vatiabilis 1 in Maine Occurrence of Melanoplus extremus in northern Teabrador Occurrence of Anopheles quadrimaculatus in Maine On the larval forms of several exotic ceratocampid moths : A preliminary sketch of the Sphingicampidae, a new group of Proreepnineine Lepidoptera, with its subdivisions ° On the limits of the family Saturniidae, with a note on cine! genus Rothschildia PeckHAM, GEORGE W. and ELizaABETH G. Some new, genera and species of Attidae from South Africa
Ritey, WittiAM A. The so-called mandibles of spiders : : r 5
ScuppER, SAMUEL HuBBARD. The species of the oedipodine genus Heliastus occurring in the United States The species of Hadrotettix, a genus of Gedipodinae Notes on the orthopteran genus Leprus Saussure The clear-winged species of the oedipodine genus Mectobreenia
296
367 401
339
vi
Localities for western Tryxalinae
A list of the Orthoptera of New Bysendl
The distribution of Leptysma marginicollis (Serv.)
Mantis religiosa in America é : ° : ¢ :
Some insects of the Hudsonian Zone in New Mewieo! Orthoptera
The species of Circotettix, a North American genus of Oedipodinae
The species of Diapheromera (Phasmidae) found in the United States =f Canada : . ¢ : : .
A courageous butterfly, Oeneis semidea Plate 7
Miogryllus and its species in the United States
The species of Gryllus on the Pacific coast
Distribution of Cryptocercus punctulata . : 2
The species of Gryllus found in the United States east of the Siena Nevadas
On the United States Orthoptera which have been referred to the genus Tridac-
tylus
Group characteristics of some Norn American butterflies 370, 381, 394, 405, Smiru, JouN B. Some insects of the Hudsonian zone in New Mexico. Lepidoptera Noctuidae . : a 3 ; ° . ; SNopGRASS, ROBERT E. The inverted emi gium GE Dasyllis ame Laphria Plate 5. . 2 : a : 3 SouLE, CAROLINE G. The cocoons or cases of some burrowing caterpillars. 6 Some mating notes : . : : 0 3 : - Notes on the mating of Attacus cecropia anal others. A new use for an ovipositor . 2 : : 2 : The inner cocoon of attacine moths. b Q 2 : 9 Mating of Attacus gloveri. : : : 3 6 The hatching of Eacles imperialis . f 5 Notes on hybrids of Samia cynthia and Attacus promethea Surron, W.S. See Hunter, S. J. and Sutton, W. S.
VreRECK, HENRy L. Some insects of the Hudsonian zone in New Mexico. Hyme- noptera : : : . . . . 0 : . . . WHEELER, WILLIAM Horne The habits of Myrmecophila nebrascensis Bruner
Illustrated. ¢ . ° 0 0 0 < 5 °
Microdon larvae in Pseudomyrma nests. /dustrated
New agricultural ants from-Texas ¢ 2 S 6 WickHAM, HENRY FREDERICK. On Coleoptera Found with ants. Fifth paper
Some insects of the Hudsonian zone in New Mexico. Coleoptera
UNSIGNED ARTICLES.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. — American species of Tachys; Gryllus luctuosus; dark larvae of Papilio polyxenes; orthopteran fauna of Europe and the United States, 23. Election of officers; double cocoon of Samia cynthia, 41. Election of members; Orthoptera of New Eng- land; development of the wings in the potato beetle, 95. A moth raised ;
413,
Dichromorpha viridis in eastern Massachusetts ; Euptoieta claudia in New England; Mantis religiosa in America; a new mimetic acridian ; Cyphoderris monstrosa; note of the katydid, 167. Annual meeting; election of officers and address of president, 179. Aleurodes citri; cave crickets ; Coenonympha in Calitornia; Enodia portlandia in New England; Miogryllus; Venation and wing folding, 311.
ENTOMOLOGY FOR THE YOUNG . : 5 c : t 3 : 6 ¢ 20 INSECT-NEURATION : : 3 ; : : 4 é 4 ; ; 2 : 47 JORDAN AND KELLOGG’s ANIMAL LIFE. 3 : : Ss . ¢ Q . 144 CORRECTION .« : c : é é : : : é ; : ‘ - I91, 300, 325 WILLEM ON APTERYGOTA . ‘ : 6 F é : . F 5 5 : 252 LITERATURE 5 : 5 6 : ; 6 3 . D 5 6 - : 300 Economic ENTOMOLOGY — . F 5 J 3 F : Z ; 6 3 5 311
Notes . ° é : : ¢ : é ; : : : ¢ - 335, 360, 393, 431 CEPHALIC MORPHOLOGY : : C c . : ¢ - : . c ow BYU
vil z 4
Pey CHE
S SOCAN ML, (Ou INNO eoii ee we [Established in 1874] Vol. 9, No. 285
JANUARY, 1900
CONTENTS
ON COLEOPTERA FOUND WITH ANTS. FirtrH Parer.— WH. F&F. Wickham. ri SYNOPSIS OF SUBFAMILIES AND GENERA OF NorTH AMERICAN TETTIGIDAE. — F. L. Hancock. .
THE ‘‘ cocoons” oR ‘‘ CASES” OF SOME BURROWING CATERPILLARS. — Caroline G. *
Soule. : : : ‘ F 5 : : : d : : : : Lire HISTORIES OF NorTH AMERICAN GEOMETRIDAE. VIII.— Harrison G. Dyar.
Lire HISTORIES OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRIDAE. IX.— Harrison G. Dyar. THE NAME Leonia. TZ. D. A. Cockerell CORRECTION OF AN ERROR. — Harrison G. Dyar.
PUBLISHED BY THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., U.S. A.
10
YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $2. VOLUME, §$s. MONTHLY NUMBERS, 2oc.
{Entered as second class mail matter]
bo
PSYCHE.
(January, 1900.
Psyche, A Journal of Entomology.
RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. JES” Subscriptions not discontinued are considered
renewed,
Jes Beginning with Fanuary, 1891, the vate of subscription is as follows: —
Yearly subscription, one copy, postpaid, $2.00 Yearly subscription, clubs of three, postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6 (1891-1893), postpaid, 5-00 Subscription to Vol. 6, clubs of 3, postpaid, 13.00
The index will only be sent to subscribers to the whole volume.
Twenty-five extra copies, without change of form, to the author of any leading article, ¢/ er-
dered at the time of sending copy, ; Free Author's extras over twenty-five in number, under same conditions, each per page, A Ic:
Separates, with changes of form —actual cost of such changes in addition to above rates. Remittances, communications, exchanges, books, nd pamphiets should be addressed to , EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.
ADVERTISING RATES, ETC. ‘TERMS CASH —STRICTLY IN ADVANCE, fxs Only thoroughly respectable advertisements will be allowed in PSYCHE. ‘The editors reserve the right to reject advertisements.
Subscribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects for exchange or desired for study, ot for cash, free at the discretion of the editors.
Regular style of advertisements plain, at the follow ing rates : —
Outside Inside
Page. Pages.
Per line, first insertion, $o.10 $0.08 Yighth page, first insertion, . F 75 .60 Quarter “ ay e 1.25 1.00 Half i * . 2.25 1.75 One = = 4.00 3.50
Each subsequent insertion one-half the above rates.
Address EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Carlstrasse 11, Berlin N. W.
CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB,
The regular meetings of the Club are now held at 7-45 P.M. on the second Friday of each month, at No. 156 Brattle St. Entomologists temporarily in Boston or Cambridge or passing through either city on that day are invited to be present.
A very few complete sets of the first six volumes of PSYCHE remain to be sold for $29.
SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass.
The following books and pamphlets are for sale by the CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB:
Burgess, E. Contributions to the anat- omy of the milk-weed butterfly, Danais archip-
pus. Boston, 1880, 16p.,2plates. . 4 T.00 Hitchcock, Edward. Ichnology of New England. Boston, 1858 . 1.50
Scudder, S. H. The earliest vipeed in: sects of America. Cambridge, 1885, 8p., 1 plate .50
Scudder, S. H. Historical sketch of the generic names Sage ee for Butterflies. Sa- lem, 1875. * .
Scudder, S. H. The pine- sah of Nace tucket, Retinia frustrana. col. pl. Boston, 1883. .25
Scudder, S. H. The fossil butterflies of
1.00
Florissant, Col., Washington, 1889 ' «, X00) Scudder, S. H. Tertiary Tipulidae, with special reference to those of Florissant. 9 plates. Philadelphia, 1894. 5 7 Pe Hele) Stettiner entomologische Zeitung, Jahrg. 43-44. Stettin, 1882-1883. 2.00 U. S. Entomological Gonniesioat nanny Report) Washington, 1885 ‘ 5 : + 12.00
SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass.
MANUAL OF N, A. DIPTERA.
Manual of the Families and Genera of North American Diptera, by S. W. Williston. Paper $2.00; Cloth. $2.25.
J. T. HATHAWay, 297 Crown St., New Ilaven, Conn.
SCRE.
ON COLEOPTERA FOUND WITH
ANS: WRT EE PAPER:
BY HENRY FREDERICK WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA.
From time to time it has been possi- ble to add a few records to those which I have published in the earlier papers of this series, but it has not been prac- ticable to make a systematic effort to work out the myrmecophilous fauna in the neighborhood of my own home. The fragmentary nature of the observa- tions is well realized —but even frag- ments may be of use to a future monog- rapher.
1. Formica exsectotdes Forel (name from Rev. P. Jerome Schmitt). A large colony of these ants has constructed a good-sized hillock of cinders by the side of one of the railroad tracks. An exam- ination of this nest, on the second of May, 1896, revealed many specimens of Hetaertius brunnipennts, Batrisus fossicauda, Anthicus melancholicus and one Jonotoma fulvipes. On April 24, 1898, I examined another hillock (in this case made of earth, with a thin covering of cinders) belonging to the same species. the earth to a depth of three or four inches, I got six Batrisus fosstcauda,
By scraping away
which seemed to be in galleries close to the surface of the mound, especially
around theedges. Three J/egastélicus
formicarius were also secured in this
hill, besides quite a lot of Azthécas The Megastilicus is an active insect and loses no time in bury- ing itself when uncovered by the inves- It most likely belongs to the group of predatory myrmecophiles.
Il. Formica fusca var. subsericea Say. This affected by Coleopterous insects, as will be seen by reference to earlier papers. A very large nest was examined in March and found to contain quite a number of /Ze¢- On the seven-
melancholicus.
tigator.
ant is much
aertus brunntpennts. teenth of April I looked again and found more of these beetles 1s well as a lot of Ptomaphagus parasitus, part of which were under a log which lay across the top of the mound while others were obtained deep down in the galleries. One Megastilicus formicarius was captured near the surface of the hillock, never before seen this
and as I had
beetle alive I searched carefully for
4 PSYCHE.
others but without success. Besides these, and some unidentified Staphylin- idae, I found an example of Thzasophila americana Fauvel MS. Later visits showed that the Hetaerius could be found as late as the middle of May, and at this time I got Batrisus fosstcauda (chiefly near edges of the nest) anda few Anthicus melancholicus.
Ill. Formica nitidiventris Em. I cannot find that any beetles are recorded from the nest of this ant, and my own observations had, until recently, been without positive result. On the fourth of last May, however, I found Cremas- tochilus harrtsiz, in the midst of a strong colony, under a piece of board, on grassy land. Records of the hosts of Cremastochilus are much to be desired, so few having been published, in spite of the undoubted status of these beetles as true guests.
IV. Lastus americanus Em. This ant frequently makes its home under leaves in the woods, or under loose bark of fallen trees, or of stumps. Since such situations are also favorite haunts of many Scydmaenidae, Pselaphidae, and Staphylinidae, it is often difficult to conjecture the true relationships of the ants to the accompanying beetles. It may not be out of place, however, to record the following captures of Cole- Pycnophus rasus. Connophron pallidum, C. capil- losulum without record of date; Baz-
optera with these ants:
risus frontal?’s in nest under bark, April 28, both this and B. elobosus in the same situation a month later;
Tmesiphorus costalis, Batrisus fron-
January 1900.
talis, Rybaxis conjuncta var. trun- caticornis from leaves covering a nest, May 29. Hurypronota discreta oc- curred on one occasion only. ALyrmo- biota crassicorn?s is often rather abun- dant in subcortical nests, and is, un- doubtedly, a true guest, as it seems not to be met with elsewhere.
V. Lastus aphidicola Walsh. Often lives in immense colonies, under large stones, on wooded hillsides, and quite frequently inhabits rotten logs, in moist forest lands, these logs being perforated A small nest, investigated on May 31, yielded Connophron pallidum. A much larger
in all directions by galleries.
one, beneath a flat stone. was infested by Ceophyllus monilis, of which I took seven specimens. These beetles walked about. carrying themselves high with a
‘‘tiptoeing”’? motion, among the im- mense swarm of ants, apparently with- out suffering molestation nor receiving
On May 8 Thad
examined a large colony occupying a
aid from their hosts.
rotting stump, and took from the gal- leries three specimens each of Adranes lecontet, Ceophyllus montlis and Bat- risus globosus, one Homoeusa expansa and sixteen Zachys ferrugineus. Vhis Tachys often, if not always, occurs with ants. Mr. Hayward has found it with them, Mr. G. Beyer once sent me several, mounted Lasius, from New Jersey; and personally I cannot recollect having met with it except in A colony of what I took to be Laséus aphidicola, but which Dr. Wasmann identifies as L. interjection?s Mayr, at home in an
with
the above mentioned nest.
January 1900.)
old stump, was sifted over on May 29, and from it I obtained Adranes lecon-
tet, Ceophyllus monil’s and Limulodes
paradoxus.
VI. Tapinoma sessile Say. This species is very common near Iowa City, but seems but very little favored by guests. I have a record of Connophron longtipenne taken with it, April 17, but the occurrence is probably acci- dental.
VII. Ponera pennsylvanica Buck. Frequently met with, but I have only a single record, Connophron clavicorne, found with this ant, April 17.
VIII. Aphaenogaster aguia Buck. Nests in the ground, the galleries open- ing in the protection of a stone or piece of wood, the latter often much pierced by the tunnels. During April and May, Limulodes paradoxus occurs abun- dantly with this species, and the little beetles may be seen running around among their hosts without any moles- tation whatever.
IX. Pogonomyrmex opaciceps Mayr. Specimens of this ant were sent me from the neighborhood of Denver, Colorado, by Mr. Ernest Ne Oslar, who writes that it is the host of Cremasto- chilus sauctus and C. knocht?, speci- have also received
mens of which I
from him. He finds the beetles with their hosts at various times, my ex- amples of sauwcéws being dated E. Denver, April ro, Berkeley, June 3, and Salida, July rr. marked Berkeley, April 8, and Chim- ney Gulch, June 18. He says of saz- céus: ‘© 1 generally find it in ant hills
The knochid are
PSYCHE. 5
but never more than one in each, at all times of the year. Last winter, just before Christmas, a friend and myself drove to a place called Parkers, twenty- five miles south of Denver, on a three days’ jack rabbit hunt, while a foot of snow lay on the ground. I kicked up four saucius from the ant hills during the three days Of
course they were dormant, and I carried
of our hunting.
them in an empty cartridge shell. By the time I got back to Denver they were all lively from the warmth of my I notice that it is difficult to
get perfect specimens of this beetle, the
pocket.”
legs often being much mutilated, sup- posedly by the ants which are large and fierce creatures.
X. Pheidole vinlandica Forel, (name from Rey. P. Jerome Schmitt). From a nest of this species I got a single specimen of Aténus montlicornis. The colony was housed under a large stone, by the roadside, in the vicinity of Nash- ville, Tennessee. The date was about the middle of August.
XI. Cremastogaster olinelata Say. Although this is one of our commonest Iowa ants and occurs in great colonies, I seldom find any beetles with it except such as are clearly casual companions. I have, however, a record of Pycno- phus rasus which may be worth saving.
All of the foregoing notes are to be considered as referring to observations made near Iowa city, unless otherwise stated. I wish to express my thanks to Mr. Theo. Pergande and to Rev. P. Jerome Schmitt for kind aid rendered in the way of identifications.
6 IPS ACI FMR. [January 1900.
SYNOPSIS OF SUBFAMILIES AND GENERA OF NORTH AMER- ICAN TETTIGIDAE.
(Based upon the synoptical table of Prof. Bolivar.)
BY J. L. HANCOCK, CHICAGO, ILL.
1 (2) Antennae filiform, rarely the last two articles before the extremity very little compressed.
2 (1) Face more or less oblique or perpendicular; median ocellus situated in front of the eyes.
3 (16) Anterior femora more or less compressed, carinate above. 4 (5) Frontal costa furculate between the eyes, the branches strongly diverging,
forming a frontal scutellum. Subfamily CLaponorinae Bol. 5 (4) Pronotum largely compressed, above completely foliaceous, rounded-angu- late, posteriorly truncate. Gen. Chorophyllum Serv.
6 (8) Antennae with twelve to fourteen articles; pronotum anteriorly truncate, or angulate, or rarely angulate produced, posterior angles of the lateral lobes turned downwards, more or less rounded, not obliquely truncate.
Subfamily Trrricinar Bol.
7 (13) Vertex advanced in front of the eyes, wider than one of them, in profile united with the frontal costa, generally angulate anteriorly.
8 (6) Antennae with twelve, rarely thirteen articles; pronotum with the dorsal front margin angulate produced, median carina cristiform, more or less arched longitudinally, median lobule of the posterior margin of lateral lobe feebly developed, sub-humeral sinus for the reception of elytra shallow.
Gen. Nomotettix Morse.
g (10) Antennae with fourteen or often thirteen articles ; pronotum generally not advanced upon the head to the eyes, median lobule of posterior margin of the lateral lobe well developed, the sub-humeral sinus quite deep.
Gen. Zettix Charp.
10 (9) Vertex a little advanced in front of eyes, equal to, or considerably wider than one of them, in profile united with the frontal costa rounded, or de- presso-rounded.
11 (12) Vertex considerably wider than one of the eyes, branches of the frontal costa more or less strongly divergent, antennae consisting of twelve to thir-
teen articles. Gen. Weotettix Hanc. 12 (1t) Vertex equal to one of the eyes, branches of frontal costa narrowly forked, straight and evenly divergent. Gen. MWerotettix Morse.*
*Given on the authority of Prof. A. P. Morse; a recently described genus in Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. vol. vii, P- 199, 1899.
January r1900.]
PSV GHP.
“1
13 (7) Vertex not advanced in front of the eyes; median carina of pronotum scarcely elevated.
14 (15) Body usually broad between the shoulders; vertex narrower or equally wide with one of the eyes; second femoral carinae more or less flexuous, or undulate, or lobate, or clypeate, very rarely straight.
Gen. Paratettix Bol.
15 (14) Vertex strongly narrowed in front, the front border nearly one-half the breadth of an eye, or less; body usually prolongate; branches of frontal costa sub-parallel, closely approximate. Gen. Telmatett/x gen. n.
16 (3) Anterior femora above distinctly and broadly sulcate ; pronotum in front produced more or less above the head, very frequently hooked, accuminate, or, to a certain extent, obtusely rounded angulate; antennae sixteen to twenty- two articles. Subfamily BarracuipInaE Bol.
17 (18) Body strongly tumid; dorsum of the pronotum convex, lightly punc- tate, lateral carinae in front of the shoulders wanting.
Gen. Paxzlla Bol.
18 (17) Body narrower; dorsum of the pronotum, between the carina rather concave, conspersed with more or less longitudinal wrinkles, lateral carinae in front of the shoulders present. Gen. JTettig¢dea Scudd.
THE ** COCOONS” OR ‘‘ CASES” OF SOME BURROWING CATERPILLARS.
BY CAROLINE G. SOULE, BROOKLINE, MASS.
From much watching of pupating caterpillars, especially of such sphin- gids and ceratocampids as go into the ground to pupate, I gradually came to doubt the exactness of the statements,
enough to give ample room for cases. Into each box I put a larva ready to pupate, and wandering in search of a suitable place. All burrowed very soon, and I left the boxes undisturbed for a few days, that no unusual condi- tion should aflect the larvae.
made in many books, that such cater- pillars spin ‘*cases” or ‘* cocoons” in
the earth inside of which they transform. Last summer I had a good supply of Protoparce celeus and carolina, Philampelus pandorus and achemon, Ceratomta amyntor,and Paonias exco- ecatus, with which I experimented. Into tin boxes I put sifted earth deep
On examining the boxes, which was very carefully done, I found, in every case, no sign of silk, and no ‘‘ case” which held together at all. 1 found an oval cavity, smooth, and large enough to hold the pupa easily, allowing free motion of the abdominal segments and
8 PSV CHEE:
even space to turn over completely. The walls of the cavity seemed pressed by the turning of the caterpillar and moistened by the sticky fluid which exudes from such larvae in the early stages of pupation. This combined fluid and pressure served to keep the earth from falling upon the caterpillar under ordinary circumstances, but a very slight touch with pencil, fingers, or stem sent the upper walls down as dirt, not as fragments of a case or of a wall.
I then put less earth in a tin and put on it a caterpillar which was ready to burrow, and watched it.
Butting its head against the earth it made a small hole, then worked the hole larger until it would admit the entire body, which the earth was not deep enough to cover.
The caterpillar then moved about in this hole, butting the sides with its head
“until there was room to spare, and the walls were packed by the pressure. Exudation had begun and the fluid was forced against the walls by the crawling and butting of the caterpillar,.so that all was absorbed by the earth.
There was no spinning whatever, nor any of the weaving motion of the head made by the caterpillar when
At first the caterpillar lay
moist.
spinning. on its venter, shortened and After a day or two it turned upon one side, curled slightly in a curve. Next it turned on the other side, then on its back, still slightly curled. Then the ends of the skin began to look empty,
and the caterpillar slowly rolled over
{January 1900.
upon the venter, and soon cast the larva skin. I repeated this experiment sev- eral times, and with different species, and always with the same result.
Dryocampa rubicunda the same results also, though much less fluid exudes from these.
I satisfied myself that with these species the cell formed for pupation could not be called either a case or a cocoon, since it could not be taken up
gave
asa whole without taking up enough of the surrounding earth to keep from it all pressure and jar, as these destroy it at once.
I tried the same plan with Dezlephila lineata, which in my former experiences has always spun a slight cocoon, like a fish-net, between leaves.
The four specimens I put into the four tins with earth, shaped cells for themselves, and did not spin at all. They did not burrow as deep as the other larvae however.
The boxes were kept tightly covered except when I was watching the cater- pillars, so that the earth was not dried too much.
The pupae were all perfect, but no better, except those of the Protoparce and C. amyntor, than those made by the other larvae pupating in tins with- out earth.
In making their cells the caterpillars did not bring earth to the surface, but merely pushed it back on all sides, so that in the tins with deeper earth there was no trace of any burrow or cater- pillar.
January 1900.
PSYCHE. 9
LIFE HISTORIES OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRIDAE. —VIII.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C.
The
is well
Calocampe undulata Linn. larva that bears this name in Europe known, having been frequently described and figured. (See Hofmann, Raup. Gross- Schmett. Eur., p. 230). The American lar- va has been described only by Fitch. Our larva differs decidedly in habit, coloration and food plant from the European one, so that it hardly seems as if they could be the same species. Newman says the European moth lays the eggs singly, or at least never adjoining each other, and the larvae are not decidedly gregarious and Hofmann does not contradict this. “he European larva hasa brown head and is gray below, brown above, faintly lined with black, the dorsal line finely edged with whitish and with a whitish stig- matal line. The food plant is willow. The following description will show how our lar- va differs : —
Eggs. Laid in a pile, nine square and four layers deep, the upper layers composed of less eggs than the lower and consequently smaller, but on one side all the layers are equal. Elliptical, strongly flattened above and below and a little so on the sides by mutual pressure, the ends rounded, the one toward the tapering side of the pile a little depressed, none truncate; reticulations flat- tened, not raised, the egg indistinctly a many-sided polygon; reticulations whitish, not very distinct. Color green, then pink- ish yellow, finally gray before hatching; size .6 x .4 x .3 mm.
Stage I. Head pale yellow, ocelli black; round, slightly bilobed, no marks; width 3 Body somewhat robust, not elongate, feet normal; ocherous yellow, all the tuber- cles distinct and broadly dark brown, large, bearing dark, swollen-tipped setae. Cervi- cal shield not cornified, concolorous, the
mm.
tubercles also brown and distinct as on the body; anal plate and anal leg plates triangu- lar, dusky. Tubercle vi absent. The larvae spun up gregariously a silky web at the tip of a leaf and fed therein.
Stage If. Head rounded bilobed, shin- ing pale yellow; width .5 mm. Body trans- lucent yellowish, tubercles large, black; a broad, shaded,
faint, narrower dorsal one.
subdorsal black band and a Shields and feet pale; setae moderate, dusky.
Stage III. Head round, full, slightly bi- lobed, shining reddish orange; width 1-1 mm. (Calculated should be .g mm.) Body thick, short, a little flattened; pale green with dorsal, addorsal and subdorsal broad, straight black lines with only narrow spaces between, the subdorsal broadest and edged with whitish below. Tubercles and spira- cles black; cervical shield pale centrally, black at the sides; anal plate and large leg- shield black; setae short, pale.
Stage IV. Head as before, shining red- dish orange; width 1.5 mm. Body as be- fore, the dorsal and addorsal lines black, their narrow interspaces forming pulveru- lent yellowish white lines on the broad dark dorsum; subdorsal line reaches tubercle iii and is edged below by a suprastigmatal, nar- row, yellowish line. Subventer dull yellow- ish with faint, pale, subventral line and rings about tubercles vii. Feet and venter pale, spiracles black ringed; anal plate and large anal leg-shields deep black; cervical shield red like the head, black on the lateral margins; tubercles black, moderate; setae rather long, fine, pale.
The larvae live till maturity gregariously within the leaves which they spin together and eat off the upper epidermis and paren-
chyma. Whole shoots may be thus spun up
10 PSYCHE.
by one brood of larvae, the leaves turned brown and withered. ‘Two broods in the year. pupa in the ground. The larva in New York and New Jersey on the wild
Winter passed as is common
{January rgoo.
cherry (Prunus serotina), its only food plant. Were this plant of any economic im- portance, this Geometrid would be classed among the injurious species.
LIFE HISTORIES OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRIDAE .—IX.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Therina athastaria Walker. The moth was determined by Dr. Hulst.
The only reference to the early stages of this species is by Dr. Packard (Therina seminudaria, Rept. ent. U. S. dept. Agr, 1886, p. 329; 5th rept. U. S. ent. comm., p. 777), who describes a pupa and gives as food plant white pine. But as this is not the food plant of Z. athasiaria, | doubted the determination. The doubt was confirmed by finding Dr. Packard’s bred moth, with his label attached, in the National Museum. It proves to be 7. fellucrdarta G.& R. There- fore the early stages of ZT. athasiar’a have not been previously referred to.
Egg. Elliptical, narrowing a little at one end, and smoothly truncate at the other, shining dark bluish green. The truncate sur- face is distinctly limited, and a little bulging centrally. Surface neatly reticulate in rounded areas, the reticulations not shiny, not elevated. Size .8 X .6 X .5mm. The color changed to a gray green, and latter to sordid pink. Apparently laid in nature in the cracks of the bark. In confinement the moth deposited them between the cover and the glass, and under some paper lying in the bottom. The eggs hatched in ten days.
Stage Z. Head large, round, dark brown, mouth region a little paler brown; setae short, stiff and pale, from minute dark tuber- width about .35 mm. Body whitish, thorax and joints 10 to 13 dorsally, and cir-
cles;
cling bands on joints 4 to g dark red-brown.
Smooth, no projections, The brown on the
thorax is a slight shading, on joints 10 to 13 bands; feet
it is in dorsal and subdorsal pale; no longitudinal bands on the central portion, faint and
brown lateral line which connects the trans-
except a very slender
verse bands. The larvae were very active, and much annoyed by the presence of others of the same species, so that many died before a few were finally induced to feed.
Stage II. Head white, a little sordid, shaded with blackish at the vertex, and sides Body
all opaque white, a little grayish, no marks,
posteriorly: eyes black; with .6 mm.
except a few tiny dark brown specks sub- dorsally centrally on the segments. In some, this forms a slender subdorsal line with a few faint dots besides. Tubercles brown; segments rather finely annulated. Setae short and pale.
Stage I17. Head 1.0 mm. As _ before. Head white with many small brown-black specks; thicker at the sides posteriorly and in the sutures of clypeus; rounded bilobed, higher and wider than joint 2. Body pale gray with a slight greenish tint, obscurely longitudinally lined with several whitish lines, and sparsely black speckled. Tuber- cles i and ii, small subdorsal shades poster- iorly on the segments, a subventral broken line, and medioventral dashes compose these speckles. Foot of joint 10, and sides of thorax darkly shaded. Anal plate rounded, not black marked. Setae obscure, pale. The larvae were still very active, and difficult to
feed.
January 1900.]
Stage IV. Head rounded bilobed, full, pale wood brown, faintly mottled with red brown, the upper tubercles black; width 1.4 mm. Body rather slender, smooth, greenish brown, faintly, finely, longitudin- ally lined with whitish, the tubercles rather broadly black marked. A subventral black- ish shade line posteriorly. The pale lines are numerous, edged finely with dark brown, crinkly and a little mottled, some of the edgings broader and blacker than the others.
Stage V. Head whitish, mottled, dotted in patches with gray, tubercles and sutures of clypeus black ; width 1.7 inm. Body green- ish white, slightly tinged with brown, a little lined and gray, as before; tubercles black, setae pale. Vari-
pale
marbled with brownish and
Shields concolorous with the body. ation in color as in the next stage. Stage VI. Head rounded, full, slightly bilobed, the clypeus small, somewhat de- pressed; width 2.2 mm. Whitish green with gray dottings over the lobes, tubercles repre- sented by black spots. Body cylindrical, smooth, uniform, colored as The bred larvae were rather brightly colored.
before.
Ground color pale, nearly all whitish green, the black dashes heavy subdorsally inter- segmentally; orange shading on the cervical shield, and in the subdorsal pale line, which is the only distinct line. The orange shad- ings are above the black dashes, which in turn border the pale line below. Anal plate orange shaded; tubercles represented by black spots. Another collected example was uniformly brownish, heavily mottled, only the subdorsal line, and a few streaks showing the whitish green ground color.
Food plant oak. The larvae are colored like the bark, and probably rest upon it. A single brood in the year, the winter passed as pupa. Larvae from Brookhaven, Long Island, N. Y. Eggs, June 12th, mature larvae not till late September or October; the de- velopment very slow.
The descriptions of the larvae of Therina are in some confusion. In the 5th report of
PS ViCILE: 11
the U. S. entomological commission are four descriptions, two of larvae on oak, and two on pine and spruce. I have shown above that the pupa described (p. 777) as ‘“ semznu- daria” should be credited to pellucidarta, and probably the pupa described.on p. 841 as ‘‘feruidaria” belongs to the same, judging from ‘the food plant. On p. 186 “ ferve- daria” is described, possibly correctly: but more probably it is /iscedlarra Gn., as the moths ‘reared from the live oak in Florida by Dr. Riley” (¢. e. Mr. Koebele) are of that species, and Abbot’s locality is southern. Following this is a description of ‘ exdropz- arta,” but obviously incorrect, as it differs totally from Goodell’s correct one, which is referred to, without comment on the marked discrepancy. The description is taken from the books of the Department of Agriculture (no. 3904), and the bred moth before me proves it to refer to fiscellar’a Gn.
The larvae of felluctdaria, athastaria,
fescellaria (and fervidaria also?) are alike
at maturity, within the normal range of variation, so that they cannot be distin- guished with certainty. As to the earlier stages, I am not yet fully informed; but hope to be able to bring out the characters
before this series of papers is closed.
THE NAME LeEonrsA.—In Psycue, Oct., 1899, p- 416, I discussed Leonia, and its ally Hornia, without rememberin’g that the name Leonia was proposed by Gray many years ago (1840) for a genus of Mollusca. There seems to be no alternative but to change the name of the meloid Leonia, so I will propose to substitute Leow¢dia,n.n. It is perhapsa matter of taste whether it is regarded as a distinct genus, or subgenus of Hornia.
T. D. A. Cockerell.
CoRRECTION OF AN Error.—In Psyche, vol. vii, p. 252 (June, 1895), I described an interesting Tineid larva, feeding on Rubus, as ** Butalis bastlarts Zell,” depending upon the supposed accuracy of the determination made for me by Prof. C. H. Fernald. The
name should be changed to Schreckenstetnia festaliella Hiibn. It will then abnormality in the genus, the larva agree-
not be an
PSV CHE.
{January 1go0.
seen a previous record of the occurrence of this species in the East. Of the other species
of Schreckensteinia, fel/cella Wals. is said
ing with the habits and appearance of the European form. (See Walsingham, Pter. Cal. and. Or., p. 1, 1880, and Meyrick, Handb. Brit. Lep., p. 690, 1895).
to live on Orthocarpus and erythrtedla Clem. in the racimes of Rhus.
I have not Harrison G. Dyar.
ANEW VOLUME OF PST CHE
begins in January, 1900, and continues through three years. ‘The subscription price (payable in advance) is $5.00 per volume, or $2.00 per year, postpaid. Numbers are issued on the first day of each month. Libraries and individuals generally ordering through subscription agencies (whéch only take annual sub- scriptions) will please notice that it is cheaper to subscribe for the entire volume at once directly of us.— Any early volume can be had for $5.00, unbound. Address Psyche, Cambridge, Mass. _ Vols. 1-8, Complete, Unbound = es =s = = = $37.00.
Vols. 1-8, and Subscription to Volume 9 = = = = $41.00.
Vol. 8 contains about 450 pp. and 8 plates, besides other illustrations.
The Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada.
With special reference to New England. By Samuet H. Scupper. Illustrated with 96 plates of Butterflies, Caterpillars, Chrysalids, etc. (of which 41 are
colored) which include about 2,000 Figures besides Maps and portraits. 1958 Pages of Text.
Vol. 1. Introduction; Nymphalidae. Vol. 2. Remaining Families of Butterflies. Vol. 3. Appendix, Plates end Index.
The set, 3 vols.,.royal 8vo. half levant, $75.00 zet.
HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., 4 Park St., Boston, Mass.
A. SMITH & SONS, 269 PEARL STREET, New York.
MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF
GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS,
Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting Boards, Folding Nets, Locality and Special Labels, Forceps, Sheet Cork, Exc. Other articles arc being added, Send for List,
Zs
A JOINTED FOLDING NET
Per GH
AQ JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY [Established in 1874] Vol. 9, No. 286
FEBRUARY, 1900
CONTENTS
On THE MATING INSTINCT IN Motus. — Alfred Goldsborough Mayer.
ENTOMOLOGY FOR THE YOUNG 3 ; . ci : : 5 : .
LIFE HISTORIES OF NorTH AMERICAN GEOMETRIDAE. X.— Harrison G. Dyar.
THE FIFTH SPECIES OF KERMES FROM MASSACHUSETTS. (lIllustrated.) — George B. King x 0 ‘ 6 : A 3 2 A
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB Tachys; Gryllus luctuosus: dark larvae of Papilio polyxenes; orthopteran fauna of Europe and the United States). 7
PUBLISHED BY THE
CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., U.S. A.
(American species of
23)
YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $2. VOLUME, $5. MONTHLY NUMBERS, 2oc.
[Entered as second class mail matter]
14
PSYCHE.
[February, 1900.
Psyche, A Journal of Entomology.
RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE, f2@ Subscriptions not discontinued are considered renewed.
BS Beginning with January, 1891, the rate of subscription is as follows: —
Yearly subscription, one copy, postpaid, $2.00 Yearly subscription, clubs of three, postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6 (1891-1893), postpaid, 5-00 Subscription to Vol. 6, clubs of 3, postpaid, 13.00
The index will only be sent to subscribers to the whole volume.
Twenty-five extra copies, without change of form, to the author of any leading article, ¢/ er-
dered at the time of sending copy, 5 Free Author's extras over twenty-five in number, under same conditions, each per page, A Ic.
Separates, with changes of form —actual cost of
such changes in addition to above rates. Remlttances, communications, exchanges, books, nd pamphlets should be addressed to
EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.
ADVERTISING RATES, ETC. TERMS CASH —STRICTLY IN ADVANCE, JX Only thoroughly respectable advertisements will be allowed in PSYCHE. The editors reserve the right to reject advertisements.
Subscribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects for exchange or desired for study, ot for cash, free at the discretion of the editors.
Regular style of advertisements plain, at the follow
ing rates : — Outside Inside
Page. Pages. Per line, first insertion, . Q » $010 $0.08 ¥ighth page, first insertion, . 75 60 Quarter “ kt mo , a 1.25 1.00 Half - ri i 6 » 225 1.75 One a MY ay . A 4.00 3.50
Each subsequent insertion one-half the above rates.
Address EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Carlstrasse r1, Berlin N. W.
CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB.
The regular meetings of the Club are now held at 7-45 P.M. on the second Friday of each month, at No, 156 Brattle St. Entomologists temporarily in Boston or Cambridge or passing through either city on that day are invited to be present.
A very few complete sets of the first six volumes of PSYCHE remain to be sold for $29.
SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass.
The following books and pamphlets are for sale by the CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB;
Burgess, E. Contributions to the anat- omy of the milk-weed butterfly, Danais archip- pus. Boston, 1880, 16p.,2plates. . 1.00 Hitchcock, Edward. Ichnology of New England. Boston, 1858 . : : 1.50
Scudder, S. H. The earliest winged in- sects of America. Cambridge, 1885, 8p., 1 plate .5o
Scudder, S. H. Historical sketch of the generic names proposed for Butterflies. Sa-
lem, 1875. 3 . 3 0 C . + 1.00 Scudder, S.H. The pine-moth of Nan- tucket, Retinia frustrana. col. pl. Boston, 1883. .25 Scudder, S. H. ‘The fossil butterflies of Florissant, Col., Washington, 1889 6 . 1.00 Scudder, S. H. Tertiary Tipulidae, with special reference to those of Florissant. 9 plates. Philadelphia, 1894. 6 + 2,00 Stettiner entomologische Zeitung. Jahrg. 43-44. Stettin, 1882-1883. . . : 2.00 U. S. Entomological Commission.—Fourth Report, Washington, 1885 5 ' G 2.00
SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass.
MANUAL OF N. A. DIPTERA.
Manual of the Families and Genera of North American Diptera, by S. W. Williston. Paper $2.00; Cloth. $2.25.
J. T. HATHAWay, 297 Crown St., New Ilaven, Conn
ES 6 El E:.
ON THE MATING INSTINCT IN MOTHS.
BY ALFRED GOLDSBOROUGH MAYER, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
{Annual address of the retiring president of the Cambridge Entomological Club, January 12, 1900.]
During the past summer the author carried out a series of experiments to determine the nature of the mating in- stinct of Callosamia promethea.
A large number of the cocoons of this moth were kindly collected for the author by W. L. Tower, Esq., in the neighborhood of Cambridge, Mass. ; and others were found by the writer at Maplewood, N. J. Altogether 449 cocoons were obtained during the win- ter of 1898-99.
remain out of doors in Cambridge
These were allowed to
where they were exposed to the winter’s cold, and then on May 5th they were taken to Loggerhead Key, one of the Dry Tortugas Islands, Fla.
This situation was most favorable for the prosecution of the experiments, for the insect does not extend south of the Carolinas, and thus the moths were separated many hundreds of miles from others of their species. Moreover Log- gerhead Key is a small sandy island, surrounded by many miles of ocean, and thus no interference with the ex- periments could come from the outside.
The cocoons were hung under the
shade of some trees, where they were protected from the direct rays of the sun. It was remarkable that all but five ofthe moths (3? and2@) issued from the cocoons during the early morn- ing hours between sunrise and eleven o'clock.
The following table will show the rate at which the moths issued from the cocoons:
Date. No. of No. of Total.|} Date. No. of No. of Total. oe e ci = SS
M’y18 1 2 3 Jne8 I I 2 TO) a 2 3 9 6 I 7 20 1 2 3 Io 13 3 16 21 I °o I It 10 x Th 22 1 o I 127, 3 10 23.0 ° ° 3°55 3 8 2Auer ° I 14 10 2 12 2 I I 2 ap ts 5 13 26%) ° ° 16 2 9 II 27 eed I 2 Tees 3 6 28 o ° ° i 4 I 5 29 2 I 3 19 2 I 3 30 0 I I 20 2 I 3 31 o oO fe) 2I 1 I 2 Junet 5 2 7p 22eet 2 3 2 6 2 8 23 «0 ° ° ch} 3 6 24.0 I 1 4 2 3 5 25 0 o ° 5 4 i 5 26 0 ° ° (uk 2 5 27 0 I I fe 2 C Total x1 65 176
16 PSYCHE.
It will be seen that 63% of the moths were males, and 37% were females.
As is well known, in this moth the wings of the female are reddish-brown in color, while in the male the wings are black; also the antennae of the male are Jarge and bushy, while in the female they are small and slender. The male possesses the ability to seek out the female even though she be at a con- siderable distance. The males usually fly toward the females in the afternoon hours between two o’clock and sunset, and it is a common thing to observe several dozen males fluttering about the place where a female is resting. In seeking the female the male flies up against the wind until he comes into her near presence, and then he often flutters to and fro in a bungling manner that for want of better words we may designate as “stupid” and ‘ aimless.” Often he may fly into the immediate neighborhood of the female, and even then he will often flutter away without having made any attempt to mate with her. At other times, however, a male will fly at once to the female, and mate with her immediately.
After issuing from the cocoon the female commonly remains quiescent for some hours until she is fertilized, after which she flies actively about, and de- posits her eggs. During her period of rest the female remains with her wings closed over her back, but when a male moth, or indeed any large object, comes near her within range of her vision she slowly and majestically opens and closes
her wings several times. The males,
[February 1900.
when resting, react ina similar manner, but they are by no means so sensitive as the females. In captivity the moth
lived from three to five days.
OBSERVATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS.
The first experiments were directed to determine whether the attracted by the sight of the female,
male was
or whether he merely perceived some odor which might emanate from her. Five females were placed in a large clear glass battery jar, having a wide epen mouth. The mouth was covered with coarse-meshed mosquito netting, thus allowing a free circulation of air between the interior of the jar and the Five males liberated about one hundred feet away from the
outside. were jar, and immediately flew to it, and fluttered about the open mouth. The jar was then inverted (placed mouth downward) and sand was_ packed around the open end, so as to prevent any escape of air from the interior of the jar. The females thus
visible through the clear glass sides of
remained _
the jar, but no scent could come from them. Under these circumstances all of the males at once flew away, and soon disappeared from sight. When the jar was turned open end up again, how- ever, all of the males reappeared, and flew excitedly aroundthe mouth. This experiment was often repeated, and The males never pay the least attention to females which are enclosed
metically sealed
always with the same result.
in a her- preserving jar of
February 1900.]
clear glass. Assuming that the males are able to see thro. gh glass which appears transparent to us, conclude that sight alone is not suffi- the
in her
we may cient to attract the male toward female, or even so retain him presence when he is within a few inches of her.
Another experiment which seems to show that the male depends solely upon scent and not at all upon sight in seek- ing out the female, may be performed as follows: A female is wrapped in loose raw cotton so as to be invisible, and yet allow some scent to emanate from her. The males then fly to the cotton and crawl over it, fluttering their wings excitedly, and grasping the cot- ton repeatedly with their abdominal claspers.
In another series of experiments the females were inclosed within a wooden box having a paper chimney arising from one end, and the other end being open and covered with mosquito net- ting. This box was so arranged that a current of air blew in through the open end, and out of the paper chim- ney. The females within were invisi- ble from the outside, and yet any scent arising from them would be carried up through the chimney into the outer air. When the males were liberated they flew to the mouth of the chimney and fluttered its neighborhood. None came to the large open end of
about in
the box into which the air was blow- I then poured some CS, in a large flat evaporating dish and placed it near the open end of the box in such a
ing.
PSYCHE. 17
manner that the fumes passed up the chimney and mingled with the scent from the female The attention to new odor and still remained fluttering
moths. males,
however, paid no the
around the chimney; nor did they seem to be distracted by the fumes of ethyl mercaptan which possesses a
Evi-
dently the scent which arises from the
most nauseating and putrid odor. female is sufficient to overcome the fumes of CS, or ethyl mercaptan, if indeed the males have any perception of the latter odors.
The entire abdomens of five females were cut off and placed upon a table, while the males were placed within a large mosquito-net cage about five feet away. liberated within five minutes of the time when the
Two males were
abdomens were cut off. They both flew to the recently severed abdo- mens and paid no attention to the abdo- men-less the repeated this experiment many times
females in CAGE el but in all subsequent trials the males paid no attention either to the severed abdomens or to the mutilated females. As far as positive results go. however, it appears that the scent which attracts the male emanates from the abdomen of the female.
When the eggs are cut out from the female she no longer attracts males, nor do the males pay any attention to the detached eggs. Dead or dying females never attract males, nor do they come to the empty cocoon from which a female has issued.
When a female has remained for
18 PSYCHE.
some time in any place she seems to impart an odor to the locality, for males will continue to come to it for at least two hours after she has left.
It is interesting to notice that the females increase in attractiveness as they become older. This was repeat- edly demonstrated as follows. Several females all of which were about six hours old were confined in a large cage made of mosquito netting, and which allowed a very free circulation of air through it. The number of females about thirty hours old were placed in another similar cage about six feet away from the cage containing the Out of thirty-seven
same
younger females. males, thirty-five came exclusively to the cage containing the older females. Of the other two males, one came to the cage holding the younger females and one divided his attention between both cages. When the females are reversed from one cage to the other the males still go to the cage containing the older females. Upon testing females thirty hours old against females fifty- five hours old, it appears that they are about equally attractive. Thus of seven males, three came to the cage holding the thirty hour old females, one divided his attention between both cages, and three came to the fifty-five hour females. It thus appears that females about six hours old are not so attractive as are females one or two days old.
Virgin females are more attractive than are fertilized females of the same
age. When the virgins are confined in
[February 1900,
one cage and an equal number of fertil- ized females are placed in another cage about five feet away from the former, the majority of the males come to the cage holding the virgin females. Thus out of eleven males eight came to the virgin females, two to the fertilized females, and one to both cages. Fer- tilized females are still quite attractive to males, however, and the males will readily mate with them. This was first observed by Miss Caroline G. Soule, in 1894, who had two female promethea moths, each one of which was mated with four males and still they remained attractive to other males. In fact as long as she remains alive and in health the female attracts nales to her.
One of my males mated four times with three females, and three others mated three times each. The males will make frantic efforts to mate with a female which is at the time coupling with another male.
The male will fly toward the female with normal eagerness even though his entire abdomen be cut off, and he will still seek the female when his abdomen is cut off, and the sides of his thorax are covered with impervious glue. It is therefore evident that the spiracles are not the seat of the organs by which the male perceives the female scent. If, however, the antennae of the male be covered with shellac, glue, paraffin, Canada balsam, celloidin, or photo- graphic paste*, he no longer seeks the
* The photographic paste used in these experiments is sold in the market under the name of Stofford’s white paste. Probably any impervious paste would serve as well.
February 1900.]
female, and will display no excitement even though he be placed within an inch of her. In five instances I dis- solved the photographic paste off in water, and in four of these cases the males readily mated with the females. Upon re-covering the antennae with the paste, however, the males again failed to display the least excitement when placed near the females.
There can be but little doubt that the organs by which the male perceives the female are situated in the antennae. Indeed, it has long been recognized that the olfactory organs of insects are found Hauser, 1880, and Kraepelin, 1883, have given excellent descriptions of the minute anatomy of these organs, and Hauser
chiefly upon the antennae.
has carried out an elaborate series of the physiological experiments to deter- He cut off the antennae of a number of species of in- sects, and found that their sense of smell was then either greatly impaired or totally lost.
mine their function.
Covering the antennae with melted paraffin gave the same re- sults. Hauser also found that when the antennae of the male Saturnia pavonia were removed the moth never makes any attempt to mate.
Packard, 1898, gives an excellent re- view of all researches relating to the anatomy and physiology of the olfac- tory organs in insects.
If the eyes of a male Callosamia promethea be covered thickly with pitch or Brunswick black * so as to preclude
*This substance is commonly used as a microscopic cement, and is of a pitchy consistency and a dense brown- black color.
PSYCHE. 19
the possibility of sight remaining, the male will still mate in a normal manner if he be placed near the females.
It will be remembered that in this moth the male is black in color, while the female is reddish brown, and in ac- cordance with the well known theory of Darwin the peculiar coloration of the male might be due to sexual selection on the part of the female. We might suppose, indeed, that the females pre- ferred dark colored males, and thus under the influence of sexual selection the males became darker and darker until the present melanic coloration had been attained. In 1897 the author showed that the melanic coloration of the male of this moth is phylogenetic- ally newer than the color pattern of the female, and this fact, as far as it goes, lends support to this theory of Dar- win’s. In order to test this hypoth- esis I cut off the wings of a number of females leaving only short stumps all the scales were care- Male wings were then
from which fully brushed. carefully glued to the stumps, and thus the female presented the appear- male. Under these cir- males mated with the
ance of a cumstances the females quite as readily as they would have done under normal conditions. I then tried the converse experiment, and glued female wings upon the males. Here however, the seemed to occur with normal frequency, and I was unable to detect that the females displayed any unusual aversion toward their effeminate looking con- sorts. It is also interesting to observe that normal males pay no attention to
again, mating
20 PS VGLHE.
the other males who display female wings. In another series of experi- ments the wings were cut entirely off of both males and females, and also all of the scales off
their bodies; and yet these shabby
were brushed looking males were readily accepted by normal females, nor could I see that normal males displayed any aversion to mating with the wingless females. We are, therefore, forced to conclude that the melanic coloration of the male has not been brought about through the agency of sexual selection on the part of the female. In this connection it is interesting to notice that Plateau, 1897, concludes that insects attracted only by the odor of flowers and not
at all by their color.
are
In conclusion it gives me great pleas- ure to express my gratitude to Miss Caroline G. Soule for advice and aid; to W. L. Tower Esq. for his kindness in collecting many cocoons of the moth; and to Dr. Robert W. Fuller who pro- vided me with reagents used in the manufacture of ethyl mercaptan. of Conclustons. — The male is positively chemotactic toward some substance which emanates from the abdomen of the female, and which he perceives through olfactory organs situated upon his antennae.
Summary
[February 1900.
Females 30-60 hours old are much more attractive to males than are young females 5-ro hours old. Vir- gin females are somewhat more attrac- tive than are fertilized ones of the same age.
The male will mate at least four times either with the same or with dif- ferent females.
Neither males nor females pay any attention to the appearance of their partners. The melanic colors of the male have not been brought about through sexual selection on the part ot the female.
LITERATURE QUOTED.
Hauser, G. 1880; Zool., Bd.
Kraepelin, K. gane der Hamburg.
Mayer, A. G. 1897; Bulletin Museum Comp. Zool. at Harvard Coll., Vol. xxx, p- 178-180, Pl. 3, Figs. 24-41.
Packard, A. S. 1898; A Text-Book of Ento- mology, p- vi+ 729, 654 Figs. Mac- millan & Co.
Plateau, F. 1897; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belgique, Tom. xxxrv, p. 601-644, 847- 8So.
Soule, Caroline G. 1894; Psyche, The jour- nal of the Cambridge Entomological Clubs Moly 7anp 5S Harvard University,
Zeitschrift fiir wissen. XXXIV, p. 367-403, 3 Taf.
1883; Ueber des Geruchsor- Gliedertiere, 48 pp. 3 Taf.,
Cambridge, Massachusetts.
ENTOMOLOGY FOR THE yYouNG.— Ginn and Co. of Boston have just issued a second series of Stories of Insect Life, by Mary E. Murtfeldt and Clarence Moores Weed, in- tended for children. It is a little reading book of 72 pages, well illustrated, and in its few chapters ranges a wide field.
A considerable portion of Blatchley’s Gleanings from Nature (The Nature Publish- ing Co., Indianapolis), intended to awaken an interest in nature in the youth of Indiana particularly, is devoted to insects and espe- cially to Orthoptera. A good many inter- esting facts may be found in it,
February 1900.)
LIFE HISTORIES OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRIDAE.
IAS ACTEM Ey 21
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON D. C.
Therina pullucidaria G. & R. A moth was submitted to Dr. Hulst for determin- ation. The larva is previously undescribed, though the pupa has been described by Dr. Packard (5th rept. U.S. ent. comm., 777, as In the following there is a small chance for error. The eggs and stage I were obtained from a moth of pudluctdaria, but the larvae would not feed. (They were not given pine, as I did not know their food plant at the time.) The rest of the life history is from larvae collected on pine, but not bred. However, I have a moth bred from pine by Dr. Packard, establishing the
seminudarta).
food plant.
Eyg Roundly elliptical, flattened above and below, a little wedge shaped from side view, perfectly rounded; one end truncate,
the truncate part bulging inits center. Neat- ly reticulate, the cell areas flattened. Pale green, somewhat grayish, shining. Size
-8X.6X 5 mm. Laid Eggs found in nature were laid on a needle
singly in captivity. of the pine ina row of two layers, seven in the lower layer, three in the upper one.
Stage f. Head round, brown black, clype- us pale ; width about .35 mm. Body slen- der, normal white, with five smoky, brown- black, transverse bands on joints 5 tog and slight narrow ones on joints 2 to 4 ; feet pale. Very similar to 7. afhasfaréa, but the color of the bands is not quite so dark and they are a little broader and connected by a narrow dark lateral line in that species.
Stage II. Wead rounded, brown black, a little mottled with pale ; width .55 mm. Body pale brown with longitudinal dark brown lines, distinct in a broad lateral band, leaving the dorsum broadly pale and the sub- ventral fold distinctly so. Venter indistinct- ly lined. Tubercles i and ii slightly brown marked ; feet all brown. A pale subdorsal
X. line is seen, edging the brown above. Rather slender, smooth.
Stage III. Wead whitish brown, a
brighter line on the face of each lobe, brown only narrowly in the sutures and on the pos- terior edge; width .8mm._ Body light sor- did green, faintly, finely lined with pale, the subdorsal line most distinct. Dorsal space crossed by dorsal and addorsal lines, tuber- cles i Lateral band double, consisting of a shade below the sub- dots, dark
venter obscurely
and ii not contrasted.
dorsal line, a few spiracles
and a subventral line; lined and with dark medio-ventral patches. Feet pale; a heavy dark subdorsal spotting on thorax.
StageIV. Head round, bilobed, whitish, dotted thickly with pale brown on the upper half and afew dark brown dots at eyes and apex of clypeus; width 1mm. _ Body pale wood brown, almost whitish, finely longi- tudinally lined. Dorsal space with three pale brown, and four whitish lines; a sub- dorsal row of streaks with slight irregular marks below and dark spiracles; a narrow subventral line. Ventral lined like the dor- sum, pale brown and whitish, and a medio- ventral series of large dark brown spots. Feet pale.
Stage V. (abnormal, interpolated) -Head 1.2 mm. Coloration as in the next stage.
Stage V. (normal) Head rounded bilobed, full; pale greenish, the tubercles and sutures marked with brown; width 1.6mm. Body smooth, uniform, pale green, a little whitish, subdorsal line obscure, whitish; dorsal space with faint pale brown linings, lateral region somewhat more appearing darker, and giving the dorsum a flattened look. Spiracles and tubercles ivdark. Ven- ter faintly marked, like the dorsum, all the markings|light. Feet pale.
distinctly so,
22 PSYCHE.
Stage VI. (abnormal interpolated) Head 1.85 mm. Coloration as in the next.
Stage VI. (normal) Head whitish, black- ish dotted, strongest in vertical suture, tu- bercles black; width 2.2 Body pale yellowish green, approaching white, marked essentially asin 7. athastarta and T. fiscel-
mm.
larta and scarcely distinguishable from them. A distinct subdorsal line of the ground color; dorsal space faintly lined with brown, irregular and crinkly; tubercles dark. Sides, to below subventral fold, with similar lines, but black and distinct, espe- cially a geminate lateral one; subventral fold pale; spiracles black. Venter pale with a pair of faint lines. Feet and the cervical shield orange tinted, except the anal feet. Food plant yellow pine. Larvae from Brookhaven, Long Island, N. Y. Eggs June 17th, mature larvae in September, the win- ter doubtless passed as pupa. Single brood- ed. This larva differs from 7. athastarra in food plant and manner of egg laying. The assumes the mature coloration at once in stage II, without any intervening pattern. The specimens before very slowly and not vigorous, as shown by
larva me grew
its having eight stages instead of the normal. It failed to pupate.
THE FIFTH -SPECIES OF KERMES FROM MASSACHUSETTS.
Kermes andret n. sp. 2 scale pyriform in shape, very convex, §mm. highand 5 mm. in diameter at its base, variable in some indi- viduals which are nearly hemispherical. Sur- face shiny. Color, light brown, with three and sometimes four, very dark brown bands, these variable in length and breadth. There are also several suffused dark brown blotchy spots and round dots, more numerous around the posterior cleft. Segmentation obscure; a median posterior keel-like prominence, which is very much wrinkled above near the
[February 1900.
region of the posterior cleft. When boiled in K. H. O. the dermis is colorless. Rostral loop dark yellow, stout, not very long. No antenna of legs observed. The larvae which were formed in the body of the 2, are yel- low, 360 micromillimeters long, 160 broad. Antenna 6 segmented, 3 and 6 about equal and longest; 1 next, then 2 and 5 are equal; Formula (36) 1 (25) 4 Antennal segments— (1)20(2)16(3)24(4)12(5)16(6)24. Segments 4.5 and6 have a short Legs short and stout. Femur with trochanter 76 Tibia with tarsus 68 long. Tarsal digitules long fine hairs with knobs: digi-
elongate oval,
which 4 is the shortest.
few hairs.
long.
tules of claw reaching a little beyond the claw. Caudal tubercles quite large, each bearing one long stout bristle (120 long), The marginal spines point backwards and about the same in length and breadth as those on
and three long stout spines (28 long).
Kermes andret.
the caudal tubercles. Rostral loop reaching beyond last pair of legs. 240 broad.
Hab. — Lawrence, Mass., on white and red oaks, Sept.9, 1899. Associated with Kermes galliformis, and found singly, not in clusters asin the latter. They are not common and the species seems to be viviparous.
Eggs oval 320 long,
Iam pleased to name this coccid in honor of Mr. Ernest André of Gray, France, who has shown me many favors in the study of Formicidae. This species appears to be very distinct from all American Kermes. It looks rather like the European A. gzbdbosus, but is not the same. It is also different from the other European species. &. fettit7 Ehrh. is somewhat similar, but is evidently distinct, being smaller, redder, with spots instead of bands. Cockerell in litt. Nov. 18, 1899.
Geo. B. King.
Lawrence, Mass.
February 1g00.]
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CLUB.
8th December, 1899. The 21roth meeting was held at 156 Brattle St., Mr. W. L. W. Field in the chair.
Mr. R. Hayward remarked at some length on the results of a recent study of the North American species of Tachys, which will form the subject of a paper soon to be published in the Transactions of the American Ento- mological Society. illustrating the more important characters.
Mr. S. H. Scudder read extracts from a letter of Mrs. A. T. Slosson mentioning her discovery of Gryllus luctuosus on or near the summit of Mt. Washington, N. H.
Figures were shown
PSYCHE, 23
He also showed specimens of the dark form of the mature larva of Papilio polyxenes recently described in Psyche by Miss C. G. Soule, remarking that it was virtually an extension of the coloring of the fourth stage into the fifth, and by the closure of the yel- low spots on the dark ground (normally open in front) recalled strikingly the markings of the European species, P. machaon, also exhibited.
He further called the attention of the Club to the striking differences between the Or- thopteran fauna of Europe and the United States. Of our 205 recognized genera, only 26 occurred in Europe, and half of these were cosmopolitan.
Published by Henry Holt & Co., New York.
Scudder’s Brief Guide to the Com- moner Butterflies.
By SAMUEL H. Scupper.
12mo. $1.25.
An introduction, for the young student, to the names and something of the relationship and lives of our commoner butterflies. The author has selected for treatment the butter- flies, less than one hundred in number, which would be almost surely met with by an in- dustrions collector in a course of ayear’s or two year’s work in our Northern States east of the Great Plains, and in Canada. While all the apparatus necessary to identify these butterflies, in their earlier as well as perfect stage, is supplied, it is far from the author’s purpose to treat them as if they wereso many mere postage-stamps to be classified and ar- ranged in a cabinet. He has accordingly added to the descriptions of the different spe- cies, their most obvious stages, some of the curious facts concerning their periodicity and their habits of life.
xi + 206 pp.
Scudder’s The Life of a Butterfly. A Chapter in Natural History for the General Reader.
By Samuet H. Scupper. 186 pp. 16mo.
$1.00.
In this book the author has tried to present in untechnical language the story of the life of one of our most conspicuous American butterflies. At the same time, by introduc- ing into the account of its anatomy, devel- opment, distribution, enemies, and seasonal changes some comparisons with the more or less dissimilar structure and life of other but- terflies, and particularly of our native forms, he has endeavored to give, in some fashion and in brief space, a general account of the lives of the whole tribe. By using a single butterfly as a special text, one may discourse at pleasure of many: and in the limited field which our native butterflies cover, this meth- od has a certain advantage from its simplicity and directness.
Guide to the Genera and Classification of the Orthoptera of North America
north of Mexico.
By SamueEL H. ScuppEr.
go pp. 8°.
Contains keys for the determination of the higher groups as well as the
(nearly 200) genera of our Orthoptera, with full bibliographical aids to further
study. Sent by mail on receipt of price ($1.00).
E. W. WHEELER, 30 Bortston STREET, CAMBRIDGE, Mass
24 IES WACIEHD {February tgoo.
AINE W VOLUME OF PSYCHE
begins in January, 1900, and continues through three years. The subscription price (payable in advance) is $5.00 per volume, or $2.00 per year, postpaid. Numbers are issued on the first day of each month. Libraries and individuals generally ordering through subscription agencies (which only take annual sub- scriptions) will please notice that it is cheaper to subscribe for the entire volume at once directly of us.— Any early volume can be had for $5.00, unbound.
Address Psyche, Cambridge, Mass.
Vols. 1-8, Complete, Unbound = = = = = - $37.00. Vols. 1-8, and Subscription to Volume Qa = = = $41.00.
Vol. 8 contains about 450 pp. and 8 plates, besides other illustrations.
The Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada
With special reference to New England. By SAMUEL H. Scupper. Illustrated with 96 plates of Butterflies, Caterpillars, Chrysalids, etc. (of which 41 are colored) which include about 2,000 Figures besides Maps and portraits. 1958 Pages of Text. Vol. 1. Introduction; Nymphalidae. Vol. 2. Remaining Families of Butterflies. Vol. 3. Appendix, Plates and Index.
The set, 3 vols., royal 8vo. half levant, $75.00 vez.
HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., 4 Park St., Boston, Mass.
A. SMITH & SONS, 269 PEARL STREET, New York.
MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF
GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS,
Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting Boards, Folding Nets, L ocality and Special Labels, Forceps, Sheet Cork, Exc. Other articles are being added, Send for List,
Z
JOINTED
o i A moioine NET
oe G Sige»
ZX IKQIOMSIN Ey (Ope) aH SVK ONL OVS OG [Established in 1874 ] Vol. 9, No. 287
MARCH, Ig00
CONTENTS
THE ORTHOPTERAN GENUS TRIMEROTROPIS. — Ferome McNeill.
te “I
PUBLISHED BY THE CAMB IR VIPKEVE ISIN IOMCOLOG TGA jie wie CAMBRIDGE, Mass., U.S.A.
YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $2. VOLUME, $5. MONTHLY NUMBERS, 2oc.
{Entered as second class mail matter]
e
PSIG:
26
(March, 1900,
A Journal of Entomology.
Psyche,
RATES Of SUBSCRIPTION, ETC.
PAYAKLE IN ADVANCE.
KEE Subscriptions not discontinued are considered
renewed,
Beginning with January, 1891, the rate of |
sudscription 1s as follows: —
Yearly subscription, one copy, postpaid, $2.00 Yearly subscription, clubs of three, postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6 (1891-1893), postpaid, 5-00 Subscription to Vol. 6, clubs of 3, postpaid, 13.00
The index will only be sent to subscribers to the whole volume.
Twenty-five extra copies, without change of form,to the author of any leading article, t/ er-
dered at the time of sending copy, 5 Free Author's extras over twenty-five in number, under same conditions, each per page, a c.
Separates, with changes of form —actual cost of such changes in addition to above rates, Remittances, communications, exchanges, books, nd pamphlets should be addressed to EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.
ADVERTISING RATES, ETC, ‘TERMS CASH —STRICTLY IN ADVANCE, J@3- Only thoroughly respectable advertisements will be allowed in PSYCHE, The editors reserve the right to reject advertisements.
Subscribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects for exchange or desired for study, xot for cash, free at the discretion of the editors,
Regular style of advertisements plain, at the follow ing rates : —
Outside Inside
Page. Pages.
Per line, first insertion, $o.10 $0.08 Yighth page, first insertion, 75 60 Quarter “ i ey. 6 D 1.25 1.00 Half ao are ¥ G6 5 ob By iris One “ ss i 3 4.00 3.50
Each subsequent insertion one-half the above rates,
Address EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Carlstrasse 11, Berlin N. W.
CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB.
The regular meetings of the Club are now held at 7-45 P.M. on the second Friday of each month, at No. 156 Brattle St. Entomologists temporarily in Boston or Cambridge or passing through either city on that day are invited to be present.
A very few complete sets of the first six volumes of PSYCHE remain to be sold for $29.
SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass.
The following books and pamphlets are for sale by the CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB:
Burgess, E. Contributions to the anat- omy of the milk-weed butterfly, Danais archip- pus. Boston, 1880, 16 p., 2 plates. .
Hitchcock, Edward. Ichnology of New England. Boston, 1858 . 2 ° 1.5
Scudder, S. H. ‘The earliest winged in- sects of America. Cambridge, 1885, 8p., 1 plate .50 Scudder, S. H. Historical sketch of the generic names proposed for Butterflies. Sa- lem, 1875. 0 : F a . . Scudder, S.H. The pine-moth of Nan- tucket, Retinia frustrana. col. pl. Boston, 1883. .25 Scudder, S. H. The fossil butterflies of
1.00
1.00
Florissant, Col., Washington, 1889 5) 2.00) Scudder, S. H. Tertiary Tipulidae, with special reference to those of Florissant. 9 plates. Philadelphia, 1894. . 2,00 Stettiner entomologische Zeitung. Jahrg. 43-44. Stettin, 1882-1883. . 5 o 2.00 U.S. Entomological Commission.—Fourth Report, Washington, 1885 ‘ . . + 2.00
SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass.
MANUAL OF N, A. DIPTERA.
Manual of the Families and Genera of North American Diptera, by S. W. Williston. Paper $2.00; Cloth. $2.25.
J. T. HATHAWAY, 297 Crown St., New Ilaven, Conn
PSY CEE:
THE ORTHOPTERAN GENUS
TRIMEROTROPIS.
BY JEROME MCNEILL, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CAL.
I have recently finished a revision of Trimerotropis Stal and as its publica- tion is likely to be somewhat delayed it has been thought best to publish the key with brief notes on the most im- synonomy the of the species. Through the kindness of the National Museum, Dr. Scudder and Dr. study the types or typical specimens of all the species described in this country
portant and localities
Bruner I have been able to
except only 7y. thalasstca. The type of this species should be in the National Museum but I have not been able to find it there. Ihave not been able to examine Saussure’s types but with a few exceptions I have satisfactorily de- termined his species. The genus is one of the largest and most difficult of Orthoptera but with a single exception it contains species of little economic
importance.
KEV TO TRIMEROTROPIS.
A
groups extending across the wing.
Tegmina plain isabelline, not banded and with spots not segregated into Frontal costa* sulcate as strongly above
as below the ocellus, its carinae continuous with the carinae of the vertex.
Pronotum with the disk flat.
exceptions occupied wholly or in part by a single row of* quadrate cells. always long with the disk greenish yellow or hyaline throughout.
tibiae never blue. . ‘
Area of the cubital forks narrow and with few
Wings Posterior AGONOZOA subg. n.
a‘. Lateral lobes of the pronotum with a dentation en the posterior part of the
lower border.
6*'. General color pale testaceous, very plain. Wings transparent without
a trace of a fuscous band.
restricted almost entirely to the middle field.
Tegmina without bands and with a very few spots
Posterior femora light on the
* Tr. coquilletti has the frontal costa mostly solid above the ocellus.
PSYCHE. {March 1900.
ioe
inner face with the usual black bands obsolete. . : HyYyALINA GROUP. flyalina un. sp. 4. General color isabelline. Wings with a definite fuscous band or at least with plain indications of such a band in the infuscated nerves of the region usually occupied by the band. Pronotum with a definite stripe extending along the sides of the disk or at least with the edges lighter than the middle. TEXANA GROUP. c}, Prozone of the pronotum bilobate when seen from the side. Median carina a raised line on the metazone. d'. Process of the metazone acutangulate. Metazone twice as long as the prozone. Fuscous band of the wings broad. Posterior tibiae dull orange... é : : . : : : Texana Brun. d*. Process of the metazone obtusangulate. Metazone not moie than one and three quarter times as long as the prozone. Posterior tibiae obscure greenish. e'. Smaller, ¢ 15 mm., 2 22 mm. long. Crest of the prozone divided into dentiform lobes. . : : , , c febell’s Sauss. e*. Larger, gf 19-23 mm., 2 27-30 mm. long. Crest of the pro- zone divided into rounded lobes. f'. Posterior lobe of the crest of the prozone plainly not so high as it is long. Posterior femora very distinctly banded on the outer face, lower sulcus light colored with two black bands. Albolineata Brun. f?. Posterior lobe of the crest of the prozone as high as it.is long. Posterior femora indistinctly banded on the outside, lower sulcus black with two light bands... : 0 ; Cristata n. sp. c”, Prozone of the pronotum not bilobate when seen from the side, and barely intersected by the sulcus and therefore straight and barely perceptibly notched Median carina cristate on the metazone and nearly as high as on the prozone. ; : 6 j : : : : Porrecta n. sp. a. Lateral lobes with no dentation on the posterior part of the lower border, or if there is a blunt tooth present, the fuscous band is weak or interrupted and the pronotum has no definite stripe along the lateral edges of the disk nor is the middle darker than the lateral borders. c : ; MariTIMA Grove. 6}. Area of the cubital forks of the tegmina occupied by more than one row of irregular cells. i c!, Wings with the median and cubital areas about equal. Larger, ¢ 26 mm., 2 34 mm. long. North American. : : Marttima Harr. c*. Wings with the median and cubital areas very unequal. Smaller, g 22 mm., 9 28 mm. long. Chilean F s Ochracetpennis Blanch.
March 1g00. IAS IACH OD 29
6%. Area of the cubital forks of the tegmina narrow, occupied by a single row of subquadrate cells. | Lower sulcus of the posterior femora black with a single preapical light band.
c!. Median carina of the metazone somewhat cristate. Fuscous band of the wings indicated only by infuscated veins or at most incomplete and continued on the posterior margin less than half way to the anal angle, spur extending more than half way to the base. . é , Gracil’s Thos.
2
e*. Median carina of the metazone distinct but merely a raised line. Fuscous band of the wings distinct and uninterrupted, continued on the posterior border much more than half way to the anal angle, spur extending less than half way to the base. : ; ; . Cogutlletti n. sp.
A*, Tegmina fasciate, with solid well defined bands reaching at least half way
across the wing from the anterior margin, or by the segregation of annular spots,
fasciae sometimes faint on account of the slight contrast between them and the ground color. Rarely the tegmina are not fasciate, then they are evenly macu- late with fuscous annuli and the wings are broad with the apical halt fuscous or fuliginous. Frontal costa generally sulcate above the ocellus for a short distance only, below the vertex rounded and punctate. Pronotum with the disk usually elevated and subtectiform on the prozone. Area of the cubital forks broad, occu- pied by several rows of irregular cells A : TRIMEROTROPIS subgenus. a}. Wings with the disk yellow or fuscous band or cloud.
ereen, never blue and never without a 6), Hind tibiae never blue. Vegmina with the basal and median bands solid, approximately equal to each other and to the light bands just beyond with which they alternate, and confined to a little more than the anterior
half : 5 P ; ; : : : c ; CINCTA GROUP. c!. Front of the head with two black bands extending between the eyes. one above and one below the basal joint of the antennae. Cincta Vhos.
c*. Front of the head with no black bands extending between the eyes
Juliana Scudd. 6°. Wind tibiae frequently blue. Tegmina not as in the alternative. cl. Tegmina* fasciate through the uneven distribution of maculations or by well-defined clouds or bands. If the tegmina are the first kind then the outer half of the wing is not infuscated and the lower sulcus of the hind femora are black with a single preapical light-band.
@d'. Posterior tibiae blue : ; ‘ ; CoERULEIPES GROUP.
e!. Lateral lobes of the pronotum with the posterior angle rounded,
* Tr. agrestis with a broad fuscous band and red hind tibiae must be included here though the tegmina are almost des- titute of spots.
30
IAS ACHES, [March rgoo.
without a downward projecting tooth. Disk of the wings greenish or yellow. f:. Lower sulcus of the posterior femora black with a single pre- apical light band. g}. Wings with the apical half hyaline, neither fuscous nor fuliginous except at the extreme tip. Bands of the tegmina plainly formed by the aggregation of smaller maculations. Caeruletpes Scudd. g?. Wings with the apical half fuliginous and fuscous, nowhere entirely hyaline. Basal and median bands solid and well-defined at least on the anterior half. ° A‘. General color light, punctate with fuscous. Tegmina conspicuously fasciate and punctate with fuscous. Disk of the wings semiopaque, yellowish green, beyond mostly fus- cous. 6 : : : 6 5 0 Tessellata n. sp. h*. General color fuscous, nearly plain. Tegmina plain fuscous with two pale bands. Wings with the disk transparent greenish yellow, beyond mostly fuliginous. Cadég¢nosa n. sp. f?. Lower sulcus black with two light bands on the apical half, or (through the fading of the fuscous base) light with one preapical black band. 91, Ground color white. Tegmina white with three narrow
fo} black bands. Scutellum of the vertex very shallow with a very indistinct median carina. 2 : : Albescens n. sp.
g?. Ground color brown or gray never white and with only the basal and median bands well defined. A*. Scutellum of the vertex with a median carina. Posterior field of the tegmina not plain, with spots or fascia. 7. Bands of the tegmina not weakening posteriorly, in the posterior field not broken up into spots. Scutellum of the vertex no longer than broad even in the male. Bifasctata Brun. z*. Bands of the tegmina weakening posteriorly, in the posterior field broken up into spots. Scutellum of the ver- tex much (2) ora little (9) longer than broad. Ferruginea n. sp. A*. Scutellum of the vertex deeply sulcate with no median carina. Posterior field plain without spots or fascia. Koebeld? Brun.
e*. Lateral lobes of the pronotum with the posterior angle furnished
March 1900. } PSV CELE. 3]
oO
with a minute downward projecting tooth. Disk of the wings sea-
green : : : : : : : : Thalassica Brun. d*. Posterior tibiae red or orange. e'. Lateral lobes of the pronotum without a tooth on the posterior part of the lower border. Jf}. Scutellum of the vertex moderately broad but plainly less than the short (¢) or long (9) diameter of the eye. Posterior femora with the disk of the inner face yellow or red with three black bands, one apical, one preapical and one median, the latter may extend, as a stripe, toward the base, but the inimediate base is very rarely black, rarely the whole inner face may be suffused with fuliginous, obscuring the markings. CirRINA GROUP. g. Disk of the metazone of the pronotum plainly lighter than the prozone, generally reddish brown in color and smooth except for a few large scattered generally black granules. Pos- terior femora chiefly red on the inner side. A}. Lower sulcus as well as the inner face chiefly red with no fuliginous suflusion obscuring the fuscous bands or spots. Monticola Sauss. h”. Lower sulcus of the posterior femora black or fuliginous. Median carina slight but distinct. . Campestrzs Brun. Ms. g?. Disk of the metazone not as in the alternative. A‘. Median and basal bands of the tegmina solid and not plainly formed by the grouping of spots. Z!. Bands of the tegmina conspicuous. j'. Process of the metazone acute. &1*. Median carina of the scutellum of the vertex dis-
tinct : : : : : 0 Bruneri nv. sp. &*, Median carina wanting. c Fascicula n. sp. j*. Process of the metazone decidedly obtuse.
Pracclara n. sp. z*. Bands of the tegmina dim, color testaceous, plain. Met- azone with its process acute. . : Modesta Brun. h*. Median and basal bands of the tegmina obviously made up of fuscous annuli. Process of the metazone obtuse. Citrina Scudd. f*. Scutellum of the vertex equalling the short (g¢) or long (9?) diameter of the eye. Posterior femora with the disk of the inner
face black with one or two light bands on the apical half. Fuscous band of the wings at least one fourth the length of the wings in
width. LATIFASCIATA GROUP.
IBSIACIEMD., {March 1goo.
g'. Posterior femora with two light bands on the inner face. Process of the metazone obtusangulate with the tip rounded. A‘. Median carina of the scutellum of the vertex wanting. Median carina of the metazone of the pronotum elevated and very distinct . : ‘ E : Latifasciata Scudd. h*. Median carina of the scutellum of the vertex distinct. Median carina of the pronotum nearly obsolete on the meta-
zone : : : : : : : Laticincta Sauss. eg. Posterior femora with one light band on the inner face.
Process of the metazone of the pronotum acutangulate with the tip sharp, 2. Basal half of the wings yellow. 21, Outer half of the wings infuscated. Tolteca Sauss. z*. Outer half of the wings not wholly infuscated but the apical hyaline part nearly as broad as the fuscous band. Pistrinarta Sauss. A#*. Basal one sixth of the wings yellow, apical one sixth hyaline, remaining two-thirds occupied by the fuscous band. Melanoptera n. sp. e*. Lateral lobes of the pronotum with a tooth on the posterior part of the lower border... 3 : : : CALIFORNICA GROUP. jf‘. Tegmina conspicuously banded or at least with the fuscous punctations well separated into three groups. g'. Pronotum with a light stripe on either side of the disk. Fuscous band of the wings narrow, about one seventh of the length of the wing in width. . : ; Californica Brun. g>. Pronotum quite plain on the disk. Fuscous band of the wings broader, one sixth or one fifth the length of the wing in width. A}. Metazone of the pronotum twice as long as the prozone, with the process acutangulate. . ; - Strenua n. sp. i>. Metazone of the pronotum once and a half as long as the pronotum with the process obtusangulate Montana Brun. Ms. f°. Vegmina with scarcely a trace of the usual bands, but with a few scattered spots on the basal half, the rest almost plain. Agrestis n. sp. d@*. Posterior tibiae yellow green or brown. e'. Lateral lobes of the pronotum with a tooth on the posterior part of the lower margin. : : Pacirica Group. facéfica Brun.
March 19c0.]
IBSVACHE UD: 33
e*. Lateral lobes of the pronotum without a tooth. Tegmina dis- tinctly or conspicuously banded except sometimes in dark colored specimens, where the contrast may be slight; fascia large and though irregular in shape semisolid and something more than aggregations of fuscous spots. Wings yellow or greenish yellow at the base with a distinct fuscous band. Posterior femora with the disk of the inner face black with two light bands. . : : VINCULATA GROUP. J‘. Lower sulcus of the posterior femora light with one preapical black band or black with two light bands, one preapical and one median, the latter not merely interrupting the black on the edges of the sulcus but in the bottom as well. 2}. Fuscous band in its usual position in the middle of the wing. Spur extending less than half way to the base. General color dark fuscous brown permitting little contrast in the bands of the tegmina. 4 '!, Metazone scarcely more than one and a half times as long as the prozone. Fuscous band of the wings very broad occupy- ing nearly one third the length of the wings. = Sa//za Brun. Ms. h®. Metazone twice as long as the prozone. Fuscous band rather narrow, occupying no more than a sixth or seventh the
length of the wings. : ; 5 é Svmil’s Scudd. g?. Fuscous band entirely beyond the middle of the wing, making
the length of the disk equal to the width, fuscous spur extending more than half way to the base. Bands of the tegmina contrasting strongly with ground color and very conspicuous. Pallidipennis Burm. f?. Lower sulcus of the posterior femora black with one preapical light band.
@. Posterior tibiae yellow or greenish, never brown. A‘. Pronotum unusually short not (2) or a very little (2) longer than wide. Size small, less than 20 mm. (@) or about As mes (Ne : ; : : : -Collarts n. sp. 4°. Pronotum not unusually short, considerably longer than wide even in the female,
7'. Fuscous band very narrow and interrupted, spur acute extending more than half way to the base. Process of the metazone acute. Size small, 20 mm. (@), 25mm. (9).
Fratercula n. sy. 7*. Fuscous band broad or when narrow distinct and unin- terrupted.
LESS AGI FUE, {March 1900 - j'. Metazone twice as long as the prozone with the process acute. Wings long, barely less than twice as long as wide. Fuscous band narrower, at most not exceed- ing one sixth the length of the wing. Lower sulcus of the posterior femora with the black not almost severed by the median light band. 5 : Vinculata Scudd. j- Metazone less than one and three quarter times as long as the prozone, with the process rectangular. Wings shorter, being considerably less than twice as long as wide. Fuscous band equal in width to a fourth or a fifth the
length of the wing. Lower sulcus of the posterior femora with the black almost severed by the median light band ; : : : . : Saxatili’s n. sp.
g”. Posterior tibiae brown with a pale subbasal annulus. Size small. Wing very broad, less than one and one half times as long as broad. : ; : ; : 5 Pilosa n. sp. c*. Tegmina thickly punctate with evenly scattered fuscous annuli, con- trasting little with the fuscous background and not or very rarely collected into groups forming bands. Wings broad with the outer half infuscated or fuliginous, rarely only the tip of the apical part and the veins beyond the fuscous band are infuscated. . E : FALLAX GROUP. d@'. Posterior tibiae blue with a light sub-basal annulus or at least a brownish spot on the exterior face. e1, Tegmina evenly maculate with at the most faint traces of bands. Process of the metazone acutangulate at least in the male. Frallax Sauss. e*, Tegmina plainly fasciate by the unequal distribution of fuscous annuli. Process of the metazone obtusangulate even in the male.
Nubila n. sp.
d*. Posterior tibiae not blue and without a pale sub-basal annulus. el, Portion of the wing beyond the fuscous band either fuscous or fuliginous, spur reaching half way to the base. Conspersa n. sp. e*. Portion of the wing beyond the fuscous band hyaline, spur reaching two thirds the distance to the base. Variegata nu. sp.
a”. Wings entirely hyaline without fuscous band and colored disk or the latter blue with the fuscous band distinct or indicated by infuscated nerves and cells. Fascia of the tegmina never solid but obviously made up of fuscous annuli often imperfectly segregated.
6'. Fuscous band present. Disk blue. Posterior tibiae blue with a light
sub-basal annulus CAERULEIPENNIS GRoUP,
ee.
March 1g00.}
c!, Prozone of the pronotum strongly elevated and _ bilobate. the wings faintly tinged with blue.
PSYCHE. 35
Disk of Fuscous band narrow and indistinct. Caeruler‘pennis Brun.
c*. Prozone of the pronotum very little elevated and scarcely bilobate.
Disk of the wings deep blue.
6%. Fuscous band wanting. The wing entirely hyaline.
obscure greenish or brown.
one preapical black band.
Fuscous band broad and distinct.
Cyanetpennis Brun. Posterior tibiae
Posterior femora with the disk of the inner face black with two light bands on the apical half.
Lower sulcus light with AZURESCENS GROUP.
c!. Scutellum of the vertex broad, scarcely longer than broad and about
equal in width to the diameter of the eye as seen from above.
the metazone acute
Process of Azurescens Brun.
c*. Scutellum of the vertex narrow, plainly longer than broad and much
less than equal in width to the diameter of the eye as seen from above.
d'. Process of the metazone rounded. from the fuscous points of the immediate base.
than 20 mm. long
d@*. Process of the metazone sharp.
not distinet from the spots of the immediate base.
than 20 mm. long
Of the fifty-four species enumerated in the preceding key twenty-four are new. Sixteen species are confined to California as follows: hyalina, redellis, albolineata, porrecta, coqguillett:, cal- fetnosa, albescens. koebelet, thalassica, californica, pacifica, pilosa, fallax, conspersa, vartegata, and pseudofas- ctata. Three others are confined to United caeruletpes, bifasciata and Three are found east of the
the Pacific coast within the States: stmilis. Mississippi: marztima. saxatilis and cttrina. Vhe last mentioned extends from the Rocky Mountains to Mary-
land. The first mentioned is restricted
to the Atlantic coast and the shores of
the Great Lakes and saxa?¢¢//s is found
Basal fuscous band distinct Larger, male more Pseudofasciata Scudd.
Basal fuscous band of the tegmina Smaller, male less Lauta Scudd.
in northwest Arkansas and southern Illinois. Five species are not found within the limits of the United States. These are fo/teca, ochracetpennts, pal- lidipennts, lauta and collarts. The remaining species, twenty-seven, belong to Rocky Mountain States. A/onticola Colorado into Mexico and pistrinaréa from Texas into Mex- ico. Cvncta ranges from California to
extends from
Texas. TZexana ranges from Texas to
New Mexico; créstata trom Lower California to Salt Lake Valley, Utah; latifasciata from Utah to Washington ; caeruletpennits from California to Wy- oming. Three species, sa/7na, agres- tis. praeclara are confined to Nebraska ;
three also, vwh7la, modesta and melan-
10)
optera to New Mexico; two, frater-
cula and campestris to Wyoming. The changes in synonomy are not
great, a few of the most important may
IES ACTEOE.
{March tgoo.
Cincta Thos. is not the species as understood by Saussure and_ others, which was probably vézcu/ata Scudd. I have considered perpflexa Brun. a
be noted. synonym of azarescens Brun.
Thos. as synonym of jaléana Scudd.
I have considered fortana
A NEW VOLUME OF PSYCHE
begins in January, 1900, and continues through three years. The subscription price (payable in advance) is $5.00 per volume, or $2.00 per year, postpaid. Numbers are issued on the first day of each month. Libraries and individuals generally ordering through subscription agencies (which only take annual suéb- scriptions) will please notice that it is cheaper to subscribe for the entire volume at once directly of us.— Any early volume can be had for $5.00, unbound. Address Psyche, Cambridge, Mass.
Vols. 1-8, Complete, Unbound = = = = = = $37.00.
Vols. 1-8, and Subscription to Volume 9 = = = = $41.00.
Vol. 8 contains about 450 pp. and 8 plates, besides other illustrations.
A. SMITH & SONS, 269 PEARL STREET, New York. MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF
GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS,
Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting Boards, Folding Nets, Locality and Special Labels, Forceps, Sheet Cork, Etc. Other articles are being added, Send for List,
A JOINTED FOLOING NET
Guide to the Genera and Classification of the Orthoptera of North America north of Mexico. By SamueL H. ScuppeEr.
go pp. 8S. Contains keys for the determination of the higher groups as well as the
(nearly 200) genera of our Orthoptera, with full bibliographical aids to further
study. Sent by mail on receipt of price ($1.00).
E W. WHEELER. 30 BoyLsTon STREET, CAMBRIDGE, Mass
Imp. 8vo., Pp. xx -+ 382. 25 species. 183 figures in text
45 colored plates with over
THE BUTTERFLY BOOK 5 Indispensable to collectors and
1,090 figures representing students of entomology. $3.00 net, sent postpaid upon receipt of price. Address: W. J. Hortanp, LL.D., Pittsburg, Pa.
Subscribers to Psyche in arrears will confer a favor by prompt payment of bills.
ge Sate
[Established in 1874 ] Vol. 9, No. 288
APRIL, Ig00
CONTENTS
A NEW BLEPHAROCERID (Illustrated) — Vernon L. Kellogg 6 : : :
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB (Election of officers; double cocoon of Samia cynthia ) 2 : : : : . A i
A New TETTIGIAN GENUS AND SPECIES FROM SOUTH AMERICA (Illustrated) — F.L. Hancock . 0 5 ; : ; : G , , : 5 : ;
TABLE OF NoRTH AMERICAN KERMES, BASED ON EXTERNAL CHARACTERS — 7. D. A. Cockerell . a n : A f . , ; a , ; :
THE SPECIES OF THE OEDIPODINE GENUS HELIASTUS, OCCURRING IN THE UNITED Srates— Samuel H. Scudder
INSECT-NEURATION
PUBLISHED BY THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., U.S. A.
45 47
YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $2. VOLUME, $5. MONTHLY NUMBERS, 20c
[Entered as second class mail matter]
38
PSV GEE.
{April 1900
Psyc he, A Journal of Entomology. |
RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION,
ADVANCE.
SING: PAYABLE IN
PES Subscriptions not discontinued are considered
renewed,
Beginning with January, 1891, the vate o anaes } » E 4 subscription 1s as follows: —
Yearly subscription, one copy, postpaid, $2.00 | Yearly subscription, clubs of three, postpaid, 5.00 | Subscription to Vol. 6 (1891-1893), postpaid, 5.00 | Subscription to Vol. 6, clubs of 3, postpaid, 13.00
The index will only be sent to subscribers to the whole volume.
Twenty-five extra copies, without change of form, to the author of any leading article, 2/ e7- dered at the time of sending copy, Free
Author's extras over twenty-five in number, under same conditions, each per page, 3 3C*
Separates, with changes of form —actual cost of such changes in addition to above rates.
Remittances, communications, exchanges, books,
nd pamphlets should be addressed to
EDITORS OF PSYCHE, | Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. |
ADVERTISING
‘TERMS CASH —STRICTLY IN ADVANCE.
ZT Only thoroughly respectable advertisements
will be allowed in PSYCHE, The editors reserve the right to reject advertisements.
RATES, ETC. | a
Subscribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects for exchange or desired for study, ~ot for cash, free at the discretion of the editors,
Regular style of advertisements plain, at the follow ing rates : —
Outside Inside
Page. Pages. Per line, first insertion, fo.1o $0.08 | Yighth page, first insertion, 75 60 | Quarter “ st at 1.25 1.00 Half ca He a = 2.25 ~ 1.75 One @ e a 5 4.00 3.50
Each subsequent insertion one-half the above rates,
Address EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.
Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN,
Carlstrasse 11, Berlin N. W.
CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB.
The regular meetings of the Club are now held at 7-45 P.M. on the second Friday of each month, at No. 156 Brattle St. Entomologists temporarily in Boston or Cambridge or passing through either city on that day are invited to be present.
A very few complete sets of the first six volumes ot PSYCHE remain to be sold for $29.
SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas.,
Cambridge, Mass.
The following books and pamphlets are for sale by the CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB:
Burgess, E. Contributions to the anat- omy of the milk-weed butterfly, Danais archip- pus. Boston, 1880, 16 p., 2 plates. 1.00 Hitchcock, Edward. Ichnology of NeW England. Boston, 1858 1.50
Scudder, S. H. The earliest winged in- sects of America. Cambridge, 1885, 8p.,1 plate .50 Scudder, S. H. Historical sketch of the
generic names proposed for Butterflies. Sa- lem, 1875. D . 0 6 . . + 1.00 Scudder, S.H. The pine-moth of Nan- tucket, Retinia frustrana. col. pl. Boston, 1883. .25 Scudder, S. H. The fossil butterflies of Florissant, Col., Washington, 1889 . - 1.00 Scudder, S. H. Tertiary Tipulidae, with special reference to those of Florissant. 9 plates. Philadelphia, 1894. + 2,00 Stettiner entomologische Zeitung. jets. 43-44. Stettin, 1882-1883. 5 : 6 2.00 U.S, Entomological Commission.—Fourth Report, Washington, 1885 5 : . +. 2.00
SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass.
MANUAL OF N. A. DIPTERA.
Manual of the Families and Genera of North American Diptera, by S. W. Williston. Paper $2.00; Cloth. $2.25.
J. T. HATHAWay, 297 Crown St., New Ilaven, Conn
Fea © EEG,
A NEW BLEPHAROCERID.
BY VERNON L. KELLOGG,
The family of Blepharoceridae, as at present known, includes about fifteen species of nematocerous Diptera, of This interest is caused by the rarity of speci- mens in
unusual interest to entomologists. collections, by the unique structural condition of the larva, by the strange, although as yet imperfectly known, life history and habits, «and finally by the peculiar accessory vena- tion and suggestive structural character of the mouthparts and “compound eyes of the imagines.
In the summer of 1895, Mr. R. W. Doane, at that time collecting for me in the vicinity of this University (Stan- ford), took two females and a male of a Blepharocerid species. I have only recently given these specimens any attention other than the rather unkind one of removing the heads of two (the male and one female) in order to study their mouthparts. A recent examina- tion of the specimens reveals the fact that they are representatives of an unde- scribed species which may be assigned to Low’s genus Liponeura (Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1844, vel. v, p. 118).
*See Kellogg, Notes on the Life-history and Structure of Blepharocera capitata Low; Ent. News, 1900, vol. X, PPp- 305-318.
STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIF.
The new species may be described as follows:
Liponeura doanet n. sp. Female; length 6 mm., length of wing 74 mm.; very pale brown, 14-seg- mented and rising from a prominence which
almost clayey; antennae
Fig. 1.
g Mouthparts of Léponeura doanet
n. sp.
might be construed to be a basal antennal segment; eyes broadly separated, and with no indications of bisection, the facets being
10 JERS YA CIA,
all of the same size: the mouthparts (fig. 1) long (distinctly longer than in Blepharocera, for example) and composed of long slender flattened well chitinized mandibles with the apical two-fifths of the inner margin finely serrate, and inserted farther back on the head than the other mouthparts; of maxillae consisting of slender flattened tapering blade- like terminal lobes and long five-segmented palpi; of elongate simple labium consist- ing of basal portion and one pair of free terminal lobes; and of slender elongate flat- tened labrum epipharynx and hypopharynx ; wings with venation (fig. 2) showing the fol- lowing characters (given first in the nomen- clature used by Comstock and in following parentheses in the nomenclature used by Osten Sacken in the latest revisional paper
Ca Ch
Fig. 2. Venation of Lzfoneura doanei n. sp.
of the Blepharoceridae) ; vein M, independ- ent, i. e. without connection with M or any other vein (an incomplete vein running into the posterior margin between veins 4 and 5); veins R, and R, coalesced to the margin (vein 2 simple, unbranched) ; a medio-cubital cross (a cross-vein between veins 4 and 5); veins R,4, and R,+, separating at the origin of the radio- medial cross vein (the sub-marginal cell sessile); the radial sector springing from R by two roots (the cross between veins 1 and 2 Y-shaped, that is the anterior half of it divided, enclosing a small triangu- lar cell); sub-costa wanting or with only a
principal
vein
vein
*Osten Sacken C. R. Contributions to the study of the Liponeuridae Loew (Blepharoceridae Loew, o/i#) Berl. Ent. Zeitsch. 1895, Bd. xl, pp. 148-169.
| April 1g00
basal rudiment present (auxiliary vein want- ing or with only a basal rudiment present). Wings clear, with strong iride scent reflec- tions. about equal length, the hind tibiae bearing a single terminal spur, the other tibiae with- The tarsal claws are large, thick and strong with curved pointed tip, thickly
The legs are long, the three pairs of
out spurs. pectinate except at the tip. The external genitalia consist of a pair of flattened tri- angular dorsal plates.
Male. the female.
The male is slightly smaller than As the head of the only male specimen was destroyed in the dissection of the mouthparts before any examination of the specimen was made, it cannot be said whether the eyes are like those of the female or not; mouthparts like those of the females
except that the mandibles
are wholly lacking. Wings
and legs like female. The ys conspicuous parts of the external genitalia are a pair of large articulated claspers, a broad ventral plate, and a smaller dorsal plate.
& Rar 3
Described from two females and one male, taken by R. W. Doane, July 24, 1895, on the banks of a small stream in the Santa Cruz Mts. at Congress Springs, Santa Clara County, California.
The new species can readily be grouped with the four other known species assigned to the genus Liponeura in Osten Sacken’s* paper. The new form has in common with the other four species an incomplete vein running into the posterior margin of the wing between veins 4 and 5, a simple (un-
* Osten Sacken C. R. loc. cit
April 1900.]
branched) second longitudinal vein, and eyes separated by a broad front. Within the genus, the new form agrees with d2/obata Léw and yosemite O. S. in possessing a cross vein between veins 4 and 5, and finally resembles btlobata in having the sub-marginal But it differs from éz/obata (as from all other Blepharoceridae) in having the radial sector springing from
cell sessile.
two roots (the base of the second longi- tudinal vein forked) so that a small tri- angular cell is formed behind KR, (first longitudinal vein).
The only other Blepharoceridae so far known from the Pacific Coast are Blepharocera ancilla O. S$. (Cali- fornia) and L¢foneura yosemite O. S. (Yosemite Canon, California), from both of which the new species differs sharply in the character of the eyes and venation.
Unfortunately I have not been able vet to find the immature stages of the new species, so can add nothing to our incomplete knowledge of the interest- ing life-history of the members of the family.
One of the moot points regarding the biology of the Blepharoceridae is
IES) (Os ald, 4]
that of the dimorphism of the female. Fritz Miiller’s statement that there are two kinds of females of Paltostoma torren- tium (Brazil), one
I have elsewhere * referred to
kind mandibles and being blood-sucking, the other kind having no mandibles nectar-sucking. | Osten Sacken deems the evidence of dimor- Of twenty-three Blepharocera capitata Léw taken by me at Ithaca, N. Y., no one was
and
being
insufficient. females of
phism
without mandibles, nor was there any other difference appar- ent. Most of these specimens were taken just as they were issuing from the pupal skins on various days, in various parts of the stream, so the crit- icism that one kind of female might possess habits rendering it more likely to be caught than the other, will not hold in this instance. It seems to me probable that there is no dimorphism of the females of Blepharocera capi- tata Low. In the case of the new Californian species I can only say that both females (the only ones so far taken) agree in possessing mandibles, and in all other characters.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CLUB.
12 JANUARY, 1900. The 211th regular and 23d annual meeting (since incorporation) was held at 156 Brattle St., Mr. W. L. W. Field in the chair.
Reports from the several officers were received and the following officers elected for the ensuing year:— President, J. W. Folsom; secretary, Roland Hayward; treas- urer, Samuel Henshaw; librarian, Samuel H. Scudder; members at large of the executive committee, A. S. Hewins and A. P. Morse.
The address of the retiring president, A. G. Mayer, on the mating instinct in moths was next read. (See Psyche for Feb- ruary.) Much discussion followed, in which all present participated.
Mr. W. L. W, Field spoke of a cocoon of Samia cynthia which he had seen contain- ing two pupae. In outward appearance, however, it showed no apparent difference from a normal cocoon of that species.
*Kellogg, loc. cit.
t2 IDS SACIENE
[April 1509.
A NEW TETTIGIAN GENUS AND SPECIES FROM SOUTH AMERICA.
BYanee
de- America undoubt-
The curious Tettigian here scribed from South
edly belongs to the subfamily Batra-
chidinae or Section VI of Professor 3olivar. From the. group of which
Tettigidea Scudder, and Paxilla Bolivar, form a part it is distinguished by the
absence on the vertex of the frontal
carina; the latter structure is repre- sented, however, as a rudiment in the form of very small abbreviated lateral
elevated ridges a little anterior to the It is last
supra ocular lobes of the head.
the peculiar shortening of the
article of the posterior tarsus coincident ‘with a lengthening of the first article which is specially characteristic in this
new genus. ‘These differences will neces-
sitate a slight modification of existing tables of genera to receive it.
PAUROTARSUS gen. nov.
Body moderately long, slender, rugose. Face distinctly rounded anteriorly, slightly declined below. Vertex wide, considerably broader than one of the eyes; with a very small supra ocular lobe, on each side, sep- arated behind from the broadened occiput by a little oblique fissure, front incompletely carinated; on each side close to the anterior inner border of the eyes, is a minute abbre- viated, slightly converging carina, the space between these little latero-frontal carinae of the vertex obtusely sloping off in front; very thin, slightly protuberant above, fusing with the smooth frontal costa.
mid-carina abbreviated and
In profile the head presents a distinctly
HANCOCK, CHICAGO, ILL.
rounded protuberant outline; as seen in front the frontal costa is strongly furcate, the branches widely and evenly diverging median ocellus.
Eyes of moderate size, compresso-subtrian-
in their descension to the
gular in outline; ocelli distinctly showing in front of and a little above the middle of the eyes. Antennae (incomplete) slender, filiform, inserted in front of the eyes between the superior ocelli and the anterior inferior border of the eyes; apical article of maxillary palpi strongly ampliato-compressed. Pro- notum scarcely convexed between the shoul- ders, anteriorly truncate, posteriorly long subulate, the pronotal process extending be- yond the posterior femora; posterior border of lateral lobes feebly sinuate, the subhu- meral sinus for the insertion of the elytra shallow. Elytra narrow; wings completely developed, extending beyond the Anterior
process. femora slender, sulcate above; middle femoral carinae straight; external pagina of posterior femora rather rugose, the third article of the posterior tarsus very small, being less than one half the length of the first article, pulvilli subequal in length, straight below.
Paurotarsus amazonus Sp. Nov. ib, 1c; 1d, 7e.
Body rugose, fuscous, first and second femora clouded with fuscous, tibiae annulated with fuscous. Vertex slightly tumid, nearly twice the breadth of one of the eyes, on each side provided with a small supra ocular lobe, divided behind from the broadened occiput by a minute oblique fissure, and just anterior to the supra ocular lobes are little abbreviated, slightly converging latero- frontal carinae which are separated anteri- orly, apart about the width of one of the eyes, here the front is obtusely sloped off and not transversely carinated, mid-carina abbreviated, a little produced above, coalesc-
Fig. ta,
April 1900.)
ing anteriorly with the frontal costa; fron- tal costa strongly compresso-protuberant, advanced in front of the about three
fourths the length of one of them, presenting
eves
with the vertex a distinctly rounded outline in profile; front the frontal costa is quite widely furcate, starting oppo- the branches are evenly divergent and straight ocellus. outline, the posterior ocelli are conspicuous midway between the anterior margins of the frontal
viewed in
site upper margin of the eyes, the
in their descension to the median
Eyes compresso-subtriangular in
AND AGH 13
the pronotum very little diverging below, th®
knee of hind femora; lateral lobes of
inferior margin scarcely reflected, the poste-
rior margin feebly sinuate, the posterior inferior angle nearly straight, superior or the Elytra
obtusely rounded, externally punctate; wings
subhumeral sinus for insertion of the
elytra shallow. slender, apically fully developed extending beyond the pro- Anterior sulcate femoral straight,
. > . ° Pre posterior femora quite slender, the tibia
notal process. femora
above; middle carinae
multispinose, first article of posterior tarsus
Fig. 1a, Paurotarsus amazonus sp.n. rb, same, front view of face and pronotum.
rc, same, profile of body, greatly enlarged. re, same, dorsal view of head, enlarged.
enlarged. Hancock.
costa and the eyes, on a plane a little above their middle. Antennae filiform, maxillary palpi apically ampliato-compressed. Pro- notum with the dorsal front margin truncate, posteriorly long and subulate, between the shoulders transversely scarcely convexed, strongly rugose; median carina distinctly elevated, nearly straight, interrupted near the front margin by a transverse suture, anterior lateral carinae short, subparallel; humeral angles strongly obtuse, apical process of pronotum extending beyond the
1d, same, tarsus of posterior leg, Original, from nature by Dr.
a little more than twice as long as the third, the pulvilli subequally long, straight below. The subgenital plate of male as viewed from above acute conical, bifurcated at the ex- tremity.
Length Body, @, pronotum 13.5 Entire length of body to apex of wings 16.5 millimeters.
mm.
post. fem. 7.5 mm.
Manaos, Amazon, South America. ©. Staudinger. Labelled Hedotettix.
Locality,
44 IES SACIEHS: {April 1900.
TABLE OF NORTH AMERICAN KERMES, BASED ON EXTER- NAL CHARACTERS.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, MESILLA PARK, N. MEX.
Not entirely covered with wax, nor pubescent, nor covered with a white
powder ; : : : : : < ‘ : : 6 ; I Covered all over with dull white wax. (Arizona) ‘ certferus Elirhorn. Covered with snow-white powder, except on the middle of the back.
(Mass. ) ‘ ; : : : ; : , nivalis King & Ckll. Small, thinly pubescent. (Kans., Mass.) : ‘ A pubescens Bogue. 1. Convex, without a median longitudinal constriction : s 3 : 2
With a more or less distinct median longitudinal constriction : : 6 2. Large, with transverse sulci, the segments more or less gibbous, with three
gibbosities (one median) in each transverse series. (Colo., N. M.)
gilletted Cll.
Segments not at all gibbous : 3 0 : 6 : : 3 3. Very large (10 mm. diam.), rather rough, marbled with boon and dull
white, the white with brown specks. (Mexico.) . : grandis Ckll.
Not so large, species of the U. 8. : : : : ; C 4 4. Extremely convex, red brown with distinct aan fer:uginous transverse bands.
(Mass.). . : : , : : : , andre? King.
Orange-brown, marbled with dull white, the white with fulvous points;
younger individuals with a broken waxy coating. (Calif.) austini Ehrh.
Larger than azs¢znz, nearly globular, marbled with white, black and reddish, or black and reddish, covered with waxy secretion, which is divided into small portions separated by smooth (wax-free) lines; the minute points on
the white are intensely black. (Okla.) . : : ° bog wet Ckll. Pale ochreous, or reddish, with small black spots, and minute black points, usually distinctly variegated with irregular pale bands . : 5
Broader than long, the pale bands running in a transverse direction, parallel with the rows of black spots. (Bluflton, S. C., etc.) galliformis Riley. Longer than broad, the pale bands running longitudinally, at right angles to the rows of spots. (Mass., Del.) : : 2 kingt? Ckll.
6. Segmentation distinct, segments very strongly enone: (Calif. )
cockerellé Ehrh.
Segmentation distinct, but segments not ie surface not speckled with
black. (Kansas.) : : : , concinnulus Ckll.
Segmentation not distinct, nor the segments eibbouee surface speckled with
5:
black or dark dots F - : , ; ‘ ‘ : é $ 7
April 1909.)
PSYCHE. 15
Vie Black spots conspicuous, arranged in transverse rows; black specks not
always conspicuous. (N. Y., Mass.; also collected by Fletcher in Canada,
on Quercis rubra. ) . .
pettité Ehrh.
Black spots minute, not definitely arranged in transverse rows; black specks
very distinct; ground color pale ochreous.
(Calif., Mexico.) nigropunctatus Ehrh. & Ckll.
Ihave taken as typical of wal/iformés a specimen from the Riley collection,
collected by ]. H. Mellichamp at Bluffton, S. C. he also included A, peéé?¢/ under the same name.
petizté in Massachusetts
Riley’s description shows that Mr. G. B. King has collected
THE SPECIES OF THE OEDIPODINE GENUS HELIASTUS SAUSS., OCCURRING IN THE UNITED STATES.
BY SAMUEL II.
Tleliastus was founded by Saussure in 1884 on some Mexican and Central American Oedipodinae. first recognized as occurring in the United
It was
States three years ago, when I referred to it had described as species of Thrincus. Both
two insects which been of these species also occur in Mexico, but were unknown to Saussure. I can
now add another «and undescribed
species, known to me from only a single locality in California, and col- lected by Mr. A. P. Morse. , All these northern species belong to Saussure’s second division of the group in which the lower posterior angle of the lateral lobes is not produced into a distinct process. They are all of a light gray color, more or less irregularly spotted with brown, sometimes forming brief transverse markings when the insect is alighted; the wings are glazed, often iridescent, and generally, at least in part, weakly tinted. The
males are
SCUDDER,
CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
considerably smaller than the females. The species may be separated as fol- lows : —
Table of our species of Helvastus.
Antennae at least two thirds as long as hind femora; posterior process of metazona weakly
a. OF large size.
obtusangulate, often almost rectangu- late; descending lobes of pronotum apically well rounded, falling distinctly below the level of the pleural lobe an- terior to them. 6’. Larger. Descending lobes of pronotum angulato-rotundate below ; wings hyalino-citron basally, weakly infuscated apically. é 6°. Smaller. Descending lobes of pronotum regularly rotundate below ; wings pellucid, or faintly violaceous, only the veins fuscous.
aridus.
californicus. Antennae only half as long as hind femora; posterior pro-
a’. Of small size.
46 ES WAGLLLS:
cess of metazona strongly obtusangu- lated, or broadly rounded; descending lobes of pronotum apically truncate, not falling below the level of the free pleural lobe anterior to them. MENEMUS.
Heliastus aridus.
Thrincus aridus Brun., Proc. U.S. nat. mus., xil, 78-79. pl. (aridus on plate ; avidus in text) (1890) ; Ivilles INTs (1893) ; Towns., Ins. life, vi, 31 (1893).
Fleliastus aridus Scudd., Can. ent., rode, Ys (ustey)) 8 (Critrlls (Obs Wo Sic 44 (1900).
Originally described Albu- querque, N. Mex. (Bruner), it has since been recorded from Las Cruces, N. Mex. (Townsend), and Panamint Valley, Cal. (Riley). it from Las Cruces (Townsend) and Mesilla, N. Mex., July 1 (Morse), as well as from Juarez, Mex., July 3 (Morse). Mr. Morse tells me that it is a common insect at Mesilla, found on sand hills where it is almost invisible, the color and markings varying with the local- ity; it flies freely, but not far.
I, fig. 2, 3
A. fauna, vii, 252
from
I have received
and the gravelly mesa,
Heliastus californicus.
Thrincus caltifornicus Thom., Bull. U.S. geol: sutv. ter, 1, no. 2, ser. 1, 66 (1874) ; Glov. Ill. N. A ent., Orth., pl. 17, fig. 6, 7 (1874) ; Cogq., Ins. life, i, 228 (1889) ; Brun., Proc. U. S. nat. mus. xii, 187 (1890).
Fleliastus californicus Scudd., Can,
| April 1900,
ents XxxIx, 75) (1397p) Cita Oxthe U.S., 44 (1900).
This species described by Thomas from specimens taken by
Crotch in Southern California, and has
was
since been mentioned as found at Los Angeles, Cal. (Coquillett), and in the Cerros Isl. off the coast of Lower Cali- fornia (Bruner). I have seen specimens from San Diego (Crotch), Indio, July 9 (Morse), Palm July 9 (Morse), Mohave, EN (Morse), and Rock eastern California (Palmer), as well as
Springs, Cale
Spring in south-
from some other unspecified point in California, collected by Osten Sacken,* who reports it as found ‘* among boul- ders of granite, the colors of which it seems to mimic.” I have it also from St. George, Utah, Apr. 1-12 (Palmer), Saltillo, Mex., Mar. 21-28 (Palmer), and Sonora (Schott), as well as from Cape St. Lucas, Lower Cali- fornia (Xantus).
from
Heliastus minimus sp. nov.
Of small size, cinereo-testaceous, more or less embrowned above on head and prono- tum, marked with brownish fuscous, the face, genae, lower portion of lateral lobes and sometimes their whole metazonal por- tion overlaid with chalky white. Head prominent, the sculpturing much as in A, californicus \yut the face retreating more; eyes rather prominent, especially in male; antennae short, about half as long as the hind femora, in no way attenuate or de-
pressed at apex, fusco-testaceous, feebly in-
* Baron Osten Sacken collected Orthoptera in Sonoma and Marin Cos. north of San Francisco, but this insect has not otherwise been reported from so northern a locality, or farther north than Mohave.
April 1900. |
fuscated apically, not banded. Pronotum marked with brownish fuscous on the prozona behind the eyes and sometimes across the posterior margin of the prozonal disk, the front margin of which is a little elevated especially above and in the male, the disk of whole prozona tolerably smooth and nearly plane, the median carina very slight, the hind obtusangulate or broadly rounded, the lateral lobes inferiorly
margin strongly truncate not extending below the level of the free pleural lobe. Tegmina rather slen- der, subequal, pale testaceous, feebly em- brewned mesially in proximal half, flecked conspicuously with well distributed brown- ish fuscous spots; wings glistening hyaline, a few of the veins at extreme apex narrowly and inconspicuously infuscated, at least in
the female. Hind femora long and slender,
INSECT-NEURATION.
The work of Comstock and Needham* upon the wings of insects is decidedly an important contribution to the subject, fora firm step has been taken towards a satisfac- tory theory of venation. been attained by an extended study of the
This advance has
tracheae which precede and, in a broad way, determine the positions of the veins. Select- ing immature stages of generalized repre- sentatives of each order, the authors arrive ata type of tracheation which may fairly be taken to represent a primitive condition,— an origin for more complicated types of tracheation and venation. The lines along which specialization appears to have occurred in the larger orders are carefully traced and the fully and clearly figured. Specialization occurs either by the reduction (atrophy or coalescence) or else by the addi-
processes
* Comstock, J. H.and Needham, J. G. The Wings of Insects. A series of articles on the structure and devel- opment of the wings of insects, with special reference to the taxonomic value of the characters presented by the wings. 124 pp., 90 figs. Reprinted from The American Naturalist. Ithaca, N. ¥. The Comstock Publishing Co.
ISEVGEE: {7
pale testaceous, occasionally and especially at base hoary, bifasciate above with brown- ish fuscous.
Length of body, @, 10.25 mm., 2, 18 mm.; antennae, @, 3-5 mm., 9, 5 mm.; tegmina, J, 9.5 mm., 9, 16.5 mm.; hind femora, 6,7 mm., 9, 11mm. One male is of unusual size, the tegmina measuring 14 mm. in length, but otherwise there is little variation in the specimens from the above figures.
13 ¢ 13,9. Palm Springs, Cal., July 9; 125-4. Ps Morse:
The species is peculiar for its smal] size, short antennae, slender hind fem- ora, brief lateral lobes and broadly an- gulate metazonal process.
tion of veins from a multiplication of the branches of the principal veins. Fortu- nately the familiar terms adopted by Redten- bacher are retained.
Committing ourselves to the authors’ con- clusions, perhaps too unreservedly, we were mildly shocked to find that the method fails of application among Trichoptera, most Dip- tera and the Hymenoptera, at least, because the correlation between tracheae and veins is almost lost. As the method seems to have justified itself, however, a critic can scarcely do more at present than to emphasize the necessity of caution in the employment of the method.
Especially instructive are the discussions upon the wings of Odonata, Ephemerida and Orthoptera. The elytra of Coleoptera are definitely homologized with wings.
The palaeontological evidence is rather summarily dismissed with the negative con- that it does contradict the results. Precisely on account of the ‘imperfection of the record” does the close resemblance of the Devonian Xeno- neura to the hypothetical type of the authors acquire a value that makes the above conclu- sion unnecessarily cautious.
clusion authors’
not
Ss IAS SQ Ot a Wide
Now that the study of wing development promises to dispel the uncertainty which has characterized our theories of venation, the palaeontological evidence will gather new interest from recent In fact, no theory of venation can escape the
in proportion as the data
insects become more definite.
{April igo0.
criticism of incompleteness which does no have sufficient regard for the evidence de- rived from fossil forms.
The substantial progress which Comstock and Needham have inaugurated ought to stimulate many others to continue the same line of study.
A EINEM ViOTOME, (OFF SES EE began in January, 1900, and continues through three years. The subscription price (payable in advance) is $5.00 per volume, or $2.00 per year, postpaid. Numbers are issued on the first day of each month. Libraries and individuals generally ordering through subscription agencies (which only take annual sub- scriptions) will please notice that it is cheaper to subscribe for the entire volume at once directly of us.— Any early volume can be had for $5.00, unbound. Address Psyche, Cambridge, Mass.
Vols. 1-8, Complete, Unbound = = = = = = $37.00. Vols. 1-8, and Subscription to Volume 9 = = = = $41.00. Vol. 8 contains about 450 pp. and 8 plates, besides other illustrations.
A. SMITH & SONS, 269 PEARL STREET, New York. MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF
GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS,
Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting Boards, Folding Nets, Locality and Special Labels, Forceps, Sheet Cork, Etc. Other articles are being added, Send for List.
ZF JOINTED FOLDING NET
Guide to the Genera and Classification of the Orthoptera of North America north of Mexico. By Samuret H. ScuppErR. go pp. 8°.
Contains keys for the determination of the higher groups as well as the nearly 200 genera of our Orthoptera, with full bibliographical aids to further study. Sent by mail on receipt of price $1.00.
E. W. WHEELER, 30 Boytston SrreeT, CAMBRIDGE, MAss.
THE BUTTERFLY BOOK. Imp. 8vo., Pp. xx +382. 48 colored plates with over 1,000 figures representing 525 species. 183 figures in text. Indispensable to collectors and students of entomology.
$3.00 net, sent postpaid upon receipt of price. Address: W. J. HoLtanp, LL. D., Pittsburg, Pa.
Subscribers to Psyche in arrears will confer a favor by prompt payment of bills.
2 eR Gi aks
AB J@OWRANALL, GOH HNTOMe@L@OGyYy [Established in 1874] Vol. 9, No. 289
May, 1900
CONTENTS ON THE SPECIES OF NEMOBIUS KNOWN TO OCCUR IN INDIANA— W. S. Blatchley
ON some AMERICAN SPECIES OF MACRopSIS (JASSIDAE) — C. F. Baker
Lire Histories or NortH AMERICAN GEOMETRIDAE — XI — Harrison G. Dyar
PUBLISHED BY THE
CAMBRIDGE, ENTOIMOLOGICAL CLUB
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., U.S. A.
YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $2. VOLUME, $5. MONTHLY NUMBERS,
{Entered as second class mail matter]
oc
50 SWVC LL Eas
[May 1900
Psyche, A Journal of Entomology.
RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. PES Subscriptions not discontinued are considered renewed,
FES Beginning with Fanuary, 1891, the rate of subscription is as follows: —
Yearly subscription, one copy, postpaid, $2.00 Yearly subscription, clubs of three, postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6 (1891-1893), postpaid, 5-00 Subscription to Vol. 6, clubs of 3, postpaid, 13.00
The index will only be sent to subscribers to the whole volume,
Twenty-five extra copies, without change of form, to the author of any leading article, if or-
dered at the time of sending copy, 9 Free Author's extras over twenty-five in number, under same conditions, each per page, 6 3c.
Separates, with changes of form —actual cost of
such changes in addition to above rates, Remittances, communications, exchanges, books, nd pamphlets should be addressed to
EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.
ADVERTISING RATES, ETC.
TERMS CASH —STRICTLY IN ADVANCE, #2 Only thoroughly respectable advertisements will be allowed in PSYCHE. The editors reserve the right to reject advertisements.
Subscribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects for exchange or desired for study, xot for cash, free at the discretion of the editors.
Regular style of advertisements plain, at the follow ing rates : —
Outside Inside Page. Pages.
Per line, first insertion, . 5 - $0.10 $0.08 Yighth page, first insertion, . 2 75 -60 Quarter “ s Tar 0 1.25 1.00 Half id - 4 0 5 + 225 1.75 One 4 ss - 5 4.00 3.50
Each subsequent insertion one-half the above rates,
Address EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Carlstrasse 11, Berlin N. W.
CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB.
The regular meetings of the Club are now held at 7:45 P.M. on the second Friday of each month, at No. 156 Brattle St. Entomologists temporarily in Boston or Cambridge or passing through either city on that day are invited to be present.
A very few complete sets of the first six volumes of PSYCHE remain to be sold for $20.
SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass.
The following books and pamphlets are for sale by the CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB:
Burgess, E. Contributions to the anat- omy of the milk-weed butterfly, Danais archip-
pus. Boston, 1880, 16 p., 2 plates, c 1,00 Hitchcock, Edward. Ichnology of New England. Boston, 1858 1.50
Scudder, S. H. The earliest winged in- sects of America. Cambridge, 1885, 8p.,1 plate .so Scudder, S. H. Historical sketch of the generic names proposed for Butterflies. Sa- lem, 1875. 6 . > 5 : : . Scudder, S.H. The pine-moth of Nan- tucket, Retinia frustrana, col. pl. Boston, 1883. .25 Scudder, S. H. The fossil butterflies of
1.00
Florissant, Col., Washington, 1889 *) x00, Scudder, 5. H. Tertiary Tipulidae, with special reference to those of Florissant. 9 plates. Philadelphia, 1894. 0 + 2,00 Stettiner entomologische Zeitung. Jahrg. 43-44. Stettin, 1882-1883. 4 6 : 2,00 U.S. Entomological Commission.—Fourth 2.00
Report, Washington, 1885 : :
SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass.
MANUAL OF N. A. DIPTERA.
Manual of the Families and Genera of North American Diptera, by S. W. Williston. Paper, $2.00; Cloth. $2.25.
J. T. HATHAWay, 297 Crown St., New Haven, Conn.
PSYCHE.
ON THE SPECIES OF NEMOBIUS KNOWN TO OCCUR IN INDIANA.
BY W. S. BLATCHLEY, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA.
Among the Gryllidae occurring in the Northern-Central States the members of the genus Nemobius rank first in num- ber of individuals. From August first to mid-November they swarm by thou- sands on every grass plot and piece of waste ground, whether in open sunny fields or the dense shade of the forest. Even the tangled masses of sphagnum mosses and other semi-aquatic growth of fen and marsh furnish shelter and food to certain species which, in the ages of the past, have become adapted to a life of such surroundings.
But while the individuals are so plen- tiful, their size is so small that heretofore they have received but little attention from the average collector. Moreover, so similar in general appearance are they that very close observation by the student is necessary to separate the spe- cies one from another. As a conse- quence but 18 have hitherto been de- scribed the whole of North America, while but three have been ac- credited to the States north of Florida and east of the Rocky Mountains. Mc- Neill * listed but one from Illinois, and I, in a former paper, but three (one of
which is but a short winged form) from
from
* Psyche, VI, rSg1, 6,
Indiana.* Bruner + mentions three, two without from Scudder, in the most recent paper on
names, Kansas, while the group { accredits three, viz: JV. fasciatus, N. cubensis and NV. carolinus to the Central and Eastern States. Within the past five years many speci- mens have been collected in different parts of Indiana. A careful study of these reveals the presence of at least six species and one well marked variety, three of which are herewith described for the first time. There is little doubt but that the right kind of investigation will show the presence of as many or more in almost any State east of the Rocky Mountains. Those known to
occur in Indiana are as follows:
1. N. fasciatus De Geer.
This, the long-winged form of our most common species, has been taken by me only in the vicinity of electric lights. The wings of both sexes extend much beyond the tips of hind femora, those of the 9 reaching to or beyond
the tip of ovipositor, while the tegmina
*“The Gryllidae of Indiana,” in Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 1891, pp- 134-136.
+ Publ. Neb. Acad. Sci., III, 18y3, 32.
+ Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 1V, 1896, pp. g9-107-
52 PS VCLHE,.
reach to the end of the abdomen. Dur- ing hundreds of days spent in field col- lecting not a single specimen of fasczatus has been seen. Many, however, have been taken from the walks and streets of Indianapolis, Fort Wayne and other cities and towns in the northern part of the State, but none, as yet, in the south- ern half, not even in Terre Haute, where Where the insect breeds, and feeds by day is to me At times, as in the first week of August, 1899, swarms com- posed of myriads have appeared about the lights of some of the cities. The newspapers the next day had a column or more devoted to the insects but noth-
I resided for seven years.
unknown.
ing, except wild guesses, as to whence they came.
1a. N. fasciatus vittatus Harris.
This is the form which abounds every- where throughout the State. It varies in color from a dusky brown to a rusty When of the latter hue the stripes on the head, to which it owes its varietal name, are very dim or wholly invisible.
black.
In size it is larger than any other, except the long-winged fasczatus. The largest specimens in my collection have come from the borders of swamps. The tegmina of the @ cover a little more than half the abdomen and their cross veinlets are coarser and much more prominent than in the next species. Those of the ¢ cover three-fourths of the abdomen. The ovipositor is about one eighth longer than the hind femora.
No intermediate short winged forms
{May 1900.
connecting fascéatus with vittatus have been seen by me, nor have any been recorded to my knowledge. The two are, however, regarded as dimorphic forms of the same species by the leading authorities, Saussure and Scudder. In Indiana vzttatus begins to reach matu- rity about July 20. Living specimens have been seen as late as December tst. Although present in vast numbers, but It ap- pears to be omnivorous, feeding upon
little is known of its life habits.
carrion, cow dung and grasses with equal avidity. Though small in size the aggregate damage which it causes to grass and kindred plants in the course of a single season must be great, and there is little doubt but that it, as well as the other species of the genus, should be classed among those insects highly
destructive to forage plants.”
2. N. maculatus sp. nov.
Size medium; head rather prominent, dark luteous or castaneous, more or less dotted with piceous, especially on forehead and cheeks; eyes rather large, prominent. An- tennae dull luteous, the basal third lighter; maxillary palpi luteous, the apical half of terminal joint piceous. Pronotum broader than long, faintly tapering anteriorly; the dorsal field castaneous with numerous dark points; the front margin and lateral field sparingly beset with stiff black bristles. A piceous stripe starts back of the eye and covers the upper two-thirds of lateral field of both pronotum and tegmina. The latter with a yellowish vein separating the dorsal and lat-
*For other accounts of the destruction wrought by the species of Nemobius see Rathvon, U.S. Agr. Report, 1862, p- 380, and Osborne, Bull. 23, U. S. Div. Ent. p. 59.
May 1900.)
eral fields, more prominent in the g. The dorsal field testaceous, sometimes with pice- ous dots; in 2 covering one-third of abdo-
men,in @ two thirds; wings absent. Legs and dorsal surface of abdomen testaceous
sprinkled with fuscous which on dorsal sur- face of hind femora is sometimes in cross-bars. Ovipositor almost equalling in length or very slightly shorter than hind femora; the apical blades rather long, taper- ing evenly to a fine point; above, evenly and sharply serrulate. Length of body 8 mm.; of hind femora, 6.5 mm.; of ovipositor, 6.5 mm.3 of promotum, 2.5 mm.; of tegmina, 9 2.8 mm., g 4 mm. Width of pronotum, 3
14,9 Q’s.
straight,
mm.
NV. maculatus is readily distinguished from WV. fasciatus vittatus, by its aver- age smaller size, shorter and straighter ovipositor, fewer hairs on head and pro- notum and finer cross veinlets of 2 teg- mina. The serrulations of the ovipositor are sharper than in vétfatus. The two also differ in color, the ground of macu- Zatus being lighter and the piceous more generally sprinkled where in vz¢¢aZus it isin lengthwise bars. Jaculatus has been taken in small numbers only in Marion and Vigo counties. It is found in low open woods, usually in the vicin- ity of or beneath logs.
3. N. palustris sp. nov.
Size small; the body of @ especially short and broad. Head tumid; eyes large, but not prominent. Pronotum one third broader than long, the sides subequal, rather thickly beset with stiff black bristles, as is also the forehead and dorsal surface of the two front femora. Head, tegmina and body of most specimens, a uniform dark piceous; disk of pronotum
piceous or fuscous sprinkled with piceous.
PSYCHE. 53
Antennae, legs and ovipositor fuscous. Max- illary palpi luteous except the apical joint which is wholly piceous. Tegmina of 9 covering a little more than half the abdomen; those of g hardly reaching its tip. Oviposi- tor almost a third shorter than hind femora, * distinctly though feebly arcuate, the apical blades but little enlarged at the base, very finely serrulate with dull rasp-like teeth. Length of body of 2, 6.5 mm.; of hind fe- mora, 5 mm.; of ovipositor, 3.5 mm.
This handsome, little pitch brown Nemobiid has been found only among the tamarack swamps and cranberry bogs of the northern part of the State, where it finds a congenial home in the midst of the dense, damp sphagnum mosses. Sometimes they are so plenti- ful thata half dozen or more are seen in an area afoot square. Like the other members of the genus they are very active, when disturbed leaping vigor- ously, a few inches at a time, and finally seeking safety by burrowing in the
masses of moss.
4. N. carolinus Scudder.
This prettily marked little species has been found to be rather common on the grass covered banks of streams and along the fence rows of open woods in Vigo, Putnam and Monroe counties. In gen- eral appearance it is a diminutive form of WV. maculatus above described, but and short arcuate ovi- Accord-
its small size
positor at once distinguish it.
ing to Scudder, carolénus ranges from
New England to Nebraska and Texas. 5
5. N. exiguus sp. nov.
Size medium; body slender; head rather
54 PSYCHE.
large, but slightly tumid. Eyes small but prominent. Antennae, head, pronotum and femora testaceous. Maxillary palpi light yellow throughout or with the apical third of terminal joint infuscated. Tegmina of & reaching tip of abdomen, testaceous with a narrow piceous bar on upper third of lateral field and with basal third of dorsal field usu- ally more or less piceous. Tegmina of ? covering one half or more of abdomen, the dorsal field usually heavily shaded with pic- eous; wings absent in both sexes. Upper surface of abdomen piceous, lower surface testaceous or luteous. Ovipositor a third or more shorter than hind femora, distinctly arcuate, the apical blade not enlarged at the base, armed above with very small and rather dull teeth which are irregularly distant one from another. Length of body, 7.5 mm.; of hind femora, 6.3 mm.; of ovipositor, 3.5 mm.; of tegmina, d,5mm., 9,4 mm.
This is the “ VV. exzgaas Scudder” of my paper on the ‘* Gryllidae of Indi- ana” doc. czt. It appears, however, that Scudder had not described a species as ex?guus but had merely mentioned a form of /V. fasc¢atus under the name. Beutenmuller afterward* described JV. affints from New York, which he stated was the insect mentioned by me, but which, according to Scudder, ¢ is JV. carolinus.
* Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., VI, 1894, p. 250. t Loc. cit. p. 107.
{May 1900.
Fxiguus is longer and proportion- ately more slender than carolcnzs, though the tegmina of the male are broader. The pronotum and femora are not mottled or marked with fuscous as in that species. The serrations of ovipositor of caroliénus are smaller, sharper and more evenly separated than in exiguus. The latter species occurs in all parts of the State and is fully one- half as common as JV. fasciatus vitta- tus. Its habits, time of appearance and local habitat are also essentially the same. However, the smaller size, short ovi- positor, yellowish maxillary palpi, and other differences in color, readily distin- guish it from vettalus.
6. N. cubensis? Saussure.
Two @’s, distinct from those of any of the above species, were taken Octo- ber 9th, 1893, from the sandy bed of the old canal north of Terre Haute, Indi- ana. They were sent to Mr. Scudder who reports them probably the short- winged form of WV. cubensis. In life they were shining black with a bright yellow line separating the dorsal and lateral fields of the tegmina. No cor- responding females have as yet been secured from Indiana, but Scudder re- cords two as having been taken in IIli-
nois.
May 1g00.]
IDSAGI FAD: 5d
ON SOME AMERICAN SPECIES OF MACROPSIS (JASSIDAE).
BY C. F. BAKER,
In America, Macropsis is distinctly southern in Van Duzee’s List of Jassina four species are credited to North America, two to Mexico, and two to Colorado and the southwest. Three scribed from South America by Stal and one by Lethierry. In this paper three are added to the South American list and six to the United States. As at present known, one species occurs throughout the southern United States, one in Alabama, one in the Argus Mts., Cal., one in the Magdalena Mts., N. M., two in southern California, two in Colorado, two in Mexico and four in South America, Undoubtedly a num- ber more will be found in Central and South America.
Pachyopsis Uhl., is strictly synony- mous with Macropsis Lewis.
distribution. In
have been de-
Macropsis itdtocerotdes n. sp.— Male. Length 5.5 mm. Strongly resembling an Idiocerus in form. Head very little if any narrower than pronotum, vertex scarcely longer at middle than at eyes. Front very Ledges over an- tennal cavities short. Clypeus strongly convex, very broad at base, suddenly strongly narrowed beyond the middle to the rounded apex. Ona spacealong the anterior margin of pronotum, the usual aciculation gives place to a fine shagreening. Lateral prono- tal carinae not reaching eyes but curved far down on to the pleurae. Punctures on cla- vus fairly numerous and setigerous; punc-
tures on corium obsoletely if at all setiger-
minutely rugose below.
ST.
LOUIS, MO.
ous, sparse, and arranged in longitudinal rows.
Color pale olivaceous, head and below yellowish, the legs greenish. Eyes dull carmine. Elytra transparent.
Valve transverse, longer than preceding segment, hind margin straight. Plates strongly convex, twice longer than width of both, bulging laterally below, then narrowed
to an acute point.
Described from one example col- lected in the Magdalena Mts., N. M., in August (Snow). This is one of the most interesting Bythoscopids occurring in North America. Though so closely resembling an Idiocerus, it yet presents all the characters of Macropsis. The width of head, form of clypeus, and the position of the lateral pronotal carinae, separate it widely from all other species of the genus.
Macropsis laetus(Uh1.) — I have col- lected this species at Fort Collins, Colo., in September. It somewhat resembles the European prasézus in coloration and size, but is nearer Zazzo in structure. The head is broader than in frases, and the elytra possess supernumerary veins at apex. It diflers from /azzo in various structural characters, and more conspicuously, in lacking the fuscous irrorations on head and pronotum. Laetus is the only American repre- sentative of the group including frasz- nus and Zanzo, and in which the elytra are elongate and the punctures not
56 PSYCHE,
setigerous. The other American spe-
cies are more like mécrocephala.
Macropsts atra n. 4mm. Form of robustus.
sp.—Male. Length Head somewhat narrower than pronotum, vertex very slightly longer at middle than at eyes. Front un- usually distinctly throughout. Ledges over antennal cavities nearly in a straight line. Clypeus a half
transversely aciculate
longer than broad, with sides parallel, apex subtruncate. out.
Pronotum aciculate through- Elytra sordid whitish opaque; hairs black, base of clavus where they are white and weak.
strong, numerous, and except on
Beneath, with lower part of face including margins of front, very pale sordid yellowish. Upper part of face with most of front, vertex ; pronotum and scutel (except the piceous apex), black. angle of clavus ferruginous. dle legs
Narrow margin along inner Fore and mid- slightly embrowned, hind legs greenish.
Last ventral segment nearly square, twice the length of preceding segment, hind mar-
gin nearly truncate.
Described from a single specimen in the National Museum collection, taken in the Argus Mts., Cal., in May, by Mr. humilis Stal, and may prove but a
Koebele. It closely resembles The extent of black is not so great in a@tra. Atra resembles some of the Mexican and South Ameri- can species more nearly than any other species we have.
variety of it.
Macropsis Length 4 mm.
smithtt n. Very stout.
sp. — Female. Head consid-
erably narrower than pronotum; vertex short; as long at middle as at eyes. Front becoming nearly smooth below. Ledges
over antennal cavities strongly bent towards clypeus. Clypeus distinctly, but little, longer
{May 1900. ‘ than broad with sides slightly converging apically to the broadly rounded apex. Acic- ulation on pronotum becoming obsolete medially on anterior submargin. Elytra hyaline, hairs strong, black fairly numerous, weak and white on base of clavus.
Pale straw color, legs greenish. More or less of pronotum along hind margin, basal portion of clavus, and sometimes narrow basal margin of scutel, black or piceous.
Last ventral segment twice length of pre- ceding; hind margin broadly rounded, on either side of the middle with a narrow slit extending to one-third the length of the segment, and enclosing a rectangular tooth.
Male like the female. Last ventral seg- ment greatly enlarged, broader and three times the length of the preceding segment; subquadrangular, medially longitudinally creased, the outer margins broadly rounded; hind margin with a large subrectangular tooth, rounded at tip, margins broadly depressed, and bent backwards into the fis- sure of the pygofers.
Described from seven females and one male in the Herbert H. Smith col- lection, Chapada, Brazil. This species strongly resembles Jad/es- cezs but it lacks the dark markings on
taken at
vertex, and presents a totally different form of genitals.
Macropsis pallescens (Stal.) — 1862 Stal, K. Vet. Akad. Handl. B. 3, No. 6, p- 49 (Stragania pallescens) .
There is a single typical example of this species in the Herbert H. Smith collection, from Chapada, Brazil, col- lected in November. The last ventral segment is broadly rounded apically and has a good sized rectangular me- dian notch.
Macropsis sordidus n. sp.— Female. Length 4.5 mm. ‘The general form and ver-
May 1900.]
tex of smithiz, Clypeus no longer than broad, sides very slightly converging to the subtruncate apex. Ledges over cavities strongly bent clypeus. Pronotum aciculate except within anterior
antennal towards
lateral angles, where there are some faint brownish spots. Elytra whitish opaque, very strongly but somewhat sparsely seti- gerous punctate, the hairs on base of clavus weak and white.
Color sordid yellowish, tinged with green- ish on pronotum posteriorly, scutel, costa at base, and hind tibiae.
Last ventral segment twice the length of the preceding, hind margin broadly rounded, with a large median notch which is acute at apex and reaches nearly a third the length of the segment.
Described from a single female in the Herbert H. Smith collection, taken at Chapada, Brazil, in April. This may be near déviésa Stal, which [have not seen, but it all fit the description of that species.
does not at
Macropsts californicus n. sp.— Female.
Length 5 mm. Far larger and stouter than
robustus. Head little narrower than pro- notum. Vertex very slightly longer on mid-
dle than next eye. Clypeus slightly longer than broad at base, sides gently converging towards the truncate apex. Ledges over antennal grooves nearly in a straight line. Pronotum aciculate except just within lateral carinae. Elytra thick, opaque, with a num- ber of supernumerary veinlets towards the apex; hairs on elytra not strong anywhere, those on clavus weak and white, those on corium sparse and mostly black.
Head, all below, and elytra largely, pale straw color. Pronotum rufescent. A nar- row area on clavus, adjoining inner angle usually deep reddish. Elytra often more or less tinged with reddish toward base. Dor- sal segments mostly with discs black.
PSV CHE. 57
Last ventral segment little longer than preceding, broadly deeply emarginate, bot- tom of the emargination inclining to sub- rectangular.
Male. Length 4.75. except narrow basal margin, pronotum and
Front above, vertex
extreme base of scutel, black to piceous. Elytra except apical areoles suffused with bright reddish. Last ventral segment over twice the length of preceding segment, hind margin broadly rounded and with a minute median slit.
Described from one male and a num- ber of females in the National Museum collection, taken by Mr. Koebele in Placer Co., Calif., during September and October. One female partakes
somewhat of the male characters in
having a spot on front above and ante- rior margin of pronotum, blackened. This is the most highly colored of known North American species.
Macropsts Length 5.5 mm differing from it as follows: Pronotum without distinct super-
veins. Whole insect darker throughout. Vertex on either side in front, and basal margin of scutel, piceous or black. The dark color on scutel shading through ferruginous to light yellow at apex. Wings dark fuliginous at base.
Last ventral segment of female twice the
magnus 0. sp.—Female. Near to calijornicus, but Larger and stouter.
numerary
length of preceding, hind margin trisinuate, the three sinuosities of equal depth, the lateral broad, the median narrow and acute.
Described from a single female in the National Museum collection, taken in Los Angeles Co., Cal., by Mr. Coquil- lett. It is very near to caléfornicus but easily separated by the size and genital characters.
58 IDS 4015 13:
Macropsis ornatula (Stal.) 1862 Stal, K. Vet. Akad. Handl. B. 3, No. 6, p. 49 (Straganta ornatula).
I have referred to this species six specimens in the Herbert H. Smith collection, taken at Chapada, Brazil, in May. These specimens fit the original description perfectly, except that they The last ventral segment in the female is twice
are only 3.5 mm. in length.
the length of the preceding, the hind margin very broadly slightly produced, between which and the lateral angles on either side, there is a slight concav- ity. ment is a half longer than preceding,
In the male the last ventral seg-
the hind margin truncate.
Macropsis rufoscutellatusn. sp.— Female. Length 4.5 mm. Much stouter than rodustus. Head somewhat narrower than pronotum, vertex somewhat longer at middle than at eye. Clypeus little longer than broad at base, the sides gently converging to the rounded tip. Ledges over antennal cavities Pro- notum aciculate throughout. Elytra sub- hyaline, hairs weak and white towards base of clavus, black on remainder of clavus and
distinctly bent towards the clypeus
corium, fairly numerous except at apex of corium.
Light green throughout, scutel except apex, and adjoining border of clavus, rufous.
Last ventral segment deeply emarginate, the apex of the emargination with a short broadly triangular projection.
Male more sordid in coloration and with a greater extent of rufous on the clavus. Last ventral segment more than twice the length of preceding, hind margin strongly rounded.
Described from two females and one male collected by myself in the foothills west of Fort Collins, Colo., during
{May 1goo.
May and June. In the Prelim. List Hemip., Colo., this species was con- fused with vodastus, but it is distinct. I unfortunately made a partial distribu- tion of it under the latter name. It is of frequent occurrence in Northern Colorado.
Macropsis robustus Uhl.— This is the most common species of the genus in the United States. out the Southern States from the Atlan- tic to the Pacific, and in the Rocky Mountain Region as far north as North- ern Colorado. from Arizona, California, and Alabama. Dr. Uhler also records it from New Mexico and Texas.
It is one of the smallest forms, clear
It occurs through-
I have many specimens Louisiana
green to pale straw color throughout. The clypeus is distinctly longer than broad. The hairs on the elytra -are black throughout the clavus and cori- um. The last ventral segment of the female is shallowly bisinuate behind, the included projection small, acute
and equalling the lateral angles.
Macropsis alabamensts n. Length 4.5 mm.
sp. — Female. Closely resembling vobus- tus from which it differs as follows: Clypeus scarcely as long as broad, the genae dis- tinctly incurved to meet its tip. Hairs on weak, white, and rather sparse The commissural margin from
elytra throughout. the scutel to the apex of elytra narrowly blackened. Appendix strongly infuscate, the three apical cells each with a brown spot at tip.
Last ventral segment bisinuate, the en- closed projection large, exceeding a little the lateral angles, and broadly rounded.
Described from three females, col-
May 1900.]
lected at Auburn, Ala., in September by myself. These three specimens are the
find no gradation towards them in my
uniform in above characters. I entire series of rodustus, numbering some ninety specimens, some of which are from Alabama.
Macropsts stramineus n. sp.— Female. Length 4 mm. Near alabamensi’s than
which it is stouter. It differs as follows:
LIFE HISTORIES OF
NORTH AMERICAN
IP SMGITs. 59
Bright straw color throughout. Hairs on elytra black, very short and
median
very sparse,
almost wanting on portion. <A brown cloud at tip of clavus and more or less numerous small brown marks at apex Last segment as in
of corium. ventral
alabamensis.
Described from three females in the Herbert H. Smith collection, taken at Chapada, Brazil, in October and No- vember.
GEOMETRIDAE. — XI.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Gypsochroa haesitata Guen.
Elliptical, a little flattened above and below, one end larger than the other, but full and well rounded; micropylar (large) end not flattened. Smooth, finely shagreened, the reticulations obsolete, just the faintest trace perceptible in the shell. Not shining, ocher yellow. Size .6 X.55 X.5. mm. Laid singly on spider's webs or other delicate
Egg.
thread on the leaves or branches of its food
plant.
Stage I. Head round, bilobed, clypeus moderate, rather flat before; very pale brown, a narrow dark line on_ posterior
edge of cheeks; ocelli and mouth dark; not shining; width .4 Body slender, cylindrical, smooth, normal, dull
mm. not very greenish, sordid dark and opaque, no defi- nite lines, but numerous longitudinal fine somewhat confused. Feet pale; tubercles small, brown; setae black with slightly swollen tips; no subprimaries ; tubercle iii superstigmatal anterior, iv post stigmatal, a trifle above the whitish tracheal line, v well anterior, vii with separated hairs: on thorax ia, iia, iv and vi visible.
paler streaks,
Stage II. Head rounded, flattened before, held out flat, mouth projecting, antennae dis- tinct; sordid brown, speckled with darker, a faint, grayish V-shaped shade bordering the clypeus; width .7 mm. _ Body not very slen- der; legless segments elongated. Green, the ends, joints 2 to 5 and 10 to 13 shaded with brown, anteriorly darkly shaded especially subdorsally, posteriorly lighter, faintly longi- tudinally lined, but without distinct bands. Feet pale; tubercles obsolete, setae fine short and pale. Shields concolorous and obscure.
Stage ITI. Head round, flattened before, not bilobed and free from joint 2; whitish, with pale more black ;
densely mottled brown, sparsely about the clypeus; ocelli width 1.2 mm. Body moderate, cylindrical, uniform, translucent whitish green, green from the food, with irregular longitudinal rows of small white specks; at the extremi- with and the Tracheal line visible;
ties faintly tinged brown specks become dark. spiracles narrowly black rimmed; tubercles small, white; setae very short, pale.
Stage IV. Head rounded, very slightly
bilobed, whitish green, thickly mottled with
60
spots of dull olive green; antennae rather long, last joint salmon color; width 2 mm. 3ody cylindrical, normal, anal plate large, slightly pointed; no cervical shield, all con- Green, longitudinal lines and spots of more opaque
colorous. mottled with irregular yellowish green and a few brown dots and specks ; Spiracles
A group of
tubercles white, small. white, narrowly black rimmed.
dorsal black specks between tubercles i and ii on the dorsal line on joints 4 to 10, heaviest ong and 10, black spots on subventral fold posteriorly, heaviest on g and 10. Feet
green, brown speckled. Setae short, pale.
PSYCHE.
[May 1900.
Beneath as above, all uniformly colored with- out distinct lines. Next day after moulting turned all dark brown, head and all alike, bark, mottled
brown and black crinkled lines; tubercles
resembling with greenish white, the black patches showing as darker shades.
Entered ground pupate. Imago twelve days. Food plant Péson/a aculeata L., only the young leaves, the old leaves
to in
being as inedible to the larvae, especially when young, as leaves of any other plant. Larvae from Palm Beach and Key West, Florida.
A NEW VOLOILE (OF (PSVCHE
began in January, 1900, and continues through three years.
The subscription
price (payable in advance) is $5.00 per volume, or $2.00 per year, postpaid.
Numbers are issued on the first day of each month.
Libraries and individuals
generally ordering through subscription agencies (which only take annual sub-
scriptions) will please notice that it is cheaper to subscribe for the entire
volume at once directly of us.— Any early volume can be had for $5.00, unbound.
Address Psyche, Cambridge, Mass. Vols. 1-8, Complete, Unbound
Vols. 1-8, and Subscription to Volume 9 = = = =
$37.00. $41.00.
Vol. 8 contains about 450 pp. and 8 plates, besides other illustrations.
A. SMITH & SONS, 269 PEARL STREET, New York.
y \ JOINTED FOLDING NET
MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF
GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS,
Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting
Boards, Special Labels, Forceps, Sheet Cork, Etc. Other articles are being added, Send for List,
Folding Nets, Locality and
THE BUTTERFLY BOOK. Imp. 1,000 figures representing 525 spe ecies. students of entomology.
8vo., Pp. xx + 382. 183 figures in text
48 colored plates with over Indispensable to collectors and
$3.00 net, sent postpaid upon receipt of price.
Address:
W. J. HoLtLanp, LL.D., Pittsburg, Pa.
Subscribers to Psyche in arrears will confer a favor by prompt payment of bills.
Pot rl
AeA, (On ENE OM@r, © Gy [ Established in 1874] Vol. 9, No. 290
JUNE, Ig00
CONTENTS
Tur MevLanorii oF Kansas. —I.— S. F. Hunter, W. S. Sutton
AMERICAN FOSSIL COLEOPTERA REFERRED TO THE SCOLYTIDAE (Illustrated) — A. D.
Hopkins THE SPECIES OF HADROTETTIX, A GENUS OF OEDIPODINAE — Samuel H. Scudder LIFE HISTORIES OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRIDAE — XII — Harrison G. Dyar SoME COCCIDAE QUARANTINED AT SAN Francisco — 7. D. A. Cockerell
SOME MATING NoTES — Caroline G. Soule
PUBLISHED BY THE
CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., U.S. A.
YEARIJ-Y SUBSCRIPTIONS, $2. VOLUME, $5. MONTHLY NUMBERS, 20c
{Entered as second class mail matter]
62 PSVCHE.
{ June 1900
Psyche, A Journal of Entomology.
RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. BS Subscriptions not discontinued are considered renewed,
B® Beginning with Fanuary, 1891, the rate of subscription 1s as follows: —
Yearly subscription, one copy, postpaid, $2.00 Yearly subscription, clubs of three, postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6 (1891-1893), postpaid, 5-00 Subscription to Vol. 6, clubs of 3, postpaid, 13.00
The index will only be sent to subscribers to the whole volume.
Twenty-five extra copies, without change of form,to the author of any leading article, ¢/ e7-
dered at the time of sending copy, 5 Free Author's extras over twenty-five in number, under same conditions, each per page, 5 3C-
Separates, with changes of form —actual cost of
such changes in addition to above rates, Remittances, communications, exchanges, books, nd pamphlets should be addressed to
EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.
ADVERTISING RATES, ETC. ‘TERMS CASH —STRICTLY IN ADVANCE. #2 Only thoroughly respectable advertisements will be allowed in PSYCHE. The editors reserve the tight to reject advertisements.
Subscribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects for exchange or desired for study, zot for cash, free at the discretion of the editors.
Regular style of advertisements plain, at the follow ing rates : —
Outside Inside
‘age. Pages,
Per line, first insertion, . F » $0.10 $0.08 Yighth page, first insertion, . ° 75 60 Quarter “ @ ome 4 a 1.25 1.00 Half Me 5 ats . a ey es One = 2 3 ; 4.00 3.50
Each subsequent insertion one-half the above rates.
Address EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Carlstrasse 11, Berlin N. W.
CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB.
The regular meetings of the Club are now held at 7-45 P.M. on the second Friday of each month, at No. 156 Brattle St. Entomologists temporarily in Boston or Cambridge or passing through either city on that day are invited to be present.
A very few complete sets of the first six volumes of PSYCHE remain to be sold for $29.
SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass.
The following books and pamphlets are for sale by the CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB:
Burgess, E. Contributions to the anat- omy of the milk-weed butterfly, Danais archip- pus. Boston, 1880, 16 p.,2plates. . 1.00 Hitchcock, Edward. Ichnology of New England. Boston’ 1858. f 1.50
Scudder, S. H. The earliest niaeedl in- sects of America. Cambridge, 1885,8p.,1 plate .50 Scudder, S. H. Historical sketch of the generic names proposed for Butterflies. Sa- lem, 1875. a Scudder, S. H. ‘The ines <aath Bf Nan tucket, Retinia frustrana. col. pl. Boston, 1883. .25 Scudder, S. H. The fossil butterflies of
Florissant, Col., Washington, 1889 5 . 1.00 Scudder, S. H. Tertiary Tipulidae, with special reference to those of Florissant. 9 plates. Philadelphia, 1894. + 2.00 Stettiner entomologische Zeitung. jae 43-44. Stettin, 1882-1883. : . 2.00 U. S. Entomological Commission.—Fourth Report, Washington, 1885 0 b . 2.00
SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass.
MANUAL OF N, A. DIPTERA.
Manual of the Families and Genera of North American Diptera, by S. W. Williston. Paper, $2.00; Cloth. $2.25.
J. T. HATHAWAY, 297 Crown St., New Haven, Conn.
PSY CELE.
THE MELANOPLI OF KANSAS. —I.
BY S. J. HUNTER AND W. S. SUTTON, KANSAS UNIVERSITY, LAWRENCE.
follow refer to species taken in the State during the
The discussions which
field work of the past two seasons. It has not been the endeavor to ascertain, at this time, the number of species existing within the State. The study has been conducted more especially with reference to the subject of varia- tion. Later it is probable that the work may take the form of a survey of the group. The greater part of the mate- rial studied has been taken along the Arkansas river south of Offerlie in Ford county by Hunter, in Hamilton county three miles east of Syracuse by Hunter, and in Russell county about three miles northwest of Russell, by Sutton. The order followed in this group is that of Scudder in his Revision of the Me- lanopli.*
HESPEROTETTIX.
HT. pratensis Scudder. — Tegmina of four of the six specimens exceed the abdomen in length. In two of these cases one male and one female by 3.5 and 3 mm. respectively. Scudder says ‘*tegmina about length of abdomen in both sexes.” In his key, however, he says tegmina distinctly surpass the ab- domen (in the male) or equal it (in
*Rey. Orthopt. group special ref. to N. A. forms. XX. pp. 1-421, Pl. i-xxvi.
Melanopli (Acridiidae) with Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. Vol.
the female) Male cerci straight, not ‘¢ feebly down-curved.”
Quite rare, taken only in buffalo grass pastures. A species much sought after by both parties while collecting, and taken, as the field notes show, only At these Is it possible that its alertness under favorable condi- tions, warmth and sunshine, keep it beyond the range of the collector? Only three females and two males (Ford county) and one male (Russell county) were taken. The beautiful white dashes upon the lateral aspect of the thorax fade out entirely in the dried specimens. As far as our knowledge extends, now first reported from Kan- sas.
on cloudy days after rain. times it Was very active.
fT. spectosus Scudder. — All speci- mens have median carina of pronotum ‘¢ pink roseate,” some conspicuously so. Humeral angle of hind margin of met- azona hardly apparent. In the three males before us the subapical tubercles are and
though not deeply bifid.
transverse, one distinctly Scudder says this bifurcation occasionally happens in drying. In this case shrivelling is not apparent ; it appears to bea natural structure. Lower half of labrum and space between vertical carinae of upper half,
given by Scudder.
not Several nymphs of
piceous. Coloration here
64 PSYCHE.
the last ecdysis were taken. These closely resembled the adult in form and ground color, but differed in having no red or roseate Labrum marked as in adult, but anten- nae green instead of pink; and each segment margined with piceous.
This species feeds largely upon lamb’s-quarter, Chenopodium album, and furnishes an interesting example
markings whatever.
of protective coloration, in that green and roseate markings of plant and insect are almost identical. The in- sect, therefore, is not readily perceived at rest upon this weed.
Two three females (Ford county) one male, two females (Ham- female (Russell
males,
ilton county) county).
one
AEOLOPLUS.
A. regalis Dodge.— The variation among the specimens before us is very slight, being limited to shades of color- ation, and the markings of hind femora.
{June 1900,
They conform with Scudder’s descrip- The
noticeable,
tion. range of coloration was
from One exceedingly
the green varying light to dark green. light colored female had doubtless been after The ground color varies from testaceous to
greenish yellow.
taken soon last moult.
Of the femur Scudder says “ testace- ous yellow with two broad angulate and sagittate bands darkest above ;” our specimens present these features and in addition a basal spot which sometimes takes the form of a third oblique stripe. In some these angular bands fuse so as to cover almost the entire surface of the femur. The pallid base of hind tibiae mentioned by Scudder takes in our specimens the form of a clearly defined annulus.
Fourteen males, four females (Ford county) one female (Russell county). July; common both in pastures and cultivated crops, a rather late species being most abundant in August.
AMERICAN FOSSIL COLEOPTERA REFERRED TO THE SCOLYTIDAE,
BY A. D. HOPKINS, MORGANTOWN, W. VA.*
I have been greatly interested in studying the tertiary Scolytids and the work of a prehistoric beetle in wood from interglacial clays,f which you so kindly intrusted to me for that purpose.
* In a communication to S. H. Scudder.
} The results of the examination of the fossil Scolytid borings will be published elsewhere. — S. H. S.
At best the Scolytidae are a trouble- some lot to study, even with a large series of perfect specimens, and it is often quite difficult satisfactorily to re- fer the species to their natural position.’
Therefore when we come to deal with partially preserved remains and impressions of forms
which were
buried in the mud of tertiary lakes, it
June rg00.]
is not to be expected that anything very definite can be determined regarding their specific, generic, or even group positions. At first glance it seemed
hopeless task to even approximate an opinion which would have any value. Yet, with a certain familiarity coming from a special study of existing forms, it is remarkable what one of these little dark spots and fragmentary impressions The outlined
form, distorted as it may be, suggests
in the rocks will reveal. a possible affinity. A peculiar arrange- ment of elevations (representing punc- tures or depressions in the prothorax or elytra), and depressions, repre- elevations, give a clue to some general charac-
ters;
senting in a like manner distinct and represent the position of sutures,
and the comparative length of seg-
obscure lines become
ments; faint symmetrical depressions indicate the form of the eyes; finer details, as punctures, rugosities, striae, and interspaces become more and more distinct, and we are reminded of similar characters After sketching, and
in existing forms. measuring, magnifying, compating, the perfect form is resur-
rected in our mind, and we have a basis upon which to form an approxi- mate hypothesis of the position the in- dividual would hold among the living descendants of the primitive division it represents.
The results of my studies of the five specimens of fossil beetles, including the types of your Dryocoetes carbo- MAYERS, and fTylesinus extractus, may be indicated
as follows:
Dryocoetes
cmtpressus,
IPSIVCEHE. 65
No. 3999. Dryecoetes carbonarius Scudd. Zyfe: from ‘* Crossing Green RivesOne Pac. ek Re me not to belong to Dryocoetes, but to
This seems to
represent an extinct genus of doubtful group or even family position, although it appears to come closer to the Scoly- tidae than to the Curculionidae or Ptinidae, to both of which there is some suggestion of affinity.
The absence of antennae, legs, ab- dominal segments, and the tip of the elytra leave only the evident double or divided eye, the longitudinal rugosities and punctures of the prothorax, the faintly defined punctures of the elytra, and the obscurely outlined form, to suggest its family, group, or generic position.
The longitudinal rugosities of the affinity to some Bothrosterni (Cnesiuus), while the di- vided eyes would place it in either Hylesinides near Polygraphus, or Cor- thylides near Trypodendron (Xylo- This combination of characters would certainly exclude it from any Scolytid genus known to me.
No. 44 (15218) Dryocoetes impres- sus Scudd., Trypodendron ZMPVessus, (Type), and the attending series, 4048, 4009, under the same name, and all from ‘* Crossing Green River, U. P. R. R., Wyoming,” evidently represent one species, which is distinct from, and apparently allied to the preceding.
The
prothorax are
thorax suggests an
terus).
longitudinal rugosities of the and the punctures of the elytra, striae, and inter- spaces (represented by elevations) are of equal size, much more distinct, and
much stronger
66 PSYCHE.
arranged in approximate rows, while the elytra (type) are plainly narrowed towards the tip. These characters seem to be sufficient to exclude it from the Scolytidae, and to point to the Ptinidae as the family to which it may more properly belong. If so, it would come close to your Anobéum ovale and Anobium deceptum (Figs. 1 and 18, Pl. 8, Tert. Ins. N. A.) with which the elytral punctures agree almost exactly. By reference to the descriptions and figure of Polygraphus worthent Scudd. (Tert. Rhynch. Col. p. 158, Pl. XII, Fig. 13), it would seem that this, too, would belong to the same division of the Ptinidae, since the elytra narrowing towards the tip, the form of the prothorax, and the rather coarse, confused punctures of the elytra would remove it from Polygraphus.
5647. Hylestnus extractus Scudd., Type. ‘Florissant, Col.” This is a true Scolytid, and belongs in the fiylesinides, which, according to my present arrangement includes groups Phloeotrib¢, Polygraphi, Hy- lurgt and Hylesinz.
The granulated surface of the pro-
sub-
thorax, referred to in the description, evidently rugose dense punctures, especially on the side. The elytral sculpture is obscure, yet it plainly indicates an elevated rugose base common to the Hylestzides. The first four abdominal segments are, upon
represents — slightly
close examination under the microscope (4 inch objective), quite clearly de- fined, and show that they gradually decrease in length from the first to the
[June 1900.
fourth, as in Polygraphus, but quite different from Hylesinus, in which the first and second are longer, the third and fourth short. Upon careful exam- ination, it is also noted that the eyes are divided and close to the base of the
So BEG SS Ee Ns
A ) ;
¢ ! I i Pee \ 2 MT ; as = "I ‘ \ 3 hi / / \ aot eS ay < ei 4 \ SS == \ yaar { ys . 5 (eat y, eel Y \ s NN 7 * Sa
Hylesinus extractus Scudd.
mandibles, as in Polygraphus. _ It, therefore, appears to belong near Poly- graphus, but probably represents an ex- tinct or undiscovered genus.
Your (8068) Cytelus dormiscens, Plate 2, Big: a, Deri) Rhynchs Coll
June 1g00.]
seems from the figure to come very close to this species, especially, in the form of the prothorax and the divided eyes. I might also add that fig. 11 of the same plate ( Cratopar¢s arcessitus,
PSYCHE. 6
~l
No. osinus as does fig. 4, pl. 1x. (Axomdas obdurefactus. No. 1005), except that in the latter the eyes are divided.
185) resembles somewhat Phloe-
THE SPECIES OF HADROTETTIX, A GENUS OF OEDIPODINAE.
BY SAMUEL H, SCUDDER, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
Hadrotettix was established in 1876, on a clumsy, strikingly banded Oedipo- dine with long and rather coarse anten- nae, from the Arkansas River, described by Say as Gryllus trifasciatus and fig- ured in 1828 in his American Entomol- ogy. No species has since been added to the group,* although one from Ne- braska has been catalogued by Bruner on several occasions. I have for some time had in my collection a Mexican species of very different appearance, so far as the markings of the wings go, and recently Mr. Morse has brought from California still another widely different species. Accordingly I append descrip- tions of the two additional species, leav- ing that named by Bruner to be described by him. The four species known to me may be separated by the following table : —
Table of the species of Hadrotettix.
a’. Wings crossed by a broad fuscous band, as broad as the metazona, and following the hind border nearly to the anal angle; hind tibiae coral red.
*Thomas, however, twice described the original species under new names.
61, Band of directed toward the base in the hu- trifasctatus. 6°. Band of wings sending a humer- at least third base of
wings with no taenia meral field :
the the
al taenia one
distance toward the
wings gracilis. a’. Wings crossed by a narrow band not following the hind border toward the anal angle, or by a mere cloudy in- fuscation. ; 6!, Nearly the whole apical half of tegmina membranaceous, the dense reticulation of the base extending but little the middle; crossed by a distinct narrow fuscous
beyond wings band with a humeral taenia; hind tibiae greenish yellow - mundus. é*. Only the apical fourth of tegmina membranaceous, the rest densely re- ticulated ; wings merely obscured with fuscous clouds just beyond the middle and on the hind border; hind tibiae
reddish yellow . ; nebulosus.
Hadrotettix trifasciatus.
Gryllus trifasctatus Say, Amer. ent., ili., pl. 34 (1828).
Oedipoda trifasctata Walk., Cat. Derm. salt. Brit. Mus., iv, 729 (1870).
68 PSYCHE,
Hladrotettix trifasctatus Scudd., Ann. rep. chief eng., 1876, 511 (1876).
Arphia trifasctata Caulf., Rep. ent. soc. Ont., xviii, 70 (1888).
Oedipoda prutnosa Thom., Proc. acad. nat. sc. Philad., 1870, 80 (1870).
Oedipoda hoffmanii Thom., Rep. U.S. geol. surv. terr., v, 127 (1873).
I have specimens before me taken on the explorations for the N. Pacific R. R.; from the Upper Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers; from south of the Black Hills, S. Dak., Nebraska City, Nebr., Colorado (Morrison), Pueblo, Col., Texas (Lincecum), Dallas, Tex. (Boll), Bosque Co., Tex. (Belfrage), Eagle Pass, Tex. (Schott), Pecos Riv- er, Tex. (Pope), and Fort Buchanan, Ariz. It has been reported from many of these districts by others, and also from Alaska [by error?] (Caulfield), Assiniboia (Scudder), British America (Bruner), Dakota and Montana (Brun- er)), (Thomas, Bruner), Nevada (Thomas), Utah (Thomas, Saussure), Arkansas River (Say), and New Mexico (Scudder, Thomas, Sauss- ure), so that it probably inhabits the whole Rocky Mt. region west of the eastern margin of the Great Plains, and east of the Sierras, from Assiniboia to the southern borders of Texas.
Wyoming
Hadrotettix gracilis.
Hadrotettix gractlés Brun.! MS., Publ. Nebr. acad. sc., iii, 25 (1893).
I have specimens from Valentine and Fort Robinson. Nebr., Hot Springs, S. Dak., received from Bru-
and
[June rgoo.
ner; as well as from Las Animas, Col., Bosque Co., Tex., and Fort Whipple, Ariz. It therefore has probably much the same range as the preceding. It is a little smaller than that species. I have also received this species from Bruner as coming from Nebraska and
labelled AZ. ménxor Brun. MS.
Hadrotettix mundus sp. nov.
Moderately slender for the genus; brown- ish plumbeous, occasionally ferruginous, often and especially in the male more or less albescent, particularly on the head; the lat- ter well rounded, rather prominent, the fasti- gium of vertex slightly impressed, with a weak median carina, the frontal costa not very broad, expanded a little below the ocellus, a little sulcate and punctate, especially in the male; antennae scarcely (@) ora little (¢) shorter than the hind femora, dull ferrugin- ous, alternating obscurely with dull testa- ceous, often pallescent toward base. Pro- notum of nearly uniform coloring, brown- ish plumbeous or ferruginous, but with the lateral lobes often more or less feebly albes- cent, particularly in the male, rarely obscurely punctate with fuscous, the lateral carinae prominent but rounded on the metazona, which is feebly rugulose and posteriorly rec- tangulate or subrectangulate. Tegmina brownish at base, beyond pale cinereous or albescent, crossed by two conspicuous heavy fuscous bands and a broken third band, often with a few obscure maculations apically, the dense reticulation of the base scarcely extend- ing beyond the middle; wings pale citron yellow at base, crossed in the middle by a fuscous band scarcely if any wider than one of the bands of the tegmina, narrowed and interrupted at the lower margin of the hu- meral area, reaching the hind border but not following it toward the anal angle, sending a humeral taenia half way to the base, the wings beyond the band pellucid with infus-
June 1900.)
cated veins and a fuscous costal margin. Hind femora cinereous, banded in the middle of the apical half with fuscous, followed by a subflavous pregenicular band; hind tibiae pale greenish yellow, sometimes with a gen- icular fuscous maculation or cloud.
Length of body, g, 25 mm., 9, 31 mm.; antennae, g, 12.5 mm., 9, 14 mm.; teg- mina, @,25mm., 9, 29.5 mm.; hind femora, &,13mm., 9, 16.5 mm.
16 #@,16 9. California, at Gazelle, Sept. 4-5, Tehama, Aug. 28, and Tu- lare, Aug. 5, A. P. Morse.
Hadrotettix nebulosus sp. nov.
Moderately stout; pale cinereous, more or less albescent. Head well rounded, not very prominent, the fastigium of vertex very ob- scure with no median carina, the frontal costa not very broad, feebly sulcate, punctate above; antennaea little shorter than the hind femora (@), testaceous, infuscated in apical half by alternating bands of obscure fuscous. Pronotum brownish
fuscous on metazona,
PSYCHE. 69
pale cinereous on prezona, the lateral carinae bluntly rounded on metazona and hardly prominent; process of metazona rounded ob- tusangulate. Tegmina densely reticulated except the apical fourth, brownish fuscous at base, beyond dull cinereous, twice not very conspicuously banded with dull fuscous, with signs of a third band, and with obscure fus- cous apical maculations; wings pellucid, fuliginous in a moderately broad band just beyond the middle, which is feeble in tront, more marked behind, where it follows the hind border a short way toward the anal angle. Hind femora flavo-testaceous, twice interiorly with black or fuscous, showing also above somewhat; hind tibiae pale reddish yellow, ringed at base with black and again obscurely in the middle of the basal half.
Length of body, 29 mm.; antennae, 13 mm.; tegmina, 27 mm.; hind femora, 15.5
mim.
banded blackish
ph Thin
ens).
Sinaloa, Mex., Koels (Behr-
LIFE HISTORIES OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRIDAE. — XII.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR,
The larva has not been previously described. Druce gives full references in the Biologia Cent.-Am., Lep. Het., ii, 94.
Egg. Cylindrical, the ends rounded, one end a little more taperingly so than the other ; a scarcely perceptible flattening of the cylin- der, parallel to the leafas laid. Twelve neat low ribs, reaching almost to the smaller end, becoming dotted at termination; stopping abruptly at the larger (micropylar) end ina circle of large, quadrangular, indistinctly edged cells, at the inner angles of which are acircle of white dots, one foreach rib. Within this the micropyle is somewhat coarsely re- ticulate. Ribs thickly crested with a double
Mecoceras nittocrts Cram.
WASHINGTON, D. C.
alternating row of white dots. Cross-stria- fine, parallel, faint. Fine dark green; the ribs and circle of dots appear white. Size 65 X .55 X -50 mm.
Stage 7. Head rounded,
brown-black, not shining;
not bilobed, width .3 3ody cylindrical, slender, feet normal; cen- tral parts of segments bearing tubercles i and
mm.
ii larger, collared, 2-annulate, the interseg_ mental parts smooth; ends shrunken. Dark vinous, almost blackish, the slender, inter- segmental parts of joints 5 to g pale, sordid whitish dorsal and subdorsal vinous lines, so that the body looks obscurely dark vinous banded, Tubercles small; setae black, stiff, iv behind the spiracle; on thorax ia to
with
70 PSYCHE.
iib all separate, no subprimaries. A small trapezoidal cervical shield and rounded anal plate.
Stage II. Head broad, the lobes produced with short points directed forward; sutures impressed; dull, dark black-brown, a little mottled; secondary present, short, black; width .5 mm. Body slender, the cen- ters of the segments a little swollen; all dark blackish vinous with an olivaceous tint, under the lens obscurely finely lined longitudinally with darker ventrally. In the position of tubercle iv an elevated rounded dark spot. Segments centrally dorsally shaded with dark. Skin covered with fine, short, dark, secondary hair arising from black tubercles. Venter of joint 10 protruded, the segments finely annulate, all essentially as in the ma- ture larva, though darker.
Stage J/J. With the characters of the ma- ture larva. Head.7mm. The black rounded stigmatal lumps and the paired posterior dor- sal ones present on joints 8 and 9g, the latter one smaller. Dark, blackish brown, a little lighter and greenish ventrally, peppered by the dark secondary tubercles. The fine sec- ondary setae black. Head points distinct. The ends, joints 2 to 4 and 10 to 13, are nearly black. No marks nor lines.
Stage IV. Head bilobed, the lobes pro- duced into cones with sharp tips curved for- ward, not long but pointing obliquely forward and outward; clypeus as high as two thirds of thefront; cheeks rounded, quadrate below,
hairs
[June 1900.
mouth projecting. Blackish, dotted with pale, an irregular white fleck on the face of the lobe below the horn; densely covered with short, black, secondary pile; width 1.4 mm. Body as in the next stage, the colo darker, less green, the prominences a little less pronounced.
Stage V. Head bilobed, the former points represented by slight elevations on the upper front side; color as before; width 2.1 mm. Body nearly cylindrical, the subventral fold distinct and arched on the